综合客运枢纽服务功能评价的研究综述

综合客运枢纽是指交通运输网络上两种(或两种以上)运输方式衔接换乘的大型客运枢纽,它是城市内外客流集散中心和要素汇集中心,对城市空间结构布局和经济社会发展均具有重要影响。综合客运枢纽的主要功能包括集散、换乘、停车、引导和直通等,其服务质量可通过乘客的满意程度来衡量。随着经济社会发展,乘客对综合客运枢纽服务水平的要求日益提高,评价标准也将随之变化。因此,本研究通过对综合客运枢纽服务功能评价的研究现状进行系统性梳理,总结现有量化指标体系并分析其存在的问题,进而对广东省综合客运枢纽的发展提出了针对性建议。     

基于DEMATEL与ISM融合的综合客运枢纽换乘流线影响因素研究

综合客运枢纽是实现多种轨道交通方式衔接换乘一体化的重要环节，为了找出影响综合客运枢纽换乘流线关键因素，合理布局枢纽换乘流线，采用决策与试验评价实验室(DEMATEL)与解释结构模型(ISM)融合方法，对综合客运枢纽换乘流线影响因素之间的关系进行分析。采用DEMATEL方法研究影响因素间的相互关系和影响程度，结合ISM模型建立影响因素之间的多级递阶结构模型，深入分析综合客运枢纽换乘流线影响因素之间的影响层次及影响路径。研究结果表明：换乘组织有序度是综合客运枢纽换乘流线的根本影响因素。     

综合客运枢纽信息设置影响行人行为的调查分析

基于综合客运枢纽信息内涵及作用,根据不同的分类标准对综合客运枢纽信息进行了分类。枢纽内行人对信息有需求,枢纽信息的设置才会对行人有影响;因此,分别从不熟悉枢纽环境的进站行人、出站行人、换乘行人3个方面详细分析了枢纽内不同走行路径的行人对信息的不同需求。最后,通过对上海虹桥火车站实地调查,并对调查数据进行分析,得出在换乘过程中设置快速路径指示标识和实时信息都将影响枢纽内换乘行人的行为,并建议在地铁换乘高铁的A/B方向通道上,规范信息设置,凸显指路信息。     

城市客运交通枢纽的发展趋势

城市客运交通由多种交通方式构成,城市居民的出行往往是多种交通方式组合的过程,因此建设大型交通换乘枢纽,组织交通方式换乘,使乘客在城市对外交通及城市内部各种交通方式的换乘集中在一个小区域内,从而提高换乘的效率、减少换乘的时间损耗。因此作为城市综合运输网络中的重要节点,客运枢纽的合理布设、合理设计对改善整个交通系统功能,提高运营效率和解决出行换乘问题都具有极其重要的意义。一、研究意义与现状 客运交通枢纽是在城市中由多种运输方式所连接的固定设备和移动设备组成的整体,它是城市交通运输系统的重要组成部分,是不同运输…     

基于物元分析法的城市轨道交通换乘枢纽评价

文章从换乘枢纽的适应性、合理性及人性化三个层面出发,建立了轨道交通换乘枢纽的评价指标体系,并利用熵值法确定评价指标的权重,建立了基于物元分析法的城市轨道交通换乘枢纽评价模型。通过实例应用分析,证明了该评价方法的有效性和可行性。     

湖北省综合客运枢纽城市分层布局研究

近年来，湖北省积极打造综合客运枢纽示范项目取得了显著成效，但仍然缺乏针对综合客运枢纽城市的统筹规划，亟需建立全省综合客运枢纽城市层级体系。从综合客运枢纽城市概念入手，划分国际性、全国性、区域性和地方性四个综合客运枢纽城市层级，构建综合客运枢纽城市层级评价指标体系，采用“节点重要度+系统聚类”的定量分析与定性分析相结合的方法对湖北省17个市州进行分层布局。最终形成湖北省“1+3+3+8”的综合客运枢纽城市布局体系，用于指导后续全省综合客运枢纽港站布局，推动新时代综合交通运输体系高质量发展。     

基于改进TOPSIS的城市客运综合交通枢纽评价

城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案的优劣对城市综合交通系统的建设发展具有重大影响。为了提高城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案评价的客观性和准确性,结合城市客运综合交通枢纽客流衔接换乘的系统分析,从多维角度出发构建了城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案评价的多层次指标体系,在遵循方案评价基本原理及城市客运综合交通枢纽特点的基础上,提出了基于改进逼近理想点排序法的评价方法,用于城市客运综合交通枢纽方案的评价,建立城市客运综合交通枢纽综合评价模型。     

大型铁路客运枢纽换乘服务研究

站在运输服务设计的角度,以增强旅客换乘出行体验为目的,提出“人、行李分离”的换乘服务理念,并基于该服务理念设计铁路客运枢纽内同站和异站换乘的方案。异站换乘方案设计时,提出铁路专用车的概念,打造一种全新的换乘模式,满足旅客换乘出行的多元化需求,吸引旅客主动换乘。最后,从心理和生理舒适性两个角度对换乘服务理念进行评价,结果表明“人、行李分离”服务创造了旅客换乘出行附加价值,提高了旅客的换乘出行体验感。     

