轿车车顶结构的综合性能分析与评价

运用有限元数值模拟法研究了轿车车顶结构的模态特性、抗凹性能、覆雪强度、抗压强度等结构性能。系统评价了轿车车顶结构的静态、动态性能,包括载荷、边界条件的设置等,并给出了相应的评价准则及适用范围。将各个工况下的评价体系进行整合,得到合理的综合评价体系,为整车设计或车顶结构的相关产品研发提供了参考。     

某中型校车顶部强度分析与结构改进

依照相关标准和法规,对某型校车车身顶部强度进行静态压溃、准静态压溃和整车跌落的仿真研究,系统评价校车车顶结构的抗压强度特性,并对关键承载结构进行改进。     

概念阶段应用超静定力学规划车顶抗压性能的研究

近几年北美和中国的翻滚事故致死人数和死亡率居高不下,对社会和交通人身安全造成了恶劣影响,而翻滚伤害又与车顶抗压强度有关。应用超静定力学分析法预测各个路径的受力,进而明确关键力学路径,通过梁结构弯矩提高的理论,选取关键力学路径中受压侧的板件厚度作为正交试验的因素,分析各因素对车顶抗压强度和质量的贡献度。研究发现,连接中立柱内板和顶盖中横梁的接头支架对车顶抗压性能的贡献度最大。通过对接头支架进一步的优化设计,在提高车顶抗压性能的情况下,实现轻量化。     

Effect of tumble-home on roof strength of a vehicle

This study reports on the effect of vehicle tumble-home (side body inclination) on roof strength. The steep inclination of the side body of a vehicle increases its roof strength. Comprehensive analysis of the impact of high roof strength driven by the steep inclination on dynamic roof strength in rollover is described. Here, we have developed a numerical model using the ADAMS, which is capable of characterizing both of the static and the dynamic roof strength. According to the FMVSS 216 protocol, we achieve the strength to weight ratio (SWR; static roof strength) by applying loading plates to the roof of a vehicle. The Controlled Rollover Impact System (CRIS) allows us to quantitatively characterize the displacements of the top end of A-pillar and B-pillar, thus determining the dynamic roof strength by comparing the results. We demonstrated that the roof intrusion was one of the most critical causes which lead to injuries of occupants fastening seat belts. Our analysis revealed that the increase of the side body inclination of vehicles enhanced the static roof strength whereas it could not reduce the roof displacement (intrusion) in the dynamic rollover.     

Shape optimization of a torsion beam axle for improving vehicle handling performance

In this study, shape optimization was conducted for a vehicle’s rear suspension torsion beam to improve its dynamic handling performance. To determine the design variables affecting the vehicle roll characteristics, a sensitivity analysis was conducted using the result of a Taguchi experiment with 6 factors in 8 runs. The upper and lower-flange lengths and web thickness of the torsion beam section, as well as the vertical height difference between the inner and outer of torsion beams, were determined as design variables through sensitivity analysis of the opposite wheel travel test for optimization of the torsion beam axle. The Box–Behnken experimental design with 4 factors and 27 runs was performed using the selected design variables and by performing opposite wheel travel analysis according to the experimental design, and the response surface functions of the roll stiffness, roll steer coefficient, roll center height, and mass of the torsion beam were generated. Using these response functions, shape optimization was conducted for the torsion beam of the rear suspension system. Dynamic performance analysis was performed by applying the optimized H-shaped torsion beam to the rear suspension of the vehicle dynamics model, and it was validated that the dynamic response performance of the optimized vehicle was improved.     

斜风作用下风-车-桥非线性分析系统建立

为了从风作用方向的三维模拟和系统非线性2个角度实现风-车-桥系统的全三维高真实度模拟,首先建立斜风荷载处理方法,采用平均风分解理论对桥梁斜风进行分解,形成桥梁斜风荷载,把桥梁风作用方向模拟域由垂直于桥梁纵轴线的二维平面扩展到三维空间;采用矢量合成法则和线性插值方法,依据车辆位置函数确定桥上车辆任意位置和时刻的合成风速,并基于风洞试验获取车辆气动力系数,形成车辆斜风荷载。然后基于已建立的非线性分析系统,融合斜风荷载处理方法,构建斜风作用下的风-车-桥全三维非线性分析系统,并实现动态可视化。最后采用建立的分析系统,对系列风偏角工况下的桥梁空间动力响应和车辆安全进行分析和评价。结果表明：斜风作用下,桥上车辆事故指标值及桥梁位移响应随着风偏角增大总体上均呈现先减小后增大趋势,且极值均出现在非90°的锐角区;基于风向垂直于桥跨方向的假定所进行的桥梁设计和车辆安全性评价结果偏于不安全。     

