基于OILMAP模型的洋浦港溢油风险研究

本文从环境敏感资源识别、区域风险分析、船舶交通事故源项分析等方面分析了海南洋浦港溢油风险现状及发展形势,并研究了溢油事故的危害和致因。本文将Oilmap溢油轨迹和归宿模型应用于洋浦港溢油风险研究,采用情景分析法假定溢油事故场景,并预测各事故情景下,溢油到达岸线的时间、油膜扫海面积等指标,对溢油事故污染风险进行了分析。     

基于溢油轨迹和归宿模型的钦州湾溢油风险研究

本文从环境敏感资源、船舶交通量及油品运量、事故案例等方面分析了钦州湾溢油风险现状及发展形势,并研究了溢油事故的危害和致因。本文将Oilmap溢油轨迹和归宿模型应用于钦州湾溢油风险研究,采用情景分析法假定溢油事故场景,并预测各事故情景下,溢油到达岸线的时间、油膜扫海面积、污染岸线长度和着岸油量等指标。根据钦州湾溢油风险分析及事故后果模拟,提出了钦州湾溢油风险的防范措施。     

天津港典型LNG码头海洋环境风险研究

文章针对天津港特殊的地理位置,周边敏感资源的特点,对天津港典型LNG码头的运输货种及燃料油的污染危害性进行了分析,对码头及船舶存在的风险进行了研究。运用Oilmap溢油轨迹和归宿模型,采用情景分析法假定溢油事故场景,对燃料油泄漏事故进行了模拟。根据研究结果,对天津LNG码头提出了风险的防范措施以及建议。     

钦州湾船舶溢油风险评价与分析

文章以即将建成的广西北部湾港钦州30万吨级油码头工程为例,阐述钦州湾海上船舶溢油环境现状,并对溢油风险概率和风险源进行分析,评价溢油风险等级,为钦州湾海洋环境风险评价提供技术依据。     

跨越饮用水水源保护区桥梁环境风险预测分析

文章应用溢油扩散模型、漂移模型和粒子跟踪模型等数学模型,对跨越饮用水水源保护区桥梁的油品泄漏事故开展定量预测分析及情景模拟预测,提出了针对性的风险防范与应急措施,为跨越敏感水体桥梁的环境影响评价、环保措施设计和风险管理提供科学依据与技术参考。     

船舶污染事故溢油量测算方法比较

本文论述了船舶污染事故溢油量的两大类测算方法,分别是适用于风险评价的溢油量预测方法和适用于已发生的船舶污染事故溢油量的估算方法,分析比较了经验公式法、MARPOL方法、基于CFD的数值模型计算法、基于监视监测的估算法和基于事故船舶油量检测估算方法的基本假设、原理及其主要应用领域。本文可为船舶污染事故溢油量的快速准确估算提供方法选择依据,为改进估算方法提供建议。     

临海油品接卸码头溢油风险源指标研究

文章在对临海油品接卸码头生产运行调研分析的基础上,根据油码头及管道设计的相关规范和环保标准,对包括生产设施设备因素、作业环境因素、企业环境风险综合管理因素、环境应急管理因素等可能导致油品接卸码头生产过程发生溢油风险的源头进行了系统性的辨识、筛选和分析。同时,结合码头溢油环境风险评估技术体系,论证了油品接卸码头的溢油风险源辨识应重点围绕码头泊位设施、输油管线,并充分辨识溢油风险区域、危险物质状态、触发条件以及潜在危险性,确定形成了24个泊位溢油风险评价指标和12个输油管线溢油风险评价指标。     

码头项目环境风险评价的探讨

以码头营运时船舶燃油泄漏存在的环境风险为例,从码头风险事故识别、源项分析以及风险管理,应急预案等方面对拟建的码头进行风险评价,通过采用溢油扩散、漂移模型对该码头船舶发生漏油风险事故时对水质进行影响分析,为码头选址的环境可行性论证提供技术依据。     

水上溢油应急处置全过程技术标准体系现状及完善建议

从水上溢油应急处置全过程角度,分为风险防范、监测报警、预测预警、应急设备、损害评估和综合辅助等六个方面,全面阐述了水上溢油应急处置全过程技术标准体系现状,分析了目前溢油应急处置标准体系存在的主要问题,并提出了完善建议。本研究可为溢油应急处置标准的制修订,以及溢油应急处置工作的全过程控制提供科学参考依据。     

