信息动态

<正>亚洲运煤船成索马里海盗新目标亚洲对南非煤炭的需求旺盛,将令更多船只面临索马里海盗威胁,且会进一步推高海运保险费和运费。在赎金上升的激励下,索马里海盗近月活动愈发猖獗,在印度洋和亚丁湾大肆     

索马里海盗有恃无恐

索马里附近海域被称为"世界上最危险的海域之一",海盗活动日趋猖獗。据国际海事局海盗报告中心的数据显示,索马里海盗的活动范围已从近岸延伸至距岸200海里的远海。人们不禁要问,索马里海盗为何如此猖獗?这些人又是从何而来?怎样才能有效打击海盗?     

索马里海盗日益猖獗，商船自救是根本

由于索马里政局不稳，该地区海盗活动非常猖獗，2008年以来，金融危机也导致海盗活动呈现活动范围更广、出动频率更高、劫持能力更强、素要赎金更高的特点。前期素马里海盗劫持了沙特阿拉伯油轮“天狼星号”，这艘超级油轮的体积相等于航空母舰的三倍，是索马里海盗历来劫持的最大艘轮船，充分显示索马里海盗的活动能力和信心都有了很大提升。     

“涉猎”海域范围渐趋扩大 海盗近期劣迹一览

11月23日在英国伦敦举行的第26届国际海事组织大会上。各国代表对海盗现象日益猖獗深感担忧。纷纷呼吁加强国际合作。打击海盗现象。自2008年以来，索马里海盗活动十分猖獗。严重威胁着海上人命和财产的安全。尽管国际社会为打击索马里海盗活动采取了一系列措施。但海盗劫持事件仍然不断。海盗活动日趋频繁，“涉猎”海域范围也渐趋扩大。     

索马里海盗问题对我国航运界的影响

尽管索马里海盗问题得到了国际社会的高度重视,并出台了一系列的预防和惩治措施,但由于这些措施并未从根本上解决海盗问题,海盗活动仍然层出不穷。文中主要分析了海盗问题对我国航运界的实际影响,并给出了相关的建议。     

打击索马里海盗的法律规制研究

根据国际海事局海盗活动报告中心发布的年度调查报告,2010年是1991年以来全球海盗活动最猖獗的一年,而且92%的劫船事件都发生在索马里附近海域。索马里海盗问题不仅干扰了正常的国际贸易还威胁着各国     

索马里海盗问题对中国的影响

<正>尽管已有多国在联合国授权下进入索马里海域打击海盗,但由于未从根本上改变索马里国内严峻的生存状况,所以仍有大批当地人从事海盗活动。索马里海盗问题也给我国的海上安全、船东及保险人等带来了诸多影     

海盗处置问题研究

当前,海盗问题日益突出,尤其是2009年以来东非索马里地区海盗猖獗,给航运经济发展带来了重大损失,引起国际社会的高度关注.2010年海盗事件依然频发,索马里海盗的活动范围扩大至印度洋,且装备更完备,组织更严密.     

亚丁湾及索马里海盗区航行的安全保障

自2008年开始,途经亚丁湾及索马里海域的船舶频繁遭到索马里海盗的袭击或劫持,海盗活动已经对国际航运、海上贸易和海上安全构成严重威胁。笔者曾驾驶船舶在武装保安员的护送下安全通过这两个海盗区,通过介绍一些航行经验与同行交流、探讨,希望能够提供一些有益的借鉴。     

船舶遭劫持与船员国籍的非关联性探析

文中在分析索马里海域状况和索马里海盗袭击商船的历史和现状的基础上,对国际海事组织(IMO)和国际海事局(IMB)提供的有关索马里地区调查数据进行了分析,尤其是对被海盗所劫持船舶的船员构成作了详细的分析,并由此证明船员国籍和船舶劫持之间是否存在某种关系,船员是否会因为种族或者文化的原因更容易(或不容易)成为索马里海盗的受害者等。论文的研究为认识海盗的真实原因和采取对海盗的打击和预防措施提供了依据。     

亚丁湾附近海域海盗犯罪的特点、成因及对策研究

近期，亚丁湾海域及索马里沿海海盗犯罪成为此海域海上安全的严重威胁。在认清当前海盗犯罪的特点及其成因的基础上，船方必须采取相应的防范和应急处理措施，确保船舶和船员生命安全。     

Piracy off West Africa from 2010 to 2014: an analysis

Piracy is one of the most frequent maritime threats. However, despite the importance of how maritime piracy is to be reduced, it is substantially less investigated than maritime safety. Piracy off Somalia is the most investigated case of piracy, but those results are not necessarily generalizable. Piracy off West Africa has been shown to be more diverse, successful and dangerous. This study investigates and analyses piracy off West Africa with the aim to understand how different operations and security measures affect the consequences of piracy. This study has identified several different intents and shows that most attacks are relatively close to shore and correspond to areas of high ship density. Attacks with the intent of theft at night-time are generally performed close to shore, and more complicated attacks against ships under way are more common during daytime and farther from shore. Five types of measures are found to have high effectiveness if the attack is detected during approach; after boarding, only two measures have high effectiveness. Of the effective measures, it can be concluded that all but one are dependent on detecting the attack. Therefore, detecting the pirates is key but must be accompanied by a set of measures because no measure alone can protect a ship given the operational conditions off West Africa. The risks associated with piracy off West Africa are estimated to be of the same magnitude as the risks posed by Somali piracy at its peak.     

