随机海况下的非线性船舶横摇和倾覆

本文考虑波浪的随机性和船舶恢复力矩及阻尼的非线性，提出了船舶在随机海浪上航行时的横摇运动方程，根据非线性随机动力学的理论和方法，提出了时域横摇非线性随机运动计算方法，研究了横摇的非线性和随机动力学行为，并对实船在不同有义波高下的动力响应进行了计算，算例表明本文提出的方法是可行的。     

用Melnikov方法研究船舶在随机横浪中的倾覆

本文应用Melnikov函数和相空间转移率研究船舶在随机波浪中的强非线性横摇运动及其倾覆问题,分析了波浪特征频率、特征波高、船舶非线性恢复力臂以及阻尼特性对相空间转移率的影响.以长30.7m、宽6.9m的渔船为例,采用ISSC波浪谱,在时域内计算了Melnikov函数,得到了相空间转移率与Melnikov函数之间的关系以及有义波高对相空间转移率的影响.研究表明:随有义波高增大,相空间转移率不断增大,船舶航行的安全域迅速减小.从而揭示了相空间转移率与船舶倾覆内在的密切联系,为船舶的设计和稳性衡准提供了有价值的参考.     

随机斜浪中船舶参数-强迫激励横摇运动计算

研究船舶随机斜浪中大幅参数激励非线性横摇运动的计算方法.将船舶稳性高度GM作为时域变化的随机参数激励,波浪力为随机强迫激励项,建立船舶在随机斜浪航行情况的参-强激励横摇运动微分方程.参数激励项的求解考虑了船体型线、纵摇、升沉及波浪运动对稳性高度变化的影响.分别取不同波高、航速、航向,计算出随机斜浪中船舶的时域横摇运动响应.计算结果表明,此方法可以用于计算随机斜浪中船舶的参-强激励横摇运动,据此分析随机斜浪对船舶横摇和倾覆的重要影响.     

随机斜浪中船舶参数——强迫激励横摇运动计算

研究船舶随机斜浪中大幅参数激励非线性横摇运动的计算方法。将船舶稳性高度GM作为时域变化的随机参数激励，波浪力为随机强迫激励项，建立船舶在随机斜浪航行情况的参—强激励横摇运动微分方程。参数激励项的求解考虑了船体型线、纵摇、升沉及波浪运动对稳性高度变化的影响。分别取不同波高、航速、航向，计算出随机斜浪中船舶的时域横摇运动响应。计算结果表明，此方法可以用于计算随机斜浪中船舶的参—强激励横摇运动，据此分析随机斜浪对船舶横摇和倾覆的重要影响。     

随机海浪中船舶安全概率的数值模拟

近年来国外发展起来的安全盆思想为衡准船舶动稳性特性开辟了一条新的途径,本文将安全盆的思想进行了延续和拓展。首先简要的介绍了求解微分方程的数值方法——谐加速度方法的基本思想与计算步骤,然后以一条渔船为例,引进ISSC双参数海浪谱,在构建船舶横摇运动微分方程时考虑了船速和遭遇浪向角的影响,应用谐加速度方法对船舶在随机海浪下的非线性横摇运动方程进行了数值求解,结合数理统计的知识,得到了随机海浪中4参数的船舶安全概率,分析了波高、波浪特征周期、遭遇浪向角、船速以及海浪随机相位角等因素对船舶安全概率的影响。     

船舶参数激励非线性随机横摇运动分析

研究了随机纵浪中船舶的参数激励横摇运动。将船舶初稳性高作为时变的随机参数激励,应用随机平均法和FPK方程,分析了船舶的参数激励横摇运动微分方程。考虑航速、船舶瞬时湿表面积及随机波浪,建立了船舶横摇幅值概率密度、概率分布函数及其均值的计算方法。以某渔政船为例,计算了不同航速时船舶随机横摇幅值的概率密度、概率分布函数及其均值。结果表明,参数激励谱峰频率为横摇固有频率的2倍时,发生主参数共振,船舶横摇严重,船舶倾覆发生的概率增加。     

滚装船的波浪稳定性数学建模和稳定性分析

滚装船具有重心高、稳定性差等特点,在波浪中航行时,会因为外界环境的变化产生大幅度的横摇.这种非线性的横摇很容易使得船舶发生倾覆,这对船舶的安全性是非常大的隐患.对船舶横摇运行不能按照传统的线性方式进行处理,以牛顿力学和刚体力学作为基础,将阻尼力矩和恢复力矩考虑在内,建立了船舶在波浪中运行的非线性运动方程,并对船舶受到波...     

随机横浪中甲板上浪船舶的倾覆研究

应用相空间转移率,定量研究了随机海浪中甲板上浪船舶的倾覆,给出了甲板上浪对船舶抗倾覆能力的影响.综合考虑非线性阻尼、非线性恢复力矩和随机横浪激励,建立了无甲板上浪和有甲板上浪时船舶随机非线性横摇运动的一般方程.以一艘倾覆的拖网船为例,分别求解了无甲板上浪和有甲板上浪时,不同海况激励下船舶横摇的相对相空间转移率.以相空间转移率作为船舶稳性损失的度量,定量比较了两种情况下船舶的抗倾覆能力.研究表明,甲板上浪后,船舶在较低的海况下会产生较大的相对相空间转移率,甲板上浪严重降低船舶的抗倾覆能力,从理论上进一步揭示了甲板上浪船舶的倾覆机理.     

