多功能施工平台在恶劣环境荷载下结构动力响应

自升式多功能施工平台结构刚度小,受近海大波浪、长周期涌浪等恶劣荷载影响,结构动力响应剧烈。结合线性化的莫里森方程和随机波浪理论,以自升式多功能施工平台为原型,利用ANSYS有限元软件分别对平台模型进行了模态分析和瞬态动力响应分析,得到了平台结构的频率特性和振动特性,为平台的安全性和可靠性评估,以及如何控制平台结构的振动响应提供了理论基础。     

船用膜片联轴器的膜片组件简化建模方法及模态试验

针对船用膜片联轴器的膜片组件螺栓连接的复杂性问题,基于薄层单元法对膜片组件的有限元模型进行简化,提出一种新型简化建模方法——结构分割法。对模型静刚度进行计算,确定结构分割法中结合面单元的弹性模量和泊松比。该方法相较于传统的薄层单元法计算效率更高。将结构分割法模型的模态仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,结果表明,结构分割法模态分析得到的振型与试验测得的前三阶振型吻合较好,固有频率误差均在10%之内,验证简化模型仿真的正确性,可为船用膜片组件结合部动力学快速有效建模提供思路。     

船舶辅机的隔振设计及船体耦合振动分析

为了减小船舶的振动与噪声,对某船用空压机组进行了浮筏隔振装置的设计,其中包括隔振参数的确定以及筏体结构的设计等。通过建立隔振系统的有限元模型,分析了该系统的动力学特性,包括振动模态、振动传递率以及对于冲击的响应。为了揭示实船隔振系统的规律,将空压机组浮筏装置的有限元模型拓展到全船,分析了隔振装置装船后的耦合振动模态,讨论了船舶结构的振动对浮筏系统隔振效果以及冲击响应的影响。在此基础上,探讨了提高船舶辅机浮筏隔振系统动力学性能的途径。     

Hydroelastic analysis of a rectangular plate subjected to slamming loads

A hydroelastic analysis of a rectangular plate subjected to slamming loads is presented. An analytical model based on Wagner theory is used for calculations of transient slamming load on the ship plate. A thin isotropic plate theory is considered for determining the vibration of a rectangular plate excited by an external slamming force. The forced vibration of the plate is calculated by the modal expansion method. Analytical results of the transient response of a rectangular plate induced by slamming loads are compared with numerical calculations from finite element method. The theoretical slamming pressure based on Wagner model is applied on the finite element model of a plate. Good agreement is obtained between the analytical and numerical results for the structural deflection of a rectangular plate due to slamming pressure. The effects of plate dimension and wave profile on the structural vibration are discussed as well. The results show that a low impact velocity and a small wetted radial length of wave yield negligible effects of hydroelasticity.     

组合波阻技术的波动力响应矩阵分析法及其特性研究

基于有限元思想,综合运用波分析法和阻抗法,提出了波阻元件阻抑结构声传递的波动力响应矩阵分析法。将结构离散为多个波导单元和波阻单元,根据连接节点的位移连续,力与力矩平衡,建立附加波阻元件的结构连接广义波动力响应平衡方程,推导出波单元波动力响应特征矩阵及波阻元件附加波动响应特征矩阵,并代入波动力响应平衡方程求解得到波单元的振动幅值,从而求得传递效率与损失。运用该方法对阻振质量,粘弹性夹层以及动力吸振器的波阻特性进行了数值分析。最后,重点分析了组合波阻技术的波阻特性。研究表明,根据不同类型波阻元件的波阻特性,进行科学的组合与优化布置,并选择合理的设计参数,能显著提高组合波阻元件的阻抑效果。以上研究为组合波阻元件的声学设计提供了分析方法及新的控制策略,在舰船等结构减振降噪中具有重要的理论意义与工程应用价值。     

含分层损伤复合材料层合板声激励下振动特性研究

本文通过对含厚度方向不同位置椭圆分层层合板结构动力分析,讨论平面声波激励对结构动力响应特性的影响,基于分层损伤结构变形特点,将含损伤层合板的基板和上下子板采用Mindlin板单元离散,而分层损伤区以虚拟连接单元模拟,根据耗散能的计算确定结构的模态阻尼特征,建立含损伤层合板的振动响应函数的有限元分析方法,用算例验证模型的可信性,在0-1000Hz范围内,计算了含厚度方向不同位置椭圆分层损伤层合板结构的固有频率、模态阻尼和幅频响应与相频响应,依据计算结果分析了分层损伤对动力特性的影响,有益于进一步对分层损伤建立识别模式.     

