汽车社会:必须全面提升国民交通道德水准

结合我国交通发展现状和问题,提出倡导交通道德、减少不文明交通行为对缓解我国交通安全和拥堵问题的重要现实意义。从社会大环境和汽车社会发展两个角度分析我国当前交通道德缺失的原因,并建议通过交通道德教育、交通执法和交通环境改善三个方面提升国民交通道德水准。     

关于交通公平的理论探讨

经济学有关效用满足问题的思想是理解交通领域公平问题的基本出发点,针对长期以来交通发展中的非均衡问题,基尼系数的经济学解释具有很强的借鉴意义。本文试图通过引入经济学描述公平分配问题的分析方法,探讨交通资源分配和交通出行权益满足程度的非均衡性问题以及相应的治理思路。     

关于交通资源优化配置的几个问题

针对交通资源优化配置问题,本文澄清了如下五个概念及问题:1.什么是交通资源?做出了交通资源的识别与界定;2.按什么标准配置交通资源?确定了配置交通资源的评价标准;3.配置交通资源解决什么问题?明确了交通运输的决策层次及对象;4.通过什么途径配置交通资源?考虑了交通资源流动与配置的制度框架;5.如何使交通资源配置到位?分析了交通资源配置的行政、经济及法制手段。     

大中型城市老城区中央商务区交通改善对策初探——以抚顺市中央商务区（南站）为例

随着社会经济快速发展,大中型城市老城区中央商务区的交通问题日益突出。为改善该类区域日趋严重的交通问题,本文通过分析该类区域的交通特征及问题,提出了该类区域交通改善的总体工作思路,最后以抚顺市中央商务区(南站)为例,制定了针对性的改善对策及建议。     

当旅游遇上交通——专访北京第二外国语学院教授厉新建

"交通是旅游出行的基本前提,只有交通条件改善了,旅游‘进得来、出得去、散得开’的基本要求才能得到满足。"忆起与交通的结缘,北京第二外国语学院旅游管理系主任、教授厉新建思绪万千。1992年,厉新建开始接触到旅游学科的课程,自那时起"就一直关注交通问题"。在1999年进入到旅游教学科研工作之后,对交通中的旅游交通问题就更为关注,其中,交通与旅游本身的深度结合、旅游交通的创新问题、自驾车旅游发展、高速交通体系构建对旅游发展的影响等话题深深地吸引住了喜欢跨界研究的他。当旅游业遇上交通大发展,交通方式决定旅游方式,旅游效应影响交     

城乡结合部交通与枢纽规划研究

文章从城乡结合部和交通与枢纽的基本内涵出发,指出了城乡结合部存在的一些交通问题,同时针对城乡结合部已成为交通瓶颈,阻碍城市的对外经济联系和乡村经济发展等问题,提出了结合部交通与枢纽规划的优化设想。     

城市单轨交通的发展与研究重点

随着城市化的快速发展,城市交通中存在的问题也逐渐突出,城市轨道交通因其容量大且快速便捷的特点成为各个城市与区域经济圈互通的首要选择。对比现有的城市轨道交通主要形式,介绍单轨交通的发展现状、单轨交通的技术特点及优势,重点结合已开通运行的单轨交通工程和已有资料提出目前单轨交通的研究重点与问题,并提出相关建议,对单轨交通的发展做出展望。     

客运大发展,规划必须先行

"交通规划是建立完善综合运输系统的重要保障,是解决目前道路交通问题的根本措施,是获得最佳交通运输效益的有效途径。"随着交通拥堵、交通环境污染、交通事故等问题长期困扰着世界各大城市和地区,人们再次形成新的共识:以交通规划来应对交通方面长期存在的问题。我国重视交通规划工作始于20世纪五六十年代,虽然起步晚于国外,但是针对我国交通发展状况,先后制定一些指导性的规划政策:1992年交通运输部编制了全国公路主枢纽布局规划,     

