轨道交通区间隧道工作中的长管棚施工工艺

为了提高隧道施工的水平,以黄河南路站—锦江路站区间隧道建设项目为例,对公路隧道施工过程中的隧道软弱围岩支护施工技术进行全面、深入的研究,阐述支护体系应用的必要性与效能、长管棚支护的施工原理及施工关键点,结合长管棚施工工艺在项目中的实践状况进行分析,论证长管棚施工工艺的效能。     

京源口隧道突水涌泥地段综合处治技术

文章针对京源口隧道右线出口洞内断层带在施工中发生较大突水涌泥坍方的现象,介绍了采取注浆加固坍体、长管棚注浆超前支护等综合处治措施。     

乌鞘岭隧道左线出口下穿既有线施工

文章介绍了兰武线乌鞘岭隧道左线出口下穿既有线区段时对既有线采取的加固方法,以及对隧道正洞采用的管棚和小导管施工技术.     

砒霜坳隧道右线出口浅埋软弱围岩的施工方法

本文主要介绍京珠高速公路粤境北段砒霜坳隧道右线出口浅埋软弱围岩段的施工方法及工艺,包括地表加固、设置明洞、回填反压、长管棚注浆超前支护、双侧壁导坑以及监控量测,取得显著成效,保证了施工进度和安全.     

长大管棚超前支护穿越Ⅵ级围岩施工技术

文章结合洛湛铁路YQ9标清水隧道出口大管棚工程实例,并根据大管棚施工技术规范,简要分析和总结了长大管棚在Ⅵ级围岩中的施工技术,为同类施工提供参考。     

考虑施工过程的浅埋软弱隧道管棚变形预测及参数敏感性分析

目前的隧道管棚计算方法和理论解析存在计算繁杂,计算参数的选择对分析结果的正确性影响较大且无法获得精确的理论解或简化的计算公式等问题。文章基于Winkler弹性地基梁理论,考虑隧道施工过程中围岩扰动特性、支护未封闭不完全承载特性、地层反力系数差异特性及荷载分布不均匀特性,建立了管棚超前预支护变形理论计算模型,并通过求解24阶方程组获得超前管棚预支护理论解析。结果表明:1)解析解与数值解和现场实测值吻合度较高,解析解可用于管棚变形预测;2)管棚直径、开挖进尺、地层反力系数均存在最优参数取值,环向间距与管棚变形呈正比例关系,管棚长度并非越长越好,只需满足管棚远端超前掌子面前方2倍台阶高度即可;3)实际施工过程中,通过调整管棚参数来控制隧道拱顶沉降效果从优到劣的顺序为:开挖进尺、注浆改善地层力学性质、环向间距、直径、长度。     

隧道管棚设计参数的确定

管棚作为超前预支护辅助措施,广泛应用于隧道和地下工程建设领域。分析并确定隧道管棚的设计参数,为管棚施工、设计提供参考。     

无工作室管棚技术的研究与应用

在复杂隧道及地下工程施工中,大管棚作为一种行之有效的超前预支护手段发挥了极其重要的作用.然而,常规管棚施工技术存在施工工序多、工作室扩挖工程量大、成本投入高、质量安全难于确保等多种弊端.文章在常规管棚施工技术基础上,大胆提出取消管棚工作室,通过对管棚孔定位及顶进进行优化和调整,形成了无工作室管棚施工工法;同时结合工程实例,从技术可行性、经济合理性、安全可靠性及施工方便性等方面论证了该工法的优越性,并在齐岳山隧道F11断层中成功应用.     

朋山岭隧道长管棚支护施工技术

本文根据泉州南惠高速公路朋山岭隧道进口段长管棚支护的施工实践,介绍了如何有效控制地表下沉,防止出现大面积塌方,实现快速安全进洞的长管棚支护施工技术。     

跟进式管棚在隧道洞口松散破碎地层中的应用

针对山岭隧道洞口松散破碎地层常规引孔顶入法管棚施工存在管棚孔坍孔送管困难的问题,文章以来都高速公路某隧道洞口管棚施工为工程背景,介绍了跟进式管棚施工工艺在隧道洞口松散破碎地层的应用情况,并阐述了该工艺的施工流程、施工方法、施工要点及支护效果。应用效果表明,在松散堆积体、围岩破碎等自稳能力差的地层中采用跟进式管棚施工,速度快、超前支护效果较好、结构安全。     

Survey of R&D in PRT systems

A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996.     