船舶溢油故障树分析与事故案例查询系统开发研究

根据故障树分析理论,基于MATLAB/GUI平台,构建了船舶溢油故障树分析与事故案例查询系统。该系统可实现针对船舶溢油事故发生原因和概率的定性和定量分析、及事故案例的多条件筛选查询功能。利用构建的系统对船舶碰撞导致溢油事故故障树模型进行了最小割集、顶事件概率和底事件重要度的求解分析,结果表明该系统操作简便,计算耗时少,结果准确,可以为船舶溢油事故风险分析提供辅助工具,具有很好的实用价值。     

Use of an ANP to prioritize managerial responsibilities of maritime stakeholders in environmental incidents: An oil spill case

While maritime pollution is often caused at the operational level, the causes can generally be traced back to shortcomings in the ship–shore interface and to poor communication among stakeholders. Here, the environmental responsibilities of maritime stakeholders are systematically analyzed and quantified using an analytic network process. This approach ensures that the most important dependencies and feedbacks among the responsibilities which is applied to a real marine situation (an oil spill) to validate the theoretical basis. A number of latent links between stakeholders’ responsibilities and the catastrophic impacts of the spill are identified.     

Environmental justice and hazmat transport: A spatial analysis in southern California

This paper explores whether the risk of a toxic release during transport is greater in poor and minority neighborhoods using a combination of mapping and statistical methods. Cluster analysis is used to examine the density of facilities and transport spill events as well as test for the spatial covariance between facilities and spills. Strong clustering of transport spills is evident, as well as clustering between factory sites and transport spills. A spatial model demonstrates raised rates of transport spills surrounding clusters of toxic firms. Most spills in Los Angeles occurred within 2 km of an intermodal facility. The last step of the analysis compares risk and facility clustering between neighborhoods and socio-economic groups, finding that hazmat spills during transport disproportionately occur in Latino neighborhoods in Los Angeles. The results clarify the spatial distribution of risk and nuisance from freight in urban landscapes.     

钦州港红树林湿地沉积物重金属含量研究

文章通过对钦州港仙岛公园红树林湿地的表层沉积物进行取样分析,测定其重金属、有机质的含量,并采用地质累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法评价沉积物中重金属的综合污染效应。评价结果表明:表层沉积物的Pb属于偏中度污染,As为轻度污染,Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Zn的五种重金属均值属于无污染水平;各种重金属的潜在生态危害系数大小顺序为AsPbCdMnCuCrZn,综合潜在生态风险处于轻微生态风险水平。     

基于iFIX上位软件的堆场除尘泵房无人化值守改造

随着工业自动化技术的不断进步,利用企业原有的控制系统进行堆场除尘泵房无人化值守改造,既满足了国家发展规划对环保的严格要求,又弥补了企业经营战略调整中人员不足的问题,能够以最低的人员配置实现原来需要大量人员参与的工作,提升了企业的管理水平,同时给企业带来巨大经济效益。     

内河码头项目水土保持方案编制特点初探

文章结合广西区内河流水文特征及内河码头项目施工工艺,从项目的水土流失特点、水土保持措施布设、水土保持监测和效益分析等方面着手,以柳州港鹧鸪江作业区6#～9#泊位工程及崇左港中心港濑湍作业区为例,探讨了内河码头项目水土保持方案编制特点。     

高速公路两侧土壤中石油类物质污染的调查与分析

针对目前我国高速公路两侧土壤中出现的石油类物质污染情况,对土壤样进行分析研究,得出高速公路两侧土壤中石油类污染物含量发生变化的规律及原因,提出有效的整治措施。     

Classifying Ports for Efficiency Benchmarking: A Review and a Frontier-based Clustering Approach

Abstract

Port efficiency and port clustering are two aspects that have received different degrees of attention in the existing literature. While the actual estimation of port efficiency has been extensively studied, the existing literature has paid little attention to developing robust methodologies for port classification. In this paper, we review the literature on classification methods for port efficiency, and present an approach that combines stochastic frontier analysis, clustering and self-organized maps (SOM). Cluster methodologies that build on the estimated cost function parameters could group ports into performance metrics’ categories. This helps when setting improvement targets for ports as a function of their specific cluster. The methodology is applied to a database of Spanish port authorities. The dendrogram features three clusters and five outlier Spanish Port Authorities. SOM are employed to track the temporal evolution of Spanish Port Authorities that are of special interest for some reasons (i.e. outliers). Results show that use of a combination of cost frontier and cluster methods to define robust port typology and SOMs, jointly or in isolation, offers useful information to the decision-makers.