基于交通组织的城市复杂立交简单化规划研究

交通流向多、车流交织多、导向识别差等问题严重制约城市复杂立交的运行效率。文章针对重庆市大佛寺长江大桥南桥头立交规划建设面临的问题,立足片区路网布局,分析立交承担的交通功能,厘清立交主要交通和次要交通,从片区交通组织角度出发,简化立交形式,兼顾交通需求和运行效率,也为类似城市复杂立交简单化处理提供参考。     

城市轨道交通列车晚点成因分析及对策

为了解决城市轨道交通列车晚点问题,城市轨道交通列车晚点成因分析,对城市轨道交通行车调整方式进行探究,提出城市轨道交通列车晚点的控制对策以供参考。     

基于复杂网络的兰州市公交网络分析

城市交通系统是一个动态的、自组织的、开放的复杂巨系统,交通拥挤等问题严重制约着城市有序、快速、高效地发展。文章基于复杂网络理论,以兰州市为例,运用Pajek软件和L空间法,构造了兰州市公交站点网络,并对公交网络的度、累积度和聚类系数进行了分析。结果表明,兰州市公交站点网络具有无标度特性。     

广西城乡公交一体化发展问题及对策研究

文章结合广西各地推进城乡公交一体化发展的现状,分析了城乡公交一体化进程中存在的问题及其成因,并提出了相应的发展对策,为各地推进城乡公交一体化发展提供参考。     

Could you also have made this trip by another mode? An investigation of perceived travel possibilities of car and train travellers on the main travel corridors to the city of Amsterdam,The Netherlands

We investigated perceived travel possibilities (or subjective choice-sets, consideration-sets) of car and train travellers on the main corridors to the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and associations with traveller and trip characteristics. We conducted secondary analysis on a survey sample consisting of 7950 train and 19,232 car travellers. Forty-five percent of train travellers had a car in their objective choice-set, 27% of them would however never use it for this trip. Trip destination city centre, trip purpose, paying for the trip, public transport commitment, traffic congestion and parking problems were associated with consideration of car as alternative. Forty-two percent of car travellers had public transport in their subjective choice-set. The ratio between perceived public transport and objective car travel time stood out as determinant of consideration-sets, next to destination city centre, trip purpose, travel time and private versus company car ownership. On average, car travellers’ perceptions of public transport travel time exceeded objective values by 46%. We estimated that if perceptions would be more accurate, two out of three car travellers that currently do not see public transport as an alternative would include it in their choice-set, and use it from time to time. This effect has strong theoretical and policy implications.     

Transport and society1

In 1963, the Buchanan Report in the UK advocated a combination of new road capacity, improved public transport and traffic restraint as a means to tackle congestion. Forty years on, and the advice from many transport experts remains the same. However, the scale and complexity of the problems associated with a mobility‐dependent society have grown. The need for politicians to make tough but realistic policy decisions on transport is now becoming unavoidable. They must confront the realities of living with the car as must the general public. Policymakers now also have social well‐being and sustainable development moving higher on their agendas alongside transport. Against such a backdrop, the paper makes the case for transport research, policy and practice to acknowledge more fully the inherent links between transport and society. It argues that greater recognition and understanding of such links is crucial to confronting the present realities. Transport does not merely serve society: it shapes society, as in turn society shapes transport. The future of each is dependent on the other, and this fact must be recognized. The paper advocates in turn that the transport profession must move from its heartlands in engineering and economics also to embrace more fully such disciplines as sociology and psychology. A factual picture of the many facets of present‐day society is presented and the implications for travel demand are discussed. Through considering phenomena such as social norms and habitual behaviour, it is then argued that the travel choices and behaviour of individuals are not simply a matter of economic optimization. This points to the need for decision‐makers to be furnished with better evidence about the transport problems faced and the potential efficacy of measures that might be taken. Discussion of public attitudes and the role of the media are included in the context of assessing how politicians can be encouraged and supported in their implementation of realistic but unpopular policies. Evidence and experience within the paper are UK based, although many of the issues and arguments apply world wide.     

