湿气管道内腐蚀直接评价方法

湿气管道内腐蚀直接评价方法(WG-ICDA)是独立的内腐蚀评价方法,不依赖智能检测器、水压试验和在线检测。在美国腐蚀工程师协会2010年颁布的"湿性天然气管道内腐蚀直接评价"标准的基础上,阐述了该方法的4个步骤,对影响WG-ICDA的关键因素进行定性分析。建议加强湿气管道内腐蚀直接评价方法的工程实际应用,有利于补充内检测方法,完善管道完整性管理,提高湿气管道内腐蚀的预防和维修水平。     

高含水集输管道内腐蚀预测与检测技术及应用

高含水油气管道内腐蚀穿孔频发,严重影响生产和环境。因此,油气管道内腐蚀的预测与检测是亟待解决的问题。常规检测耗资大,且效果差,结合美国腐蚀工程师协会内腐蚀直接评价标准和流体数值仿真技术(CFD)预测管道内腐蚀模型并与现场管道高程数据相结合,实现对高含水油气管线积水与易发内腐蚀位置的预测,针对该位置开展管体腐蚀检测,该方法在现场得到成功应用。通过现场检测数据来验证和修正预测模型,为解决高含水油气管道内腐蚀提供一种方法。     

基于ECDA的埋地钢质管道合于使用评价应用研究

文中通过对某管道应用间接检测,对发现的缺陷开挖验证,进而实施合于使用评价,介绍了应用外腐蚀直接评价(ECDA)开展埋地钢制管道合于使用评价的典型过程及实际应用意义,同时介绍了合于使用评价软件的流程,展望了合于使用评价在埋地钢制管道安全运行中的应用。     

液体石油管道内腐蚀直接评价方法

基于美国腐蚀工程师协会提出的液体石油管道内腐蚀直接评价标准,介绍了适用于该种管道的腐蚀直接评价方法,并阐述了该方法的4个步骤,即预评价、间接检测、详细检查和后评价.运用油水流型预测、管道积水情况分布以及固体夹带与沉降3个方面的模型来确定腐蚀的具体位置和数量,并考虑了破乳、微生物腐蚀和杀菌剂、固体成分以及局部流动条件下对...     

埋地钢质管道ECDA检测定量评价指标的确定

外腐蚀直接评价技术(ECDA)在外检测工程实践应用中,因为没有定量的评价指标而难以对防腐层缺陷进行准确的评价.文中按照ECDA的技术思想,通过数据统计分析确定初步准则,再根据直接检查结果对初步准则进行修正,提出了确定ECDA检测定量评价指标的原则和方法,并给出了示例.通过在检测工程实践中的应用,证明该方法能够准确评价防腐层缺陷的真实状况,为管道完整性管理提供科学的决策依据.     

长输天然气管道内腐蚀直接评价应用研究

文中基于标准规定和研究成果，论证了气质工况参数、高后果区与风险评价结果等输入数据对长输天然气管道内腐蚀直接评价结果有重要影响；针对丘陵地区某天然气长输管道，用PipePhase软件进行多相流模拟计算开展间接评价预测，并对预测内腐蚀敏感管段进行了直接检测，验证了ICDA的有效性。应用实例分析表明，针对部分长输管道，仅依据临界倾角分析不能确定需直接检测的内腐蚀敏感度点，应进一步开展多相流动分析，为更高效地开展长输天然气管道内腐蚀直接评价提出了建议。     

外腐蚀直接评价方法在某高压管道中的应用

将NACE提出的外腐蚀直接评价方法（ECDA）应用于某工厂的高压乙烯管道外腐蚀评价.从总体上看,ECDA法可用于国内埋地压力管道的外腐蚀检测.ECDA方法适用的关键要素在于预评价阶段能否收集到管道的准确、全面的数据,提出了需增补对管道占压情况、未进入实施检测管段等调查内容,并合理地参照国内相关标准与最新科研成果,采用合适的现场数据记录表格和专业的埋地钢质管道腐蚀防护综合评价系统软件等。     

埋地钢质管道腐蚀防护系统综合评价技术

在详细分析影响埋地钢质管道腐蚀影响因素的基础上,建立了基于模糊评判理论的埋地钢质管道腐蚀防护状况综合评价模型。通过合理选取影响管道腐蚀的典型因素,依据一定的分级评价标准,建立评价集。利用层次分析法和灰色关联分析理论确定影响因素的权重大小,通过隶属函数法建立单因素评价矩阵,实现对各影响因素的模糊化处理。在综合考虑各影响因素权重的基础上,选取适当的模糊算子,通过定量分析的方法对管道的腐蚀防护状况进行评价。实践表明：评判结果与直接开挖检测结果一致,建立的模糊综合评价系统具有一定的工程应用价值和可靠性。     

PCM法在管道外防腐层检测中的原理及其应用研究

长输管道的腐蚀绝大部分为外部腐蚀,因此准确检测和评价防腐层的状况是保证管道安全运行的基础。文中介绍了用多频管中电流法(PCM)对管道防腐层破损点进行检测的原理及防腐层安全评价方法,结合PCM对广东某长输天然气管道的现场试验,验证了该方法的准确性和科学性,同时,根据现场经验,给出了PCM在使用过程中的建议与注意事项,并展望了PCM检测技术在应用中存在的不足。     

油气站场管道腐蚀检测方法及节点控制

通过引进先进的超声导波检测技术和借鉴现有标准的做法,提出了针对站场管道腐蚀缺陷、外防腐层、区域阴极保护、土壤腐蚀性、杂散电流干扰的综合检测与评价方法,建立了输油气站场管道的腐蚀检测方法体系,明确了油气站场管道腐蚀检测中的关键节点.现场应用表明：该方法体系能够帮助检测人员实现对站场管道的非开挖或局部开挖检测,帮助管理者及时掌握站场管道的腐蚀状况.     

