移动无线信道多径衰落的仿真

移动无线信道传输特性的仿真对移动通信的研究具有重要意义,其中多径衰落仿真又是其中的重点和难点.针对多普勒频移和无线信道的随机性,讨论了无线信道的小尺度模型.运用数字信号处理方法,在频域给出了多普勒滤波仿真信道多径衰落的方法、频率选择性信道的仿真模型和仿真曲线.该方法较好地模拟了信号载波频率和通信终端移动速度的影响.     

多径衰落信道中QPSK信号传输特性的研究

简要介绍了移动无线信道的基本概念、特点、分类及理论知识，并推导了典型的小尺度衰落信道中莱斯分布和瑞利分布的一些特性；另外重点通过自定义Matlab环境下的M文件对无线信道的典型例子，即平坦衰落信道进行了仿真。特别是使用简单的Matlab程序，对莱斯分布的累积分布函数（CDF）和概率密度函数（PDF）进行了仿真估计。最后，对数字调制后的QPSK信号通过莱斯衰落信道时的性能进行了仿真估计，并得到相应的分析结果。     

基于卡尔曼滤波的快时变稀疏信道估计新技术

针对高铁以及山区环境下正交频分复用（orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM）通信系统的信道估计问题,提出一种基于卡尔曼滤波的快时变稀疏信道估计方法.该方法基于快时变信道的基扩展模型（basic expansion model,BEM）,应用压缩感知（compressed sensing,CS）理论进行稀疏时延估计,并应用卡尔曼滤波（Kalman filter,KF）技术对BEM系数进行估计,进而获得信道增益.仿真结果表明,在相同信噪比（signal to noise ratio,SNR）条件下,随着归一化多普勒频移（frequency-normalized Doppler shift,FND）增大,新方法的信道估计均方差（mean square error,MSE）性能优于传统方法,如当SNR为20 dB,FND为0.1时,新方法较传统方法性能提升了4 dB,表明对信道时变性具有更优的鲁棒性;在相同的多普勒频移条件下,随着SNR增加,各方法的均方差均有所改善,新方法改善更明显,如当FND为0.2时,在信道估计均方差为0.06的条件下,新方法较传统方法获得了6 dB的信噪比增益,表明对抗信道噪声能力更强.      

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面对行车安全监控无线数据通信的迫切需求，我国铁路传统的450MHz的模拟无线通信系统显得无能为力.而正在实施的GSM-R通信系统主要服务于行车调度业务，其容量和技术体制也难以满足这种要求.通过综合集成当今先进成熟的移动通信技术，包括正交频分复用(OFDM)技术、无线局域网技术和移动IP技术，提出了一种新的基于OFDM调制技术的铁路无线数据通信系统设计.该系统在2MHz的频率带宽内，数据通信速率最高可达4.86Mbps，可以容忍的时延扩展为2.5 us.     

内河航运系统监管技术现状与展望

数字化、自动化及智能化监管技术是保障内河航运系统安全、高效及绿色运行的关键。从态势感知、事件监视及组织优化这3方面阐述内河航运系统监管技术研究现状，总结技术发展沿革与趋势，分析监管技术存在的不足。研究表明：内河航运监管态势感知研究伴随先进信息感知技术发展做适应性进步，从利用海事雷达技术捕捉船舶物理表象特征，逐步结合数据挖掘方法融合多源信息向多船态势感知和智能感知方向发展；事件监视研究起初受限于传感器设备感知水平不足而主要面向事件后分析，结合先进传感器技术和智能技术，逐渐向事件中检测和事件前预测方向发展；组织优化研究主要包括船舶运行空间优化方案和时间优化方案的制定，未来组织优化模型需考虑航道突发事件的影响，有利于推进组织运行方案的实际应用，更好地服务于海事监管需求。提炼内河航运系统多模式一体化融合感知网、全息场景图及智能管控系统构建的关键技术，面向未来新一代航运系统，探索内河航运平行监管模式，阐述内河要素物理及耦合关系平行建模和平行数据集建立与信息挖掘、平行监管及交互可视化等方面建设的核心内容，旨在采用基于数字孪生技术的虚实闭环交互机制实现内河航运系统的高效运行，为内河航运系统监管技术的研究与发展提出了创新方向。     

长江菜园坝桥群河段通航条件试验

山区河流桥群河段的选址、桥梁间距及桥跨布置对桥区通航条件的影响较大。长江菜园坝桥群河段通航环境复杂,通过模型试验,按建桥的顺序研究桥梁建设对该河段通航水流条件、船舶操纵特性的影响。分析表明:石板坡重庆长江大桥对桥群河段通航条件的影响相对最大,航道变得狭窄、弯曲,通航净宽尺度不足,桥群河段的通航条件较差;菜园坝大桥主通航孔虽然一跨过通航水域,但与石板坡间距较近,下行船舶在通过菜园坝大桥后应及时调整航向和船位。为保障通航安全,应整体考虑桥群河段的通航安全措施。     

内河弯曲航段单船通过能力建模与仿真

内河航道的通过能力通常是航道的等级和标准、所通航船舶的规模和尺度、通过的船舶载重吨或货运量、通过船舶数量等各因素在一定时空条件下的综合反映。依据船舶通过内河弯曲航道运动规律及弯曲航道水流对船舶航行的影响特点,对弯曲航段单船通过能力进行仿真建模,并结合过程建模及仿真的知识,通过VC的功能实现可视化,使我们能够对船舶通过弯道的能力有更直接的认识。     