规则纵浪中船舶参数激励横摇运动研究

考虑船舶横摇运动中恢复力矩及阻尼力矩的非线性,建立船舶在规则波浪中参数激励下的非线性横摇运动方程,并对规则纵浪中船舶参数激励横摇运动进行研究,探讨船舶发生参数激励横摇运动的条件及大幅横摇的动力学特征,分析船速、波高及波长等因素对参数激励横摇运动的影响。     

船舶非线性横摇参数激励研究

本文讨论了船舶在海浪上运动时参数激励产生的机理，建立了船舶参数激励和波浪激励非线性横摇运动方程，为研究倾覆机理奠定了基础。     

横向规则波作用下的船舶倾覆

运用安全池理论研究了某近海干货船在横向规则波作用下的船舶倾覆问题.用阿当姆斯预估-校正法数值求解时域内单自由度非线性横摇方程.采用三维格林积分方程法计算水动力系数的频域特性.分析了非线性横摇方程中势流阻尼、非线性阻尼以及在横向规则波作用下波高和频率对安全池的影响.     

Stability assessment for intact ships in the light of model experiments

A systematic method for assessing intact ship stability with a free-running model in a seakeeping and maneuvering basin is proposed in this paper. Model experiments were carried out in extremely steep regular waves for a model drifting, running in head seas, and quartering seas. This method was applied to two purse seiners, and efficiently identified thresholds in metacentric heights for capsizing of these ships. These capsizing thresholds are compared with requirements of the IMO Code on Intact Stability. This series of model experiments also confirms that capsizing at the threshold occurs only in quartering seas, and shows that capsizing is caused by broaching, loss of stability on a wave crest, or bow diving. Received for publication on Jan. 20, 1999; accepted on July 6, 1999     

船舶参数激励非线性横摇运动方程

讨论了船舶在海浪上运动时参数激励产生的机理，建立了船舶参数激励和波浪激励非线性横摇运动方程。本文工作为研究倾覆机理奠定了基础。     

Prediction of capsizing probability for a ship with trapped water on deck

The authors have already examined a method for evaluating the capsizing probability of a ship in the dead ship condition based on a piecewise linear approximation of the restoring arm. Here, this method is extended to ships with trapped water on deck. This is because the stability of ships having a relatively high bulwark, such as fishing vessels, could substantially deteriorate due to trapped water on deck. First, the mean amount of water trapped on deck was estimated as a function of the significant wave height and the mean wave period using a model experiment in irregular beam seas. Second, the restoring arm curve with trapped water on deck was calculated hydrostatically and then approximated with a piecewise linear curve. Third, the roll angle was estimated using a nonlinear and uncoupled equation of absolute roll angle under stochastic wave and wind exciting moments. The short-term and long-term capsizing probabilities were calculated for a fishing vessel operating off Kyushu. Numerical results quantitatively demonstrated that the effect on capsizing probability of trapped water on deck cannot be ignored when accurately evaluating the stability of fishing vessels.     

风暴中船舶安全池破损问题

选用实际在航货船船型,运用理论和模型试验相结合的方法确定非线性横摇运动方程各系数,研究了随机波浪和随机风中船舶安全池的破损问题.引入定量分析方法,考虑扰动波谱(例如ITTC谱)对安全池破损的影响以及脉动风速谱的作用,进一步揭示了安全池破损的内在机理及影响因素.本文认为,计算安全池时应选择合适的扰动波谱,风速脉动特性的影响是不能忽略的.     

Importance of several nonlinear factors on broaching prediction

In order to realize a more quantitative prediction of broaching and capsizing in following and quartering seas, existing mathematical modelling techniques should be upgraded. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically examine all factors relevant to capsizing in following and quartering seas. To this end, we first attempted to examine the prediction accuracy of wave-induced forces by comparing calculations with captive model experiments. As a result, we found that a wave-induced surge force has a certain nonlinearitiy with respect to wave steepness. The nonlinearity of sway–roll coupling with respect to sway velocity was also found, and our numerical result with these nonlinearities improves the prediction accuracy of the critical ship speed of capsizing in following and quartering seas. The importance of the wave effect on propeller thrust was also examined. We found that this effect is not negligibly small and could improve capsizing predictions in heavy following and quartering seas. Finally, we attempted to investigate the importance of nonlinear heel-induced hydrodynamic forces on numerical predictions of capsizing due to broaching. Here, we propose a new procedure for captive model experiments to obtain hydrodynamic forces with various heel angles up to 90°, and data on heel-induced hydrodynamic forces with respect to heel angle in calm water are provided. We then compare the numerical simulations with the nonlinear heel-induced hydrodynamic forces and without them. These time series comparisons show that the effect of nonlinear heel-induced hydrodynamic forces in calm water is not negligibly small for the case of ship capsizing due to broaching.     

Nonlinear dynamics of ship capsizing due to broaching in following and quartering seas

To provide a theoretical methodology to predict the critical condition for capsizing due to broaching, a nonlinear dynamical system approach was applied to the surge–sway–yaw–roll motion of a ship running with an autopilot in following and quartering seas. Fixed points of a mathematical model for the ship motion and unstable manifolds of the fixed point near the wave crest were systematically investigated. As a result, the existence of heteroclinic bifurcation was identified. With numerical experiments, it was confirmed that this heteroclinic bifurcation reasonably well represents the critical condition for capsizing due to broaching. Thus the nonlinear dynamical approach can be substituted for tedious numerical experiments. Received for publication on Nov. 20, 1998; accepted on March 16, 1999