Attitudes of Hong Kong residents to cars and public transport: Some policy implications

Hong Kong currently has low levels of car ownership and use due to a combination of good public transport, high population densities and high private transport costs. However, levels are rising, contributing to congestion and environmental problems. A major response by the government is to seek to increase rail's share of public transport journeys from its current level of 33% to 45% by 2016. After reviewing the transport situation in Hong Kong, the paper discusses the appropriateness of these targets as well as questioning whether they are achievable. The results of a questionnaire survey of 595 residents of Hong Kong, designed to elicit people's attitudes to cars and public transport, are analysed. It is concluded that unless the government does more to curb car ownership and use, rail targets will have little chance of being achieved.     

Financing public transport systems in Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia: challenges and prospects

Most major cities across the world today are facing an intractable challenge of financing public transport. In Kuala Lumpur for example, public transport services are somewhat poor in part because of the failure of major operators to secure ample funding. Previous funding programs implemented in the city have failed to produce a replicable model for financing public transport. Due to numerous financial problems and the dismal performance of privately owned transport firms, the State has in the recent past emerged as a key source of funding for the public transport sector in Kuala Lumpur. This article argues that, despite the insuperable challenges, prospects for the future funding of public transport in Kuala Lumpur appears to be good. The article also draws lessons from both Tokyo and Hong Kong. In order to address the funding deficit facing the public transport industry in the city it is crucial that more viable strategies and policies such as value capture and public–private sector partnerships are adopted by the urban authorities.

Viewpoints of adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders on public transport

BackgroundPublic transport is low cost, allows for independence, and facilitates engagement and participation for non-drivers. However, the viewpoints of individuals with cognitive disabilities are rarely considered. In Australia, the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is approximately 1% and increasing. Many individuals with ASD do not possess a driver’s licence, indicating that access to public transport is crucial for their independence. However, at present, there is no research on the opinions of adults with ASD on public transport.AimTo identify the viewpoints of adults with ASD regarding the barriers and facilitators of public transport usage and their transportation preferences, and to contrast these against the viewpoints of neurotypical adults.MethodsQ method was used to identify the viewpoints of both participant groups on public transport. Participants consisted of 55 adults with a diagnosis of ASD and a contrast group of 57 neurotypical adults. Both groups completed a Q sort task which took place in either Perth or Melbourne, Australia.ResultsThe most prominent viewpoint indicated that both groups preferred to use public transport over driving and believed that it supported their independence. This viewpoint also indicated that both groups preferred to use electronic ticketing when using public transport. Interestingly, the second most prominent viewpoint indicated that both groups preferred to drive themselves by private car rather than use public transport.DiscussionIt appears that the viewpoints of adults with and without ASD regarding public transportation were largely similar. However, questions arose about whether the preference for public transport in the ASD group may be more a result of difficulties obtaining a driving licence than a deliberate choice. The only barrier specified by adults with ASD related to crowding on public transport. Safety and convenience in relation to location and timing of services were barriers reported by neurotypical adults.     

Critical Review of Time-Dependent Shortest Path Algorithms: A Multimodal Trip Planner Perspective

Abstract

A multimodal trip planner that produces optimal journeys involving both public transport and private vehicle legs has to solve a number of shortest path problems, both on the road network and the public transport network. The algorithms that are used to solve these shortest path problems have been researched since the late 1950s. However, in order to provide accurate journey plans that can be trusted by the user, the variability of travel times caused by traffic congestion must be taken into consideration. This requires the use of more sophisticated time-dependent shortest path algorithms, which have only been researched in depth over the last two decades, from the mid-1990s. This paper will review and compare nine algorithms that have been proposed in the literature, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm on the basis of five important criteria that must be considered when choosing one or more of them to implement in a multimodal trip planner.     

Restructuring land transport in New Zealand

Restructuring of governmental activities in New Zealand calls for public enterprises to operate in competitive environments. This has created problems for highways and urban passenger transport. Whereas the national airline has been privatized and railways corporatized, legislation for land transport has created a Crown agency that is expected to operate commercially within funding and policy constraints. The problems are assessed as Transit New Zealand attempts to allocate state funds between competing projects using commercial criteria. New roles have been legislated for regional agencies and local governments: they are expected to either privatize service delivery or create public corporations to maintain highways and operate passenger transport. Principles underlying restructuring are examined, and suggestions are made on how agencies might take advantage of opportunities.