三峡库区支流航道技术等级定级及其应用

三峡蓄水后支流的航道条件得到根本改善,但由于常规的内河通航标准没有考虑水库蓄水对支流航道的影响,因此不能采用常规体系来定级三峡库区支流航道的技术等级。以支流梅溪河为例,从水流条件、航道尺度、通航保证率等方面对三峡成库后支流的航道技术等级定级进行了初步探讨;将该标准体系应用于梅溪河,得到了三峡蓄水后梅溪河的航道标准。成果为三峡及类似库区支流航道技术等级的界定及相关研究提供了参考和借鉴。     

Signal Detection Algorithm Design Based on Stochastic Resonance Technology Under Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio

In the current 4 th generation(4 G)communication network,the base station with the same frequency transmission makes a serious interference among adjacent cells,and information transmission is susceptible to interference such as channel multipath fading and occlusion effect.Detecting effectively spectrum signal under low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR.),directly affects the whole performance of the wireless communication network system.This paper designs an energy signal detection algorithm based on stochastic resonance technology which transforms noise's signal energy into useful signal energy,and improves output SNR.The energy signal detection algorithm realizes the function of providing effective detection of signal under low SNR,and promotes the performance of the whole communication system.     

Optimization of Demosaicing Algorithm for Autofluorescence Imaging System

Autofluorescence imaging(AFI) systems are widely used in the detection of precancerous lesions.Fluorescence images of precancerous tissue are usually red(R) or blue(B), so this kind of system has high requirement for colour recovery, especially in R and B channels. Besides, AFI system requires bulk data transmission with no time delay. Existing colour recovery algorithms focus more on green(G) channel, overlooking R and B channels. Although the state-of-art demosaicing algorithms can perform well in colour recovery, they often have high computational cost and high hardware requirements. We propose an efficient interpolation algorithm with low complexity to solve the problem. When calculating R and B channel values, we innovatively propose the diagonal direction to select the interpolation direction, and apply colour difference law to make full use of the correlation between colour channels. The experimental results show that the peak signal-to-noise ratios(PSNRs)of G, R and B channels reach 37.54, 37.40 and 38.22 dB, respectively, which shows good performance in recovery of R and B channels. In conclusion, the algorithm proposed in this paper can be used as an alternative to the existing demosaicing algorithms for AFI system.     

Joint Distortion Model for Progressive Image Transmission Using Error Correcting Arithmetic Codes

A novel joint source channel distortion model was proposed, which can essentially estimate the average distortion in progressive image transmission. To improve the precision of the model, the redundancy generated by a forbidden symbol in the arithmetic codes is used to distinguish the quantization distortion and the channel distortion, all the coefficients from the first error one to the end of the sequence are set to be a value within the variance range of the coefficients instead of zero, then the error propagation coming from the entropy coding can be essentially estimated, which is disregarded in the most conventional joint source channel coding (JSCC) systems. The precision of the model in terms of average peak-signal-to-noise has been improved about 0.5 dB compared to classical works. An efficient unequal error protection system based on the model is developed, and can be used in the wireless communication systems.     

岷江长滩河段航道整治试验研究

根据岷江长滩滩险碍航的特点,采用卵石动床模型进行整治方案研究,取得了良好的效果.本文简要介绍了长滩河工模型的模型设计、验证及方案试验情况.该工程现已竣工,经过几个水文年的检验,滩险航道的通航条件得到彻底改善,整治效果好,已通过工程验收,该工程被评为优良工程.     

基于端到端失真优化的无线视频联合编码方案

在无线视频传输环境端到端失真分析的基础上,针对H.264视频流建立了一种新的端到端失真模型.在使用LDPC信道编码方式与该失真分析模型的基础上,提出了一种基于端到端失真优化的联合信源信道编码方案.该方案根据当前无线信道的信噪比与信道带宽等状态信息,自适应地调节信源编码量化参数和信道编码码率,使端到端失真最小.实验结果表明,与固定码率编码相比,本文提出的联合信源信道编码方案可在不增加带宽的情况下显著提高视频传输质量.     

Joint distortion model for progressive image transmission using error correcting arithmetic codes

A novel joint source channel distortion model was proposed, which can essentially estimate the average distortion in progressive image transmission. To improve the precision of the model, the redundancy generated by a forbidden symbol in the arithmetic codes is used to distinguish the quantization distortion and the channel distortion, all the coefficients from the first error one to the end of the sequence are set to be a value within the variance range of the coefficients instead of zero, then the error propagation coming from the entropy coding can be essentially estimated, which is disregarded in the most conventional joint source channel coding （JSCC） systems. The precision of the model in terms of average peak-signal-to-noise has been improved about 0.5 dB compared to classical works. An efficient unequal error protection system based on the model is developed, and can be used in the wireless communication systems.     

浅述基于直放站的CDMA无线网络优化

直放站（中继器）属于同频放大设备,是指在无线通信传输过程中起到信号增强的一种无线电发射中转设备,其基本功能就是一个射频信号功率增强器。本文首先介绍了直放站的有关知识,然后介绍了同频无线直放站的设计流程,最后用实例来讨论了CDMA无线网络优化方案。