随机波浪载荷作用下深水自升式海洋平台动力响应分析

基于有限元方法,建立了深水自升式海洋平台的数学模型。结合线性化的莫里森方程和随机波浪理论,采用谱分析方法计算随机波浪栽荷。以某典型深水自升式海洋平台为原型,利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了平台的有限元模型。在此基础上,对平台结构分剐进行了的模态分析和动力响应分析,分析得到了平台的频率特性和动力特性。     

膜盘联轴器减振机理分析

将膜盘联轴器简化为多杆模型,基于动态响应特性进行参数等效,建立并求解模型的波动方程。从支反力做功的角度分析膜盘联轴器的减振机理。利用有限元软件进行数值计算,验证数值仿真结果与理论解的一致性。     

液压销孔式升降系统结构分析

升降系统是自升式风电安装船的核心设备，其结构稳定性是其平台和桩腿顺利实现升降的保证。本文以某自升式风电安装船的液压销孔式升降系统为研究对象，采用有限元方法建立其部件的结构模型，给出结构分析的载荷及边界条件，并运用有限元分析软件Ansys对各工况下的受力与变形进行求解,对计算结果进行分析和评估。研究结论为升降系统的设计与制造提供了理论指导，并为此类结构受力的设计计算提供参考。     

铺板连接结构减振设计分析

为控制机械振动向船体结构传递,基于不均质结构振动隔离原理,对铺板连接结构进行减振设计。采用有限元方法建立各设计方案的计算模型,进行激励源在铺板不同位置工况下的动响应分析,对比各方案的减振效果并开展缩比模型试验。分析结果表明,U形连接结构对抑制振动从铺板向圆柱壳体传递效果较好;适当减小连接板厚度,减振效果呈增加的趋势。缩比模型测试结果显示,U形连接结构在2 Hz～4 kHz频段有大于4dB的减振效果,仿真计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

集装箱船振动及响应分析

介绍了模态频率响应有限元计算方法的基本理论,以多用途集装箱船为目标船,通过建立全船三维有限元模型,用频率响应法得到船体结构的振动响应.文中还讨论了激励与响应关系、水动质量、阻尼、频率响应计算有效频率数选取等问题,以精确预报船体结构振动及响应.本文采用的分析计算方法对目标船结构振动及响应预报值,与实船试验数据具有很好的一致性.     

管路系统低噪声弹性支撑安装研究

弹性支撑是减小管路系统噪声源向船体结构传递的主要措施,但安装数量较多且受安装条件限制,部分管路支撑直接与船体结构相连,导致弹性支撑也是振动传递的重要途径.本文利用Abaqus有限元软件计算单位激励下管路系统各弹性支撑点的频率响应特性,分析了弹性支撑安装间距、刚度及位置等因素对管路振动噪声特性的影响,提出管路系统弹性支撑的低噪声安装方法,为舰船管路系统弹性支撑设计提供了重要依据.     

Research on short-term dynamic ice cases for dynamic analysis of ice-resistant jacket platform in the Bohai Gulf

Jacket platforms in the Bohai Gulf are often victims of random ice-induced vibrations. Their design originally did not account for dynamic ice loading on the jacket structures and significant ice-induced vibrations have been observed during winters. So it is urgent to find out as to how to consider the dynamic ice loading in the design stage of an ice-resistant jacket platform in the Bohai Gulf. In this paper, based on the state-of-art developments of dynamic ice load and ice–structure interaction, the authors proposed two different approaches to determine the short-term dynamic ice cases for dynamic analysis of ice-resistant jacket platform in the Bohai Gulf, named as the failure probability-based approach and the expected loss-based approach. Considering the variation of the ice environments and the variability of ice-resistant structure's properties, the random ice spectrum and the pseudo-excitation method (PEM) are employed to improve the efficiency of the procedure. Through finite element method (FEM) modeling of the real ice-resistant jacket platforms in the Bohai Gulf, such as MSW, MUQ and NW, the characteristics of the two proposed approaches have been investigated and compared. This paper provides an open and universal framework to assist designers and owners for determining the short-term dynamic ice cases in the Bohai Gulf, in which more information can be considered in the procedure to update and modify the results if available.     

船舶水下辐射噪声计算评估方法及应用

本文采用有限元(FEM)和边界元(BEM)相结合的方法对船舶水下辐射噪声进行研究。首先根据船舶的实际情况建立三维结构有限元模型,包括船体结构、压载、主要动力设备及其隔振方式等,然后结合实船测试的柴油发电机组、推进电机机脚振动和轴系中间支撑基座振动数值,及船模试验得到的螺旋桨脉动压力,计算获得流固耦合下结构的响应,最后将船体外壳水线以下结构响应作为约束条件,通过边界元的方法对水下辐射噪声进行计算和分析。从而对船舶设计阶段水下辐射噪声初步评估方法进行修正,同时对比水下辐射噪声实船测试结果,计算准确性较高,修正后的计算评估方法能进一步提高了设计阶段水下噪声的评估精度,为船舶水下辐射噪声控制提供了依据和参考。     

基于ANSYS的透空式防波堤波浪力计算

采用文氏谱模拟芦潮港渔港的随机波浪,确定透空堤上部结构水平波浪力、桩基水平波浪力及上托力,推导计算出100 a一遇极端水位下的力谱值。继而利用有限元和动力响应基本原理,采用有限元软件ANSYS对透空堤进行数值模拟,从静力分析、模态分析和功率谱密度分析角度出发,对比挡浪板双侧受力和单侧受力的结果,得出双侧挡浪板桩基透空堤结构形式的合理性;分析各部位的安全隐患,结合静力计算结果与动力计算结果差异,为设计提供参考。     

