走在规模化与产业化的途中——解读《车辆技术和机动车维修市场管理调研报告》

长期以来,机动车维修市场都被视为道路运输业的附属行业.随着汽车行业的迅速发展和运输行业在新时期的整体转变,机动车维修市场也逐渐成长为独立繁荣的社会化产业.然而在产业化过程中,其体制、管理、企业等等却暴露出一系列的不适应.面对新形势,汽修究竟还需要什么?     

硕果盈枝香满园 与时俱进谱华章——广西交通技师学院

坐落于绿城南宁的广西交通技师学院，是广西唯一一所交通类国家级重点技工学校和交通运输部机动车维修工程师广西唯一考核站，极佳的承东启西、连南接北的区位和行业优势，使这所学校逐步发展成为广西交通运输行业高级技能型人才和汽车维修技能型紧缺人才的培养基地。     

机动车维修行业员工思想工作及其对策

文章结合机动车维修行业的用工实际,分析当前影响该行业员工思想不稳定的因素以及队伍不稳定对汽修经营企业的影响,从管理角度提出稳定员工队伍的措施与对策,对稳定员工、降低企业经营成本、降低管理难度以及稳定业务、确保维修质量等有重要意义。     

驾培行业:新模式 新挑战 新格局

<正>"国家非常重视驾培行业,屡屡发力,意图整饬市场,让驾培行业完成"学员从会开车到开安全车"、"驾校由应试培训向素质教育"、"教练员从低素质向高素质"的嬗变。近年来,我国驾培行业发展较为"任性",机动车和驾驶人急速增长,群众购车刚性需求旺盛。特别是近五年来,机动车驾驶人年均增量2057万人。至2014年底,全国机动车驾驶人突破3亿人,驾驶员数量已经超过美国总人口,位居全球第一。我国的驾培市场现状是:需求强烈,群雄并起,雨后春笋,鱼龙混杂。"任性"     

规范经营 转型连锁重服务 擦亮品牌 矢志维修专业化

中国正式加入WTO之后，机动车维修市场发生深刻变革，合资、独资、私营、个体各种经济形式并存，自由建厂自主择厂的市场化趋势日益明显，呈现出三位／四位一体（3S／4S特约维修）店、连锁维修企业、综合类维修企业互为补充、各自发展的市场格局。截至2008年底，我国机动车年维修产值达到300亿元，已经成为朝阳产业。     

维修：全国机动车检测维修士上海实操试点考实务

全国机动车检测维修专业技术人员职业水平上海实操试点考试于4月20日在上海市公用事业学校正式启动。本次实操试点考试的级别为机动车检测维修士，科目为“机动车检测维修实务”，采取实车故障模拟、实际操作与计算机考试界面作答结合的方式。     

“爱车健康”:一年上传有效档案数据24165辆次

正"累计覆盖一二类维修企业148家,涉及机动车维修台次16098台,上传有效档案数据24165辆次。"这是"爱车健康"汽车维修电子健康档案系统截至今年2月底的数据。作为首届创客大赛的"优秀在用项目金奖","爱车健康"汽车维修电子健康档案系统自2015年12月底上线以来,产品迭代已经更新了23个版     

腾飞十七载 品牌铸辉煌

<正>历经17年,金马公司在包车客运和机动车维修业务方面,积极探索并累积了很多经验。成立于1998年的广州市金马汽车运输有限公司(以下简称"金马公司"),注册资本1000万元人民币,拥有占地面积近20000平方米的停车场,是经广州市交通委员会批准,在广州市工商局、税务机关登记成立的广州市包车客运和二类机动车维修企业,经营省际、市际、县际包车客运业务和大中型客车维修业务。     

汽车维修文明创建的窘境

很多老总几乎把精神文明建设的软件投入当成一种附属,置于可有可无的地步。企业的精神文明创建活动更是无规划、无计划、无安排、无总结,出现了"四无"空白。随着我国汽车数量的不断增加,汽车维修在道路运输行业中的地位逐步上升。汽车维修是一个以提供劳务产品为主的行业,文明服务、优质诚信尤为重要。     

广西机动车驾驶员培训行业发展分析

文章基于广西机动车驾驶员培训行业的现状调研,分析了广西机动车驾驶员培训行业在政策法规、部门协作、发展环境等方面存在的问题,并提出了对策建议。     

Survey of R&D in PRT systems

A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996.     

The Impact of Container Type Diversification on Regional British Port Development Strategies

Abstract

Despite a concentration of container traffic in the southeast of the UK over the last few decades, regional ports are attempting new development strategies to capture or retain specific traffic segments. These include intra-European short-sea traffic and a potentially increasing feeder market. These trends are reflected in the movement of different container types, which result in a number of planning challenges related to changing infrastructural and operational requirements. This paper uses highly disaggregated data on container type movements to address three issues that can inform these planning challenges. First, the imbalance of trade resulting in empty container repositioning; second, the requirement for gauge-cleared rail routes to cater for the increasing proportion of high-cube containers; and third, the specialisation of European short-sea traffic at secondary UK ports. The results reveal the disproportionate repositioning of empty containers at Scottish ports and the importance of 45?ft, high-cube and pallet-wide containers at regional ports, highlighting their focus on intra-European short-sea traffic and raising difficulties relating to their lower quality of landside infrastructure (particularly rail) in comparison to the large south-eastern ports. The potential repercussions on hinterland infrastructure development raise questions about both public and private sector responses to regional port development.     

Modular route bus design – A method of meeting transport operation and vehicle manufacturing requirements

This research examines the problem of route bus specification and vehicle manufacturability. In order for bus operators to provide transport services, a range of vehicle configurations must be available from bus manufacturers, generating variety which has a negative impact on the manufacturing process. Larger part inventories, uncontrolled labour tasks and more troublesome maintenance are known impacts of this variety. This research identifies the functional necessities in route bus interior design and reduces the problems in bus manufacture and operation caused by specification diversity by proposing a modularised system of bus design. In particular, it makes recommendations as to how bus configuration should be carried out, ensuring an optimum mix of operational and manufacturing needs:

• 1.Determine user needs before the bus specification process.
• 2.Designs to be developed by the manufacturer in response to user needs.
• 3.This design should be standardised where possible, as suggested by the user needs.
• 4.Where user needs dictate product variations, apply a mass customisation approach to accommodate these needs.

The recommendations are communicated in design proposals for a modular bus interior, demonstrated by four cases designed to meet the present status quo of bus interior design and predictions for the future of the field.     

Determinants of modal choice in freight transport

In the next few years, exciting developments in the field of freight transport are likely to occur. The Channel Tunnel will be perceived as giving railways much greater distance of operation, compared to the current train ferry to/from Great Britain. The further development of swap-body technology will allow easier modal transfer and the creation, in 1992, of a single market in Europe will transform the pattern of trade. All of these are likely to have significant impacts on modal choice, and hence modal split, in freight transport. Reappraisal by many firms of the modes of transport used is likely but will it result in a net transfer of freight from road to rail and, if so, to what extent? To answer such questions, an accurate and reliable method of predicting modal split is required. Research in the past has concentrated on the development of modal split models based on generalised costs. These fail to explain adequately the prevalence of road freight in the UK. From surveys of freight managers within industry, it is clear that models to date rely too heavily on the economic cost factor and too little on behavioural factors (Jeffs 1985). This paper derives from a recent study of freight transport modal choice from the standpoint of the transport decision-maker within the firm. It attempts to shed light on the actual parameters which should be incorporated into a modal split model. Many variables appear to exert an influence on modal choