Two parametric tropical cyclone models for storm surge modeling

In this paper,the two parametric tropical cyclone models for storm surge modeling are further developed.The analytical expressions of tangential and radial velocity distribution are derived from the governing momentum equations,based on the general symmetric pressure distribution proposed by Holland and Fujita.On the basis of the data of several tropical cyclones that occurred in East China Ocean,the shape parameter in pressure model is estimated.Finally,the Fred cyclone(typhoon 199417)is calculated,and comparisons of measured and calculated air pressures and wind speed are presented.     

风暴潮增水和台风浪联合分布在北仑港中的应用

通过台风期间北仑港实测潮位、波浪资料统计分析,研究台风期间风暴潮增水特性和统计规律,采用概率统计理论研究风暴潮增水和波浪的相关性,建立风暴潮增水与波高的联合分布,提出考虑风暴潮影响的设计潮位、波浪组合的推算方法。     

台风"莎莉嘉"过境期间某泻湖内波浪特征分析

通过在某岛礁泻湖内布置ADCP波流测量仪器,采集到2016年21号台风"莎莉嘉"期间的波浪数据.结合布置在泻湖口处风速仪的风实测数据,本文对该时间段内的波浪特征进行分析.由波浪统计数据分析发现有义波高随时间的变化趋势与风速的变化趋势高度重合;谱峰周期的变化则要晚于风速的变化;谱峰方向在台风起主导作用期间与风向高度一致.通过分析多个无因次参数以及对风浪和涌浪进行分离发现测点与台风中心距离开始变大的这个时间点有着重要的意义.在该时间点,波长开始变长,波浪由无限水深波浪转变为有限水深波浪.一些波浪特征值,比如谱峰周期、a/L,也发生比较大的变化.此后在七级风半径不再覆盖测点时,该处波浪由风浪转变为涌浪.对波浪谱进行分析发现,在台风主导期间,其谱为单峰谱,其余时间则为双峰谱.     

基于WRF-SWAN模式的韦帕台风波浪场模拟

为获取更为准确的台风过程波浪模拟结果,将中尺度大气模式WRFD海面以上10 m处风速资料作为驱动风场提供给第三代海浪模式SWAN进行波浪计算,模拟了0713号"韦帕"台风的波浪场过程。模拟和实测资料比较结果表明WRF模式能较好地模拟韦帕台风过程,给SWAN模型提供高精度风场资料,WRF-SWAN模式能够较好模拟韦帕台风过程中海浪的演化和传播。     

波浪与潮汐耦合模拟技术研究

波浪与潮汐耦合模拟技术相关研究,可为沿海防灾体系建设、灾害评估、预警及应对等提供技术支撑,对预防和减轻沿海台风暴潮和台风浪灾害具有重要的意义。回顾风暴潮和波浪物理模型试验的研究成果,分析波浪与潮汐耦合模拟的最新研究进展和发展趋势,通过将连续的风暴潮水位变化过程与加密离散后的波浪过程进行叠加,用造波机和生潮设备连续生潮造波的方法,在水槽中实现了潮位和波浪的同步变化,从而在实验室中实现波浪与潮汐的耦合模拟,并将之应用于模拟实例。     

两次气旋影响风暴潮过程的天气学特征分析

滨海新区风暴潮灾害日益频繁,在统计历史风暴潮及强增水个例的过程中发现了一些规律。主要结论:两次过程在发生风暴潮最高潮位之前的一个天文低潮位时增水出现激增的现象。两次过程高空形势都是一槽两脊。地面形势为江淮地区锋生形成闭合气旋。两次过程气旋移动路径非常相似,均由江苏境内北上,沿山东沿海向东北登陆朝鲜半岛。两次过程增水的激增也都与气旋北移有密切关系。塘沽站与成山头站海平面气压差与增水有较好的相关性。     

Field data observations for monitoring the impact of typhoon “In-fa” on dynamic performances of mono-pile offshore wind turbines: A novel systematic study