Experimental study of the state-of-the-art offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage

An innovative offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage (FOWT-SFFC) has recently been developed by the two leading authors for offshore wind and aquaculture industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic responses of FOWT-SFFC subjected to simultaneous wind and wave actions in the harsh South China Sea environment by a series of model tests. The tests are conducted at the Tsinghua Ocean Engineering Basin with Froude scale of 1:30. In this paper, the similarity law and setup of model tests are given first. Then a series of calibration tests and identification tests are carried out to validate the capacity of wind generator and wave maker, and to identify the vibration frequencies of tower, the stiffness of mooring system, natural periods and system damping, motion response amplitude operators (RAOs) of FOWT-SFFC, and thrust-speed performance of the turbine in wave basin. After that, seakeeping tests are implemented for random waves, followed by a sequence of load cases including normal operating and extreme conditions. Constant wind speeds and random wind speeds are respectively considered in load combinations. The experimental results affirm the excellent seakeeping and dynamic performance of FOWT-SFFC. Existence of metal fish nets increases the damping of foundation's 6 degree-of-freedoms motions. Generally, the influence of nets on the dynamic responses is insignificant in wind sea states.     

基于设计波法的FLNG整船强度评估

本文采用基于设计波法的直接计算法对270 000m3的浮式液化天然气船FLNG进行整船结构强度评估.根据FLNG具体的结构形式和数值分析的最终目的将该装置的实际结构简化,选用适当类型的单元对该装置的结构进行离散而得到FLNG的整船有限元模型.基于三维势流理论并利用中国南海波浪散布图对FLNG进行水动力分析,得到了FLNG在典型装载工况下的波浪压力分布及设计波参数.通过把FLNG承受的波浪压力、惯性力、静水压力与重力等载荷分布到有限元模型上,得到FLNG在典型装载工况下全船的应力水平、应力分布和变形情况.该数值分析结果可在FLNG的初级设计阶段为船体结构强度分析提供有效分析依据,并为FLNG上部模块的设计开发提供船体变形参考.     

基于柴油机机座结构的有限元模态分析方法

利用大型通用有限元分析软件MSC.patran/Nastran,以某船用柴油机机座结构为算例,并且结合类似研究中对约束条件的讨论,进行初步的线性无阻尼模态分析.在船用柴油机机座的模态分析中常存在的局部模态无法辨识,整体模态振型无法提取的实际应用问题,因而本文分别提出模态有效质量系数以及"虚拟梁"2种技巧.通过有效质量系数来进行模态结果的筛选得出具有主要影响作用的主模态,从而剔除了局部模态.通过虚拟梁的方法提取由于局部变形而无法观察到的结构整体振型.在此基础上以期能够更加深入的进行有限元模态分析,有效地将计算数据提取并加以利用.该算例得出的计算结果以及计算方法还能扩展为同类型的机座结构进行针对性的动力学优化计算.     

Investigation of the condition and the behavior of a modular floating structure by harnessing monitoring data

In this paper, the condition and the behavior of an installed and operating Modular Floating Structure (MFS) is investigated and assessed by harnessing field monitoring data and using collectively multiple Correlation Coefficients (CCs) between measured quantities. The examined MFS consists of five pairs of interconnected floating concrete modules and it functions as a floating breakwater. The field monitoring data are acquired through a sensor network deployed on one pair of modules (connected through two groups of connectors) of the MFS. A methodological data processing framework for data organization, manipulation and post-processing is developed and presented. This framework enables the quantification of the structure's condition at different time periods through the calculation of CCs: (a) between the incident wave height and the tensions of the mooring lines and (b) between the tensions of the mooring lines, considering various wave directions. Recorded data at three characteristic time periods during the structure's lifetime are used, namely: (i) before any failure (structure's initial condition), (ii) after the failure of the first connectors' group and (iii) after the failure of the second connectors' group. The data processing framework developed in the present paper is applied to the above recorded data in order to calculate CCs and, therefore, quantify the structure's condition, at the three aforementioned time periods. The quantification of the structure's initial condition resulted to conclusions that were consistent from a physical point of view with the most recently documented, available in-situ mapping of the mooring lines' configuration in the horizontal plane. By considering the structure's initial condition as a reference base for comparison, the effect of the connectors' failure on the CCs, used to quantify this condition, was also investigated and efficiently assessed. Specifically, the significant changes observed in the variation patterns of all examined CCs, when compared with their respective patterns corresponding to the structure's initial condition, demonstrated and confirmed the existence of significant reformation of the examined structural system resulting from the connectors' failure. In this way, the effectiveness of the joint utilization of CCs to assess the structure's condition was proved.     

有限周期复合结构隔振系统的有限元分析

基于有限元法,研究有限周期复合结构的隔振性能。利用波动方程建立复合结构的数学模型,用有限元法对其离散,最后进行数值仿真。结果表明,有限周期复合结构的模态频率随着散射体密度的增加而减小,随着散射体直径的增大,隔振效果越好,并且有效隔振频率范围随散射体直径的增大而增大。