顶盖挤压的试验法规及有限元分析

在翻滚事故中,车辆的主要承载件是车顶及其支承结构。只有这些结构有足够的刚度才能保证翻滚事故中乘员必要的生存空间。我国将颁布顶盖挤压标准,对车顸刚度及检测方法提出要求。本文通过有限元分析法进行预测,物理实验结果表明,该方法是可行的。     

某牵引车车身有限元模型验证

建立了某牵引车车身的有限元模型,运用Hyperworks软件对该牵引车车身骨架进行了强刚度分析,在分析基础上进行了重点部位的电测布片,测试了该牵引车车身的满载静态应力应变、满载动态应力变化,通过测试结果分析,验证了该牵引车车身的有限元模型较为理想,进一步为优化设计、降低制造成本提供了可靠性支持。     

Optimization for Vehicle Suspension II: Frequency Domain

The objective of this study is optimizing the components design of a vehicle suspension system under excitation due to road roughness. The vehicle is modelled as a dynamic system made of masses interconnected by, linear, springs and dampers. The optimizing code provides values corresponding to the caracteristics of masses, dampers and springs which, within a range, minimize the objective function for a defined excitation. This objective function auantifies the vehicle comfort level.

The optimization method used is the sequential linear programming by iteratively applying the Simplex algorithm. The model response is obtained in frequency domain and the vehicle excitation can be either random or deterministic.

The exact nature of the optimization problem, objective function and restrictions, depend on the type of excitation considered.

In succeeding paragraphs, the problem formulation together with a comparison with other authors is presented.     

Effectiveness of ECE R66 and FMVSS 220 standards in rollover crashworthiness assessment of paratransit buses

The main objective of the presented study was to compare the effectiveness of two standard test procedures for evaluating bus roof integrity: the dynamic rollover test according to UN-ECE Regulation 66 (ECE-R66), and the quasi-static symmetric roof loading according the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 220 (FMVSS 220). Both tests were applied to a selected Paratransit Bus. The investigation was carried out primarily using a numerical study backed up by experimental validation tests on components and full scale rollover tests. A sensitivity analysis using LS-OPT? was performed to identify the most important structural components influencing the response of the bus in these two tests. The results obtained from this study show that the final outcome of the crashworthiness assessment of the selected paratransit bus depends on the selection of the evaluation standard. Although the two tests are used for the same purpose of roof integrity evaluation, their results are divergent and may lead to different conclusions. The paper presents a discussion on the effectiveness of both standards in evaluating the rollover crashworthiness.     

重型货车驾驶室顶压强度研究

总结了货车常见事故类型,回顾了具有较大影响力的货车被动安全法规;针对我国即将实施的<商用车驾驶室乘员保护>法规以及出口认证的需求,进行了某型货车驾驶室顶压强度试验,并在此基础上进行了仿真分析对比.仿真与试验结果比较一致,证明该驾驶室符合法规要求.     

空气弹簧对重卡平顺性影响研究

为使重卡在平顺性方面满足国际或国家法规要求,利用专用软件,在建立有限元模型的基础上,通过计算机线性静态模拟计算分析,建立重卡有限元模型,进行动态模拟分析和数据分析,从重卡的平顺性出发,通过对安装空气弹簧重卡平顺性实验,然后建立重型卡车ADMAS/Car虚拟样机模型,针对空气弹簧在重卡上的平顺性能影响进行仿真和试验对比分析,并提出改进建议以达到设计目标。     

基于拉拽安全性能的汽车座椅优化设计

首先,基于国家标准GB14167—2013《汽车安全带固定点》中的座椅拉拽安全性能试验规程对汽车座椅单体进行建模仿真,并经试验验证模型的可靠性.然后,为改善座椅拉拽安全性能并实现轻量化,同时考虑NVH性能对座椅结构模态频率的要求,从概念设计阶段到详细设计阶段,对座椅骨架进行拓扑优化和尺寸优化.在概念设计阶段,通过多个静...     