For offshore structures such as offshore wind turbines (OWT), typhoon is usually considered one of the most critical threats to structural safety performances and service life due to its heavy wind, wave, and even coexisted storm surge. Meanwhile, it is challenging to obtain the systematic data from the environmental conditions, structural dynamic vibrations and the SCADA record, when typhoon passes by the offshore wind farm. Taking into account these situations, a real-time multi-source monitoring system enabling the investigation of the typhoon impact on the performances of OWT, has been firstly established and implemented to a 4.0 MW mono-pile OWT in Rudong, Jiangsu, China. One of the major contributions in this work is to develop the monitoring system using a unique environment of real-world data that has been synchronously obtained from waves, winds, vibrational accelerations, inclinations of towers and SCADA data during the typhoon “In-fa” passing by the wind farm, and provide the scientific community with the underlying standards and technical recommendations. To investigate the influence caused by “In-fa”, comparison results of the measured data in the range of June to August have been analysed. It is worth noting that two conclusions have been obtained: (1) the region near the nacelle is not always the most critical vibrational area. Actually, the change of the maximum structural response in the position under different external loads should be applied to effectively evaluate the structural safety; (2) the measured accelerations exhibit an obvious decay process in the presence of the turbine rotor-stop, but not the yaw rigid-body motion. This observation promotes the accurate identification of modal parameters for the long-term monitoring. Consequently, these valuable findings to facilitate the assessment of structural operational conditions have been developed into two guide-lines. All the data and analyses presented in this paper provide a valuable insight into the design, energy efficiency, safety monitoring and damage diagnosis of OWT structures.     

边界适应曲线网格在天文潮、风暴潮数值模拟中的应用

采用曲线坐标系下的准三维近岸流波流耦合数值模型,采用边界适应曲线计算网格和两层嵌套方法,设计一套简单实用的天文潮预报系统,并引入风场以及考虑天文潮和风暴潮之间非线性作用的开边界水位,对2003年渤海发生的一次温带风暴潮进行模拟,计算结果与实测潮位吻合较好。     

登陆台风对长江口口门水域的影响

针对登陆台风对长江口口门水域产生的影响问题,采用统计学方法对3次登陆台风期间现场采集的长序列定点观测资料进行系统分析。结果表明,台风登陆后有效波周期减小至常态天气水平,未出现长周期涌浪;台风登陆前水位抬升,最大增水与最大有效波高均出现在登陆前高潮时;台风登陆前有效波高在2 m以上时,波浪对口门处由南向北的横向流速分量起到抑制作用;其他时段,口门处由南向北的横向流速分量变化与涨潮过程一致。     

科学利用气象传真图分析判断台风路径

热带风暴、台风是影响船舶航行与海上没施作业安全的重大灾害性天气。在现场利用气象传真图分析判断热带风暴、台风的移动路径，将预报图和高空实况图结合起来进行连续科学分析，相互印证，对采取正确的避台风措施，保证人员、船舶安全和海洋防灾减灾具有非常重要的意义。     

中国内海台风浪传播和演化过程数值模拟

基于波作用量守恒方程建立我国内海台风浪生成与传播的模型。用谱峰周期来界定涌浪,通过对全区域的典型台风浪过程的模拟计算,分析了内海台风浪时、空分布特征和演化过程。研究表明:台风登陆后,从能量扩散速度判断,应经历能量由高频向低频转化的过程(易形成长周期波浪),均可传播到渤海海域。生成长周期波浪后,波能衰减速度显著减慢,长周期波浪可在我国北方海域生存2 d以上。涌浪在台风登陆之后的传播速度很快,为50～60 km/h,涌浪传播速度在我国内海可以达到台风中心运动速度的2倍左右。     

浙江苍南海域水文泥沙环境及冲淤演变分析

通过现场大量实测水文泥沙及地形资料,对浙江苍南海域的水动力条件及泥沙环境进行了研究。研究结果表明,该海域潮汐动力强、受台风影响频繁,工程临近大片河口浅滩,水体含沙量较高。因此,应尽量减小防波堤内港池的无用水域面积,以减少进港的纳潮水体和沙量。另外,为减少台风及风暴引起的骤淤,对航道进行一定的整治是十分必要的。     

基于台风浪后报模型的外海重现期波浪要素分析

选用Jelesnianski(1965)热带气旋经验风场模式模拟台风场,采用基于动谱平衡方程的SWAN模型模拟台风浪,对1951—2010年我国东南沿海可能产生较大影响的台风浪进行了推算。在良好的风、浪验证基础上,基于台风浪数值后报结果,将波高数据进行回归分析,通过对广东沿海外海波要素计算结果与实测资料对比,结果表明两者吻合良好,可为海区内工程提供较好的参考。     

海上风电场风机桩基局部冲刷计算

建设海上风电场时,风机所处的海洋环境十分复杂,在风、浪、流等气象水文要素的影响下,风机桩基周围会出现冲刷坑,进而影响风机基础的稳定。因此,风机桩基的局部冲刷深度是工程设计的重要参数。采用埕岛油田海洋平台桩基局部冲刷现场观测资料,对国内常用的2个计算桩基局部冲刷深度的经验公式(韩海骞公式和王汝凯公式)进行验证,运用波流合成速度代替纯潮流速度。结果表明该海域波浪对泥沙的作用不可忽略。韩海骞公式重新计算的结果与实测值吻合良好。     