不锈钢冷却器改造

分析了不锈钢冷却器失效原因,论述了用钛材取代不锈钢的可行性,介绍了改造方案设计及部分关键问题的处理,对类似的设备改造有一定的借鉴作用。     

A KBS application for market research advice in transport

This paper presents some results of a knowledge based system (KBS) development applied to market research (MR) issues in transport. This application represents a rule production approach to decisions associated with the definition of appropriate survey procedures for various operation‐management problems in a transport enterprise or agency. The basic idea is to provide an aid for the user (manager, student or practitioner), who is concerned with MR, but is not very familiar with this field or has some concerns over data‐gathering and the use of that information. It focuses on specific applications in the transport environment and gives the user some support in maintaining greater consistency in his (her) decisions.

The objective of this paper is to describe the system structure, to point out some important aspects and problems arising during its development and also to make some comments with respect to the further development of this and similar systems.     

The “Ubernomics” of ridesourcing: the myths and the reality

ABSTRACT

This paper looks at the economics of ridesourcing (or app-based ride-hailing) with a particular focus on the US. It brings together the rather dispersed literature on the subject focusing on the economic characteristics of the underlying industry and sets this within the broader context of transportation economics. In particular, it sorts out the realities of ridesourcing from some of myths that were perpetrated in its early days and, in many cases, still persist. It considers some of the empirical evidence that has emerged regarding the key parameters that determine the way Uber and the like operate, and the welfare implications of this, together with comments on some of the regulatory reactions to the new transportation platform. It concludes by suggesting some ways in which recent developments in economic could move forward our understanding of the industry as technologies and markets change.     

扁平链斗式捞砂船船体强度探讨

文章针对广西内河扁平链斗式捞砂船结构的特点,通过对实船进行检查与调研,结合现行国家相关规范的要求及扁平链斗式捞砂船船体强度实际问题,探讨了整改措施和一些基本的技术要求。     

建立强势派驻纪检监察机构的思考

文章针对当前反腐败工作面临的主要挑战,分析了现有派驻纪检监察管理模式中存在的不足,提出了强化派驻纪检机构反腐败工作的对策与建议。     

高速公路勘察设计招投标浅析

文章通过对高速公路勘察设计招投标过程的分析,提出了招投标中应注意的问题及完善招投标体制的几点建议。     

Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport: The Sixth International Conference,Cape Town,South Africa,September 1999 - Part 2

This paper presents an overview of some recent developments in and policy issues relating to integrated transport systems in the European Union (EU). Both goods and passenger transport systems are considered in the context of actions recently undertaken and supported by the EU. The paper considers the very general background of these systems at the EU scale and offers insights into some recent successful and promising policy, real-life, and research attainments. In addition, it attempts to identify some directions for future actions in fields such as transport policy, transport technology, transport economics and transport scenarios.     

水运交通灾害的致灾机理及应对策略

水运交通给人类带来了文明与进步,但同时也带来了交通事故、环境污染等公害,某些事故甚至已经到了灾害的程度。仅从交通安全的角度进行防范已经不够,需要从交通灾害的角度进行综合的防范。文章在提出水运交通灾害的概念基础上,构建了基于人、船、环境和管理四要素的水运交通灾害的致灾机理,改变了以前的跟随控制模式,并利用预警管理的思想,构筑了水运交通灾害的预警管理模式对策。     

Subjective well-being and travel: retrospect and prospect

Although the improvement of well-being is often an implicitly-assumed goal of many, if not most, public policies, the study of subjective well-being (SWB) and travel has so far been confined to a relatively small segment of the travel behavior community. Accordingly, one main purpose of this paper is to introduce a larger share of the community to some fundamental SWB-related concepts and their application in transportation research, with the goal of attracting others to this rewarding area of study. At the same time, however, I also hope to offer some useful reflections to those already working in this field. After discussing some basic issues of terminology and measurement of SWB, I present from the literature four conceptual models relating travel and subjective well-being. Following one of those models, I review five ways in which travel can influence well-being. I conclude by examining some challenges associated with assessing the impacts of travel on well-being, as well as challenges associated with applying what we learn to policy.

     

浅析鹿山大桥深水承台双壁钢围堰施工技术

文章以鹿山大桥深水承台双壁钢围堰施工技术为例,阐述大型桥梁深水承台双壁钢围堰的拼装方法、起吊下放方式、以及吸泥下沉、纠偏、精定位等施工工艺及施工关键技术,提出了深水承台双壁钢围堰施工中应注意的相关问题。