波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥荷载试验研究

为检验某新建波形钢腹板-钢底板-混凝土顶板组合箱梁桥的施工质量及实际承载能力,分析该桥在等效车辆荷载作用下的静、动力特性,运用结构有限元分析软件MIDAS CIVIL对该桥建立有限元仿真模型。通过现场静载试验及动载试验,实测桥梁结构在等效车辆荷载下的静、动态数据并与理论计算值进行比对分析,以此验证简化模型的合理性和准确性,并对桥梁施工质量和实际承载能力做出评价。     

基于桥梁系数的非线性静力分析方法评估

以桥梁系数作为参照标准,分别采用真实地震波反应谱和设计反应谱作为地震需求,对比分析了4种非线性静力方法(承载力反应谱法、N2法、改进的模态Pushover分析法和自适应承载力反应谱法)对钢筋混凝土连续桥梁结构的计算准确性。研究表明:随着地震强度的增大,4种非线性静力分析方法得到的计算结果逐渐接近于非线性动力分析的计算结果;对于采用真实地震波的情况,N2法给出了最接近动力分析的结果,而对于采用设计反应谱的情况,4种非线性静力分析方法得到的结果之间差别非常小。     

车门开闭耐久仿真分析研究及优化

针对在车门开闭耐久试验过程中,某样车车门出现的焊点疲劳开裂问题,在考虑铰链连接、密封条连接及焊点细化建模的前提下,建立车门开闭耐久仿真有限元模型;根据Miner线性疲劳累计损伤理论,对车门开闭模型进行疲劳仿真分析,找出结构设计的风险点。在此基础上,提出优化方案,进行仿真疲劳寿命预测,最终通过试验验证了优化方案的有效性。提出了一种针对车门开闭耐久试验中焊点开裂的疲劳分析优化方法,可以在产品设计开发阶段,准确地发现问题并快速解决问题,可以缩短开发周期,节省开发费用,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

重型商用汽车车架轻量化设计

车架是汽车的主要承载构件,其功用是承受来自车内外的各种载荷,连接汽车的各大总成及各种车用设备,结构型式主要取决于汽车的总布置要求。深入研究车架的承载特性是车架结构设计改进和优化的基础,也是保证整车性能的关键。本文以某载货车车架为研究对象,建立了车架有限元分析模型;通过该车架模态仿真,验证了有限元模型的正确性;根据载货车的承载特点和行驶工况,对该车架在满载弯曲工况和满载扭转工况的静态应力分析,考察某载货车车架在典型工况下的应力分布,以此评价车架设计的合理性。在以上分析的基础上,本文对车架的连接横梁进行了结构优化,并对改进方案进行了有限元分析,通过与原结构的动态性能对比分析,确定了结构改进的可行性。     

A级车仪表板总成性能分析及优化

仪表板结构复杂，是汽车的集成操纵中心，既要满足功能性需求，又要满足安全法规的要求。文章分别建立了A级车仪表板总成的静态和动态有限元模型，对仪表板总成进行了NVH分析并参考GB11552-1999进行了头部碰撞分析。结果表明该仪表板总成满足NVH性能要求，仪表板及乘客区气囊盖板边缘处的头部撞击性能不满足法规要求。基于静态模型，采用尺寸优化方法对仪表板头部碰撞性能进行优化，优化后仪表板头部碰撞性能满足了法规要求，这对仪表板总成的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

Optimization of curving performance of rail vehicles

The curving performance of a transit rail vehicle model with 21 degrees of freedom is optimized using a combination of multibody dynamics and a genetic algorithm (GA). The design optimization is to search for optimal design variables so that the noise or wear, arising from misalignment of the wheelsets with the track, is reduced to a minimum level during curve negotiations with flange contact forces guiding the rail vehicle. The objective function is a weighted combination of angle of attack on wheelsets and ratios of lateral to vertical forces on wheels. Using the combination of the GA and a multibody dynamics modelling program, A’GEM, the generation of governing equations of motion for complex nonlinear dynamic rail vehicle models and the search for global optimal design variables can be carried out automatically. To demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed approach of using the combination of multibody dynamics and GAs, the numerical simulation results of the optimization are offered, the selected objective function is justified, and the sensitivity analysis of different design parameters and different design parameter sets on curving performance is performed. Numerical results show that compared with suspension and inertial parameter sets, the geometric parameter set has the most significant effect on curving performance.     

Design Optimization of a Rear Independent Suspension for the Korean Light Tactical Vehicle

Steering and suspension handle the direction of a vehicle according to the driver’s intentions and control the disturbance from the road surface while supporting the vehicle body. The static and dynamic characteristics of two systems are critical factors for the ride comfort and the directional stability. In the layout stage, the hard points of steering and suspension systems are determined. In the next design stage, the detailed design of the system, including gearboxes, springs, shock absorbers, and control links, is carried out. While the optimal hard points of a suspension are determined at the precedent design, interference with other peripheral components should be carefully examined in the detailed design process. In the case of the design point change should be made to avoid the interference, subsequent position and shape changes of the link mechanism are required. Therefore, there is a need to examine the optimization of suspension compliance characteristics with chassis design changes and the durability performance of the modified design. This study proposes an integrated analysis method for the design optimization and the durability evaluation of such optimized design specifications of the rear independent suspension for a military vehicle.