城市客运交通枢纽需建立高效的视觉导向系统

本文针对当前城市客运枢纽中视觉导向系统的重要作用及发展现状进行客观分析,提出在把握乘客心理及运动规律的基础上必须体现人性化的设计原则,紧密围绕规范导向系统标准并体现各交通方式特色;充分调动导向系统的信息化识别功能;最大限度提高乘客换乘效率等方面展开深入研究。同时,通过对重点区域导向系统设计方案的制定与完善,进一步探讨建立高效的视觉导向系统应采取的具体措施和有效方法。     

市域铁路与城市轨道交通换乘站瓶颈识别与优化

采用静态评价与动态评价相结合的方法研究了市域铁路与城市轨道交通换乘站的瓶颈识别与优化问题。首先,分换乘方向确定了基于乘客换乘需求的换乘服务水平评价指标体系,结合熵权法建立了用于评价换乘站换乘服务水平的综合评价模型;其次,采用Anylogic仿真动态模拟乘客在车站的换乘过程,根据仿真结果及综合评价模型分析了换乘站的换乘服务水平,识别换乘站的能力瓶颈;最后,以犀浦站为例进行了分析,分析得到犀浦站的能力瓶颈是检票闸机、铁路售票机及铁路实名制验票机。仿真结果表明,该能力瓶颈识别方法对换乘站设备布局及流线组织有一定的参考意义。     

基于交通渗流理论的城市轨道交通网络动态服务瓶颈识别

为准确把握轨道交通网络化运营的新态势和新要求,力求轨道交通系统在大客流下做到运输能力和服务水平的供需匹配,需对轨道交通网络的关键瓶颈进行有效识别和疏解。本文借鉴交通渗流理论,提出了限制网络整体服务水平和连通效能的动态服务瓶颈的识别方法,该方法综合考虑了城市轨道交通系统的网络特性、客流特性和服务特性。其中针对区间服务水平状态,该方法提出了定量评定的复合指标模型。以成都地铁线网为案例,基于实际客流运营数据,构建动态网络,识别服务瓶颈,验证了方法的适用性和准确性,对城市轨道交通系统运营管理有实际指导意义。     

Is rail cleaner and greener than bus?

The popular consensus is that urban passenger rail is more environmentally friendly than urban passenger bus. This position is largely associated with the key energy source for each mode, respectively electricity and diesel, where electric vehicle use will typically result in local air quality improvements away from the electricity generation source. Surveys of community perceptions reflect this sentiment; however the relationship between the source of energy and its resultant emissions is not something that citizens fully understand. There is a general lack of awareness of the resource base of much of electricity generation in some countries. Where generation sources are suitably renewable or low-carbon, electricity use will offer greenhouse gas abatement potential. However, in countries which still rely heavily on coal-fired power stations, such as Australia, abatement is not as assured and estimating emission outcomes can require careful assessment. Supporters of alternatives to diesel use can focus on the future supply of fossil-fuels, an argument which has merit; however such arguments are often confounded with environmental qualities related to local air pollution and enhanced greenhouse gas emissions. This paper takes a close look at the greenhouse emissions that are associated with urban rail and bus in Australia. Estimated intensities, when presented in the context of effective service delivery (primarily in terms of emissions per passenger kilometre), raise questions about the distortions that are present in the widespread promotion in Australia (at least) of rail as a more environmentally friendly and hence a sustainable mode of urban passenger transport than bus.     

Cost benefit analysis of urban minibus operations

Earlier work by the Transport Studies Group of the Polytechnic of Central London on minibus development in Britain for the Transport and Road Research Laboratory provided a financial analysis of intensive urban minibus operation. This is taken as the basis for the application of cost-benefit analysis. Unit operating cost savings and passenger benefits are taken into account, using typical demand elasticities derived from earlier work. Particular attention is paid to the problem of evaluating passenger benefits for which waiting time at the roadside is not necessarily an adequate proxy. A direct survey of passenger waiting times indicates that these do not necessarily decrease when a higher-frequency minibus service replaces a conventional bus service but the improved convenience produces an increase in ridership which may be assessed in terms of a demand curve shift to estimate benefits obtained.     

Preference heterogeneity in mode choice based on a nationwide survey with a focus on urban rail

The provision of efficient and effective urban public transport and transport policy requires a deep understanding of the factors influencing urban travellers’ choice of travel mode. The majority of existing literature reports on the results from single cities. This study presents the results of a nationwide travel survey implemented to examine multiple modes of urban passenger transport across five mainland state capitals in Australia, with a focus of urban rail. The study aims to explore differences in mode choices among surveyed travellers sampled from the five cities by accounting for two types of factors: service quality and features of public transport, and socio demographic characteristics. A stated preference approach is adopted to elicit people’s valuation of specified mode-choice related factors and their willingness to pay. In particular, the availabilities of wireless and laptop stations – two factors rarely examined in the literature, were also considered in the SP survey. The survey data were analysed using mixed logit models. To test for preference heterogeneity, socio-demographic factors were interacted with random parameters, and their influences on marginal utilities simulated. The analysis reveals that intercity differences, user group status, gender, income, and trip purposes partially explain observed preference heterogeneity.     

