面向腐蚀环境的自升式海洋平台桩腿时变可靠性研究

以某公司300ft自升式海洋平台桩腿为研究对象,根据平台桩腿的工作环境的波高和波浪周期对其疲劳环境工况进行划分,采用Airy波理论和PM双参数谱计算平台桩腿不同工况下所受的波浪力谱,通过ANSYS有限元软件对平台进行三维建模,分析其在波浪力下的应力响应。建立桩腿在环境载荷下的可靠性模型,同时针对当前研究中的不足,考虑到腐蚀对于桩腿可靠性的影响,提出并建立在环境载荷与腐蚀耦合作用下的桩腿时变可靠性模型,根据应力响应分析结果,分析桩腿腐蚀最严重区域构件的时变可靠性变化规律,对比两种模型下的桩腿结构可靠性,确定腐蚀因素对桩腿时变可靠性的影响。根据可靠性分析结果,结合自升式海洋平台桩腿的工作环境和服役周期,为平台桩腿的维护与保养提供一定参考。     

半潜式平台关键结构全寿期极限强度预报方法研究

文章基于逐步破坏分析法和有限元计算方法,发展了一种计及材料腐蚀、疲劳裂纹等结构损伤的半潜式海洋平台关键结构全寿期极限强度计算方法。以一服役水深为3000 m半潜式平台为研究对象,选取横撑和立柱局部结构作为研究对象,以不同服役年限下裂纹扩展长度和腐蚀厚度作为变化参数,采用ANSYS软件建立其参数化有限元模型,计算了不同服役年限下半潜式海洋平台关键结构极限强度,在此基础上分析了全寿期内关键结构极限强度随服役年限的变化规律。     

基于裂纹扩展的海洋平台疲劳可靠性分析

文章基于裂纹疲劳基本理论,针对在役导管架平台出现初始裂纹状态下结构承载力进行分析,考虑结构损伤与腐蚀等因素,建立了典型导管架平台整体结构模型和局部子模型,分析了在该工况下平台整体结构的疲劳强度,并确定了平台结构的疲劳关键部位。采用几何应力外插法计算了热点应力,基于疲劳裂纹扩展的疲劳分析方法,计算了疲劳关键节点的疲劳寿命与疲劳可靠度。该方法能够为海洋平台结构的维护和保养提供一定参考。     

半潜式平台横向开闭极限强度的时变可靠性分析

为了研究疲劳和腐蚀对半潜式平台结构极限强度可靠性的影响,文章改进了Smith方法,使之能够用于计及撑杆整体失稳的半潜式平台对开、对闭的极限强度计算;基于随机过程理论,建立计及疲劳和腐蚀作用的平台结构极限强度随机时变模型;针对某半潜式平台,建立波浪载荷和静水载荷随时间的变化模型,使用并联系统方法计算平台结构的时变可靠性,并与年度瞬时可靠性进行比较.     

平台桩腿齿条焊接裂纹的防止

齿条是自升式钻井平台桩腿结构中最重要的部件之一,它的材质一般为调质高强度热处理钢,尤其是牌号为AISI 8730钢的齿条,含碳量较高,可焊性更差,焊接热影响区硬化性能和焊接裂纹的敏感性都较高,因此防止齿条焊接裂纹的产生是自升式钻井平台桩腿施工中需解决的技术关键之一。     

桁架式桩腿RPD值控制优化

<正>自升式风电安装平台作为海上风电设施安装的主要装备,随着风场开发由浅海推进至近海深水区,其更新换代速度亦在加快,其中最主要的是桩腿形式的替换。桩腿是自升式平台中关键的组成部分,用于支撑上部船体的重量以及承受风、浪、流等环境载荷,其结构形式主要为圆柱形桩腿和桁架式桩腿。     

自升式平台桩腿的局部开孔分析

某自升式平台为安装冲桩管线需要在桩腿上开孔,因开孔位置无法避开桩腿高应力区,故需对开孔部位进行局部强度和屈曲分析.本文应用MSC/NASTRAN和ABAQUS有限元分析软件,对单根桩腿建立了详细的有限元模型,除圆柱形桩腿的外壳以外,还包括了内部纵桁、水平撑杆、桩靴细部结构以及开孔周围的加强结构等.边界条件的选取主要是基于平台整体分析得到的结果,考虑到平台主体和桩腿之间的约束变形情况,进行了适当的简化模拟.载荷考虑了自重、静水压力以及作业和自存工况下的风、浪、流载荷.为校核桩腿在整个服役期内是否满足要求,本文所建模型扣除了3mm的腐蚀余量.分析结果表明:桩腿开孔周围结构虽处于较高的应力水平,但仍在许用应力范围之内,并且桩腿的屈曲强度满足要求.     