A study of the role of seafarers in combating piracy off the coast of Nigeria

Piracy off the coast of Nigeria portends grave danger to the economic, security, and sociopolitical development of the country. It also threatens both international and regional trade as well as the stability of the West African sub-region. Despite Nigerian government’s attempts to curb piracy caused by poverty, unemployment, including corrupt and weak maritime regulatory and security institutions, attacks by pirates have continued to occur off the country’s coast. Consequent upon the adverse effects of piratical attacks on their day to day activities, seafarers can facilitate the suppression of piracy off the Nigerian coast. This paper uses statistics, provisions of international instruments and domestic legislations, the United Nations Security Council resolutions, soft laws, and opinions of researchers to examine the nature, causes, and effects of piracy on seafarers in Nigeria. The author argues that seafarers are necessary partners to curb piracy off the coast of Nigeria through enforcing maritime security conventions and other related instruments as well as testifying against pirates during trials. In conclusion, this paper contends that acts of piracy adversely affect crew members’ life, health, family, job, and finance thereby providing an overwhelming motivation for seafarers to play a role in suppressing piracy off the Nigerian coast.     

Piracy, navies and the law of the Sea: the case of Somalia

This contribution concentrates on the legal aspects of piracy and tries to explain some of the practical problems which modern navies experience in their fight against piracy and maritime violence off Somalia. The UN Law of the Sea Convention of 1982 provides a traditional though largely deficient set of rules for control and counter measures. Modern legal instruments such as the SUA Convention of 1988 as amended, recent resolutions of the UN Security Council and regional treaties try to fill the loopholes. Against this background the paper discusses e. g. the law of boarding and investigation of suspicious vessels, the arrest and penal prosecution of criminals and the right of self-defence in case of an imminent attack. The international mandates and the national rules of engagement in which the navies operate reflect these ambiguities that result in a loss of momentum. After all piracy is not an act of war, but a crime. In conclusion apolitical solution on land is indispensable as the navies and coast guards can only fight the symptoms and not the causes of crime and unrest in a failed State.     

Old laws for new risks at sea: mineral resources, climate change, sea lanes, and cables

Maritime security in a broad sense means more than piracy and terrorism. This paper concentrates on the risk potential of current and future resource-related activities on the seabed. The seabed mining of hard mineral resources??in addition to hydrocarbons??leads to new controversial maritime boundary claims of states in their effort to expand national access rights to raw materials. Outer continental shelf claims in the Arctic Ocean are today's test bench for law of the sea conflicts. Fiber-optic cables running through regional seas, straits, and land bridges may become another risky issue, while the pattern of maritime transport routes is moving from Northern to Southern waters. Under a medium-term perspective, the sea level rise will endanger ports and coasts. Borderlines of maritime zones will move and thus generate more injustice and conflicts among states. The tools to solve borderline conflicts and options for dispute settlement are available in UNCLOS. Some other legal gaps are covered by the 2005 SUA Convention and by bilateral agreements, while resolutions by the UN Security Council begin to broaden rights of intervention and interdiction. The need for new laws remains.     

Introduction to the special issue on maritime security

The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 heightened awareness about the vulnerability of all modes of transportation to terrorist attack. The issue of maritime security has therefore become a major concern in the international maritime sector over the past several years. Globalization has led to a strong growth in seaborne trade; however, it simultaneously increases vulnerability to not only terrorism but also international criminal activities that threaten the world's supply chain. For example, in 2008, the rise in piracy activities in the Gulf of Aden brought the issue of maritime security to the forefront of international debate. In addition to the direct impact on ships, crews and cargoes, and on the maritime industry and governments, piracy also threatens global seaborne trade, and has an impact on energy security and the environment [UNCTAD, 2009, Review of Maritime Transport 2009 (New York: United Nations)]. Maritime piracy can pose substantial risks to seaborne trades, with considerable commodities, ranging between raw materials and energy to high-value manufactured products, being shipped between global economic powerhouses [FU, X. W., NG, A. K. Y., LAU, Y. Y., forthcoming, The impacts of maritime piracy on global economic development: The case of Somalia. Maritime Policy and Management]. Maritime security management, including the definition of security, maritime risk assessment, security measures, the regulation and policy of maritime security in shipping and port-related business operations has been receiving growing attention, both in practice and research.     

积极应对海盗侵袭 呼吁国际社会共同努力——马士基集团采取各种措施抗击海盗

针对海盗带来的严峻挑战,A.P.穆勒-马士基集团制定全面的"最佳管理规范"和程序,修改货船航行亚丁湾及索马里离岸海域的新标准,参与抗击海盗袭击演习,推出"战情室",坚持自己抵御海盗袭击的政策,最大程度地保障船员和船只安全。     

The international legal instruments in addressing piracy and maritime terrorism: A critical review

This paper critically reviews four international legal instruments in addressing piracy and maritime terrorism - UNCLOS, SUA, PSI and the ISPS Code. Piracy on high seas is currently becoming key tactics of terrorist groups - many of today's pirates are also terrorists with ideological bents and a broad political agenda. The intertwining of piracy and maritime terrorism poses substantial risks for global markets, understanding that much of the world's energy and cargoes being shipped through pirate-infested regions like Southeast Asia. Through investigating the contributions and limitations of the stated instruments, several constructive recommendations are offered to improve their effectiveness in controlling and deterring piracy and maritime terrorism from threatening the well-being of the maritime industries in the post-2008 world.     

索马里海盗现状及应对策略

索马里海盗劫持船舶行为给世界航运市场带来了巨大考验,造成了船期的巨大浪费、营运成本的大量增加和船员生命安全的严重威胁。如何提高船舶抵御海盗袭击、劫持的能力成为当今一项极为紧迫的课题。文中介绍了索马里海盗的现状特点并阐述了国际社会应对索马里海盗的策略。