Optimization of bus stop locations for improving transit accessibility

A mathematical model is developed in this paper to improve the accessibility of a bus service. To formulate the optimization model, a segment of a bus route is given, on which a number of demand entry points are distributed realistically. The objective total cost function (i.e. the sum of supplier and user costs) is minimized by optimizing the number and locations of stops, subject to non‐additive users' value of time. A numerical example is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method thus developed to optimize the bus stop location problem. The sensitivity of the total cost to various parameters (e.g. value of users' time, access speed, and demand density) and the effect of the parameters on the optimal stop locations are analyzed and discussed.     

Productive efficiency and ownership of urban bus services

The established ownership mix of urban bus operations in Australia provides a unique opportunity to investigate the productivity differences between public and private bus service supply. Using duality theory in economics which links economic indices of factor productivity to the cost structure of a firm, we develop empirical measures of total and partial productivity of inputs, and adjust the differences for the effects of ownership status and operating environment. The evidence supports the notion that private supply of public passenger transport in general has performed more efficiently in the past than public supply, although the differences in productivity need not continue in the future.     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

Determinants of modal choice in freight transport

In the next few years, exciting developments in the field of freight transport are likely to occur. The Channel Tunnel will be perceived as giving railways much greater distance of operation, compared to the current train ferry to/from Great Britain. The further development of swap-body technology will allow easier modal transfer and the creation, in 1992, of a single market in Europe will transform the pattern of trade. All of these are likely to have significant impacts on modal choice, and hence modal split, in freight transport. Reappraisal by many firms of the modes of transport used is likely but will it result in a net transfer of freight from road to rail and, if so, to what extent? To answer such questions, an accurate and reliable method of predicting modal split is required. Research in the past has concentrated on the development of modal split models based on generalised costs. These fail to explain adequately the prevalence of road freight in the UK. From surveys of freight managers within industry, it is clear that models to date rely too heavily on the economic cost factor and too little on behavioural factors (Jeffs 1985). This paper derives from a recent study of freight transport modal choice from the standpoint of the transport decision-maker within the firm. It attempts to shed light on the actual parameters which should be incorporated into a modal split model. Many variables appear to exert an influence on modal choice decision-making process. However, it is possible to categorise them into six main groups, namely: customer-requirements; product-characteristics; company structure/organisation; government interventions; available transport facilities; and perceptions of the decision-maker him/herself. It is the interactions and inter-relationships between these which ultimately determine freight modal split. This study has shown that the relationship between the outcome of the transport decision process and the values of particular determinants of modal split is not straight-forward, due to the complexity and variety of interactions involved. Perhaps one of the main reasons for researchers' failure hitherto to develop a successful modal-split model has been the preoccupation with techniques that rely on the development of common metric (e.g. generalised cost), which has led to the exclusion of some important explanatory variables along quite different dimensions. Another important issue concerns the appropriate level of aggregation. In order not to reduce the explanatory power of the key variables, it is important to work at a disaggregate level, although this does make substantial demands on data. The use of factor analysis enables both the aggregation of information without loss of behavioural reality and the specification of variables in terms of a common metric. In conclusion, freight transport has usually been examined within too narrow a framework. It must be placed firmly within the context of the total industrial process. The demand for freight transport is directly influenced by the level, composition and geographical distribution of production and consumption activities. Freight flows are complex and so it is highly unlikely that a universal mode-choice model can ever be developed. Future research should, therefore, be directed towards developing partial models in response to specific needs of those involved in decision-taking in the freight sector.     

A century of evolution of the accessibility concept

The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side.     

天然气站往复式压缩机活塞失效分析

针对天然气站往复式压缩机活塞的断裂事故,运用失效分析方法,开展了活塞断口扫描电镜分析、能谱和金相分析。根据断口形貌的电镜和金相观察结果,结合理论知识,分析确定了该活塞发生断裂事故的主要原因,即在特定工况下该活塞的材料缺陷是造成断裂的主要因素。     

中国城市道路规划方位性问题研究

文章结合中国的传统建筑文化理念和现代科学原理,从历史文化、能源节约、环境保护、房地产定价、交通安全等多方面分析研究了城市道路在规划和设计时所应遵从的定向规则。