考虑船体与桩腿间隙的自升式平台桩腿疲劳寿命评估

以作业水深为76.2m的自升式平台为例,研究桁架式老龄自升式平台桩腿疲劳寿命的评估方法.考虑桩腿和船体之间间隙非线性接触建立整体有限元模型,针对桁架式桩腿弦杆截面为非圆柱截面的特点,提出了其水动力计算和结构应力计算的有效方法.采用有限元方法计算各疲劳子工况下的动力响应,确定应力传递函数及相应的应力谱,预报平台桩腿的疲劳寿命.     

自升式平台圆柱桩腿与桩靴相交处的简化疲劳分析

研究了自升式平台圆柱桩腿与桩靴相交处结构的简化疲劳分析方法。首先建立平台整体水动力模型,计算得到基于一定概率下的波浪载荷。然后建立部分圆柱桩腿和整个桩靴的有限元模型,依据该概率下的波浪载荷计算得到桩腿与桩靴连接结构的最大热点应力范围。最后根据简化方法公式计算了此处结构在该概率下对应的许用应力范围并进行校核。该方法可为同类型结构的简化疲劳评估提供重要的参考意义。     

基于ANSYS的自升式海洋平台桩腿风暴自存工况动态响应研究

桩腿是支撑海洋钻井平台的关键构件之一,它的设计优劣直接关系到整个钻井平台的使用寿命。本课题主要对桁架式桩腿进行强度分析,在已经具有JU200自升式钻井平台的相关技术参数下,查阅相关资料,并基于Airy波和Stokes波理论确定了在风暴自存下的自升式海洋平台桩腿的风浪载荷的耦合载荷。根据桩腿的工况进行环境载荷的计算,确定和简化有限元模型的不同的边界条件,使用了ANSYS有限元分析软件及其参数化设计语言APDL对桩腿进行仿真。探讨研究自升式海洋平台桩腿工作环境载荷模拟的有效性与适用性以及自升式海洋平台桩腿结构响应模型的有效性,这对于安全评估、设计桁架式桩腿提供了一个有效的方法和工具。     

Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation under superimposed stress histories containing different frequency components with several mean stress conditions

Fatigue crack propagation behavior under superimposed stress histories containing different frequency components with several mean stress conditions was investigated. Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation based on an advanced fracture mechanics approach using the RPG (Re-tensile Plastic zone Generating) stress criterion for fatigue crack propagation was improved to extract the effective part from the applied stress history for fatigue crack propagation. The parameter, which is based on the plastic hysteresis energy consumed in the vicinity of a crack tip, was applied and implemented into the numerical simulation code of fatigue crack propagation. Fatigue crack propagation tests under various superimposed stress conditions with several mean stress conditions were performed and compared with the fatigue crack propagation histories obtained from the improved numerical simulations. These comparisons show the validity of the proposed procedure for extracting the effective stress history from the superimposed stress histories with different frequency components and mean stresses. Additionally, practical fatigue strength evaluations based on the linear cumulative fatigue damage parameter were conducted to investigate the tendency of the fatigue damage value under these stress conditions.     