Influence of model domain size,wind directions and Ekman transport on storm surge development inside the Chesapeake Bay: A case study of extratropical cyclone Ernesto, 2006

The Chesapeake Bay is vulnerable to severe flooding caused by hurricanes and strong Northeasters. A 3D storm surge model of the Chesapeake Bay is developed for studying the impact of model domain size, wind directions and Ekman transport on the storm surge in the Chesapeake Bay. The model encompasses the Chesapeake Bay and the US East Coast shelf to reduce the influence of model domain size on surge prediction inside the Chesapeake Bay and to account for both local and remote wind effects. This study used 3D model experiments, with respect to different wind directions, to diagnose the relative influences of the local and remote wind effects and Ekman transport on spatial surge distribution during storm events. The model results confirmed that spatial surge distribution can be well explained by the superposition of two distinct physically driven mechanisms during a storm event: incoming surge wave caused by remote effects and local wind forcings. A large model domain is a necessity for predicting storm surge accurately inside the Chesapeake Bay. The model results suggest that the interactions of the incoming surge propagating into the Bay and the local wind forcing from N and NE directions result in an enhanced setup in the lower to middle portions of the Bay, whereas the superposition of incoming surge and the local wind forcing from S and SE directions enhance the surge in the upper Bay region. A combined northwesterly wind over the middle to upper portions of the Bay and southwesterly wind over the lower Bay can cause a large setdown throughout the entire Bay. The Ekman setup along the coast contributes significantly to the water level variations during storm events. It enhances (reduces) surge inside the Bay under the wind forcings from N and NE (SW, S, and SE) directions.     

风暴潮浪与深水结构物相互作用研究综述

文章综合阐述了国内外关于风暴潮数值模拟的研究现状、深水结构的主要结构型式以及风暴潮浪与深水结构物相互作用的计算方法等,为风暴潮浪作用下深水结构的安全性计算研究提供参考。     

瓯江口航道淤积特征分析

根据实测水文泥沙和水深图资料,对瓯江口航道的淤积特征进行了分析.研究结果表明:工程海区潮汐属于正规半日潮类型,为强潮海区;工程海区潮流性质属于不规则半日浅海潮流,潮流运动呈往复流形式;航道水域范围多年来总体上处于0 m浅滩水域略有淤积、0 m下深槽略有冲刷,总体呈现略有冲淤变化的平衡状态;瓯江航道泥沙淤积主要发生在汛期...     

强台风地区大跨度仓储结构优化设计方案

针对强台风地区大跨度仓储结构压型金属板屋面系统易被台风破坏的问题,对网架、门式刚架、混凝土框架及其相应的屋面设计方案在强台风地区集装箱码头拆装箱仓库设计中的优劣进行比较。结果表明,以网架板做屋面系统的网架结构设计方案同时具有抗台风能力强、适用跨度大、造价较低且施工质量易得到保证等优点,是强台风地区最具竞争力的大跨度仓储结构设计方案。     

SWAN和MOHID联合模型在连云港港30万吨级航道建设中的应用

根据连云港海域的特点,建立能考虑风浪影响的三维潮流、泥沙数学模型,对真实的"韦帕"台风作用下的潮流场和泥沙场进行模拟,力求更合理地反映近岸泥沙运动规律。数学模型计算得到的流场、含沙量场和航道回淤结果与现场实测资料进行验证,二者吻合较好。在此基础上,对连云港港30万吨级航道在"韦帕"台风作用下的回淤情况进行了预测,给出了航道的沿程淤强分布,为航道的设计提供依据。     

漂浮式潮流电站系泊系统疲劳性能预报(英文)

As a kind of clean and renewable energy,tidal current energy is becoming increasingly popular all over the world with the shortage of energy and environmental problems becoming more and more severe.A floating tidal current power station is a typical type of tidal current power transformers which can sustain the loads of wind,waves,and current,and even the extreme situation of a typhoon.Therefore,the mooring system must be reliable enough to keep the station operating normally and to survive in extreme situations.The power station examined in this paper was installed at a depth of 40 m.A 44 mm-diameter R4-RQ4 chain was chosen,with a 2 147 kN minimum break strength and 50 kN pretension.Common studless link chain was used in this paper.Based on the Miner fatigue cumulative damage rule,S-N curves of chains,and MOSES software,a highly reliable mooring system was designed and analyzed.The calculation results show that the mooring system designed is reliable throughout a 10-year period.It can completely meet the design requirements of American Petroleum institution(API).Therefore,the presented research is significant for advancing the design of this kind of power station.