The environmental cost implication of hub–hub versus hub by-pass flight networks

Increasing congestion at major hubs and the advantage to passengers of non-stop flights and faster journey times has intensified the debate on patterns of air service. At the same time the economics of highly focused networks has been challenged by the availability of very economic smaller capacity long-haul aircraft. The purpose of this research is to value the environmental costs of these two patterns of service: hub-to-hub and hub by-pass. Five long-haul markets were evaluated both on a hub to hub and hub by-pass basis. These involved both transatlantic and Europe/Asia flights. It was found that the noise and emissions social cost impact of the hub by-pass networks was significantly lower than the hub to hub in all cases. Differences in environmental costs per passenger depend on the concentration of population around the airports and the degree to which the hub routing involves extra mileage.     

Restructuring land transport in New Zealand

Restructuring of governmental activities in New Zealand calls for public enterprises to operate in competitive environments. This has created problems for highways and urban passenger transport. Whereas the national airline has been privatized and railways corporatized, legislation for land transport has created a Crown agency that is expected to operate commercially within funding and policy constraints. The problems are assessed as Transit New Zealand attempts to allocate state funds between competing projects using commercial criteria. New roles have been legislated for regional agencies and local governments: they are expected to either privatize service delivery or create public corporations to maintain highways and operate passenger transport. Principles underlying restructuring are examined, and suggestions are made on how agencies might take advantage of opportunities.     

A macroscopic taxi model for passenger demand,taxi utilization and level of services

In most urban areas taxi services are subject to various types of regulation such as entry restriction and price control. However, effective intervention depends on generating and using suitable information on the demand-supply equilibrium of the taxi market. This paper develops a simultaneous equation system of passenger demand, taxi utilization and level of services based on a taxi service situation found in the urban area of Hong Kong over the last ten years. A set of variables is introduced including number of licensed taxis, taxi fare, disposable income, occupied taxi journey time as exogenous variables and daily taxi passenger demand, passenger waiting time, taxi availability, taxi utilization and average taxi waiting time as endogenous variables. These variables are coupled together through a system of nonlinear simultaneous equations whose parameters are estimated from survey data. The simultaneous equation system can be used to obtain useful regulatory information to assist with the decisions concerning the restriction over the number of taxi licenses and the fixing of the taxi fare structure as well as a range of service quality control. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimating the demand for urban bus travel

The disadvantages of conventional transportation study models, in particular their large data requirements and their weaknesses in dealing with changes in trip generation rates have led to a need for a simple model that can quickly and at low cost examine alternative public transport strategies.This paper investigates simple economic models of bus demand, examines alternative variables that can be used and discusses some alternative model forms. It demonstrates the results of a model using data from twelve urban bus operators in Britain and compares the results with those from other types of study. The model utilises fare and service quality elasticities to explain the decline in passengers on urban bus services, and derives an average elasticity with respect to fare changes of –0.31 and with respect to service quality changes of +0.62. It is estimated that fare rises accounted for 13% of the 43% decline in passengers over the last fifteen years, vehicle mileage reductions for 14.3% and that only 15.7% was due to such factors as rising car ownership which are often given as the cause of declining bus patronage.The results, by showing that passengers are far more sensitive to changes in service than they are to fare rises, are a useful guide to the broader public transport policy issues, and the paper concludes that the model does provide a useful method of forecasting public transport demand at a strategic level. Further work is needed, however, to establish more accurate forecasts for different types of passenger and studies are now being undertaken to establish these and to construct an operational forecasting model that can be applied with only limited data requirements     

Carbon emission from urban passenger transportation in Beijing

Urban passenger transport significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions, especially in developing countries owing to the rapid motorization, thus making it an important target for carbon reduction. This article established a method to estimate and analyze carbon emission from urban passenger transport including cars, rail transit, taxis and buses. The scope of research was defined based on car registration area, transport types and modes, the stages of rail transit energy consumption. The data availability and gathering were fully illustrated. A city level emission model for the aforementioned four modes of passenger transport was formulated, and parameters including emission factor of electricity and fuel efficiency were tailored according to local situations such as energy structure and field survey. The results reveal that the emission from Beijing’s urban passenger transport in 2012 stood at 15 million tonnes of CO₂, of which 75.5% was from cars, whereas car trip sharing constitutes only 42.5% of the total residential trips. Bus travel, yielding 28.6 g CO₂, is the most efficient mode of transport under the current situations in terms of per passenger kilometer (PKM) emission, whereas car or taxi trips emit more than 5 times that of bus trips. Although a decrease trend appears, Beijing still has potential for further carbon reduction in passenger transport field in contrast to other cities in developed countries. Development of rail transit and further limitation on cars could assist in reducing 4.39 million tonnes CO₂ emission.