考虑累积塑性的船体裂纹板变幅低周疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

船舶结构的扩展断裂失效往往是低周疲劳破坏和累积递增塑性耦合作用的结果,疲劳裂纹的扩展就是裂纹尖端前缘材料刚度不断降低、延展性不断耗失而逐渐分离的过程。基于弹塑性断裂力学理论,文章在作者对常幅载荷下提出的考虑累积塑性损伤的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率预测模型的基础上对具有单个过载峰的拉伸/压缩过载下的扩展行为进行了研究。通过低周疲劳裂纹扩展试验进一步验证了该预测模型能合理评估具有单个过载峰的拉伸/压缩过载下的低周疲劳裂纹扩展行为。     

基于SESAM软件的张力腿平台疲劳强度分析

以张力腿平台为研究对象,建立有限元模型,通过对结构进行总体强度分析,确定疲劳关键区域和关键点。然后建立关键区域的局部模型,对局部模型的网格划分方法进行研究,利用SESAM软件中的Sestra模块计算应力传递函数。最后基于Stofat模块,采用线性外推法得到疲劳关键点处的热点应力,根据S-N曲线,计算出结构的疲劳寿命。结果表明,张力腿平台的疲劳强度满足设计寿命要求。     

A reliability approach to fatigue crack propagation analysis of ship structures in polar regions

Fatigue is a common failure mode in ship structures. For structures with an initial crack, the fatigue crack propagation behavior needs to be considered. The purpose of this study is to establish a procedure for analysis of fatigue crack propagation of ship structures in combination with reliability methods. The stress intensity factor (SIF) and geometry correction factor are calculated by means of finite element analysis. Validation for the SIF calculation is achieved by comparing the computed results with those based on related solutions. Since fatigue damage usually occurs in weld areas, the effect of such components on the fatigue crack propagation behavior was also considered in this work. The Paris law in combination with the Monte Carlo technique are employed for the fatigue crack propagation analysis in this study. Reliability updating based on inspection for cracks is also carried out. A computer program was developed for the purpose of fatigue crack propagation analysis within the framework of reliability methods. An application example of fatigue crack propagation in relation to the hull of the icebreaker Xuelong 2 is presented. The sensitivity of the procedure to key analysis parameters (sample size, initial crack size) is also considered. Finally, the effect of low temperatures on the computed results is also analyzed.     

Corrosion fatigue load frequency sensitivity analysis

This paper presents experimental assessment of crack growth rates of S355J2+N steel in a corrosion fatigue environment similar to what is experienced on offshore wind farm monopile structures under various cyclic load frequencies in order to assess the effect of cyclic frequency of the applied loading within a frequency range pertinent to the structure. Fatigue crack propagation behaviour in this test programme is evaluated through fatigue tests on six compact tension test specimens in air and in laboratory simulated seawater under free corrosion condition. Fatigue crack lengths were monitored by back face strain (BFS), DCPD and ACPD. A regression model was derived through the BFS method to express strain values as a function of crack length to width ratio. The effectiveness of BFS method is particularly demonstrated in the simulated marine environment. Within the range of test frequencies, crack growth rates in simulated seawater when compared to the equivalent air test revealed environmental reduction factors of 2 and 4 at lower and higher values of stress intensity factors respectively. Significant difference in the results of the seawater test frequencies is discussed.     

考虑塑性损伤的船体裂纹板低周疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

船舶结构的扩展断裂失效往往是低周疲劳破坏和累积递增塑性破坏耦合作用的结果,疲劳裂纹的扩展就是裂纹尖端前缘材料刚度不断降低延展性不断耗失而逐渐分离的结果.基于弹塑性断裂力学理论,文章提出了考虑累积塑性损伤的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率预测模型.通过低周疲劳裂纹扩展试验拟合出模型相关材料参数并验证预测模型的合理性.通过系列有限元计算对平均应力及应力幅值的影响因素进行了数值分析.该模型的计算结果与已有实验结果基本吻合;对合理预估船体裂纹板的常幅低周疲劳裂纹扩展寿命有重要意义.     

疲劳裂纹扩展规律的正切模型

为了用解析方法合理地描述疲劳裂纹扩展的三个阶段,提出了一种新的疲劳裂纹扩展模型——正切模型。该模型驱动力使用应力强度因子幅值K,能够描述裂纹扩展的三个阶段,且只有四个参数需要确定。通过非线性拟合确定疲劳裂纹扩展正切模型中的四个参数。研究了门槛值Kth和失稳值Kf与应力比R的关系,以及四个参数对裂纹扩展速率的影响。最后比较了试验值、九参数模型和正切模型在疲劳裂纹扩展速率曲线和裂纹扩展长度变化曲线等方面的差别,发现正切模型结果与试验数据较为吻合。该模型描述的裂纹扩展长度变化曲线能够较好地用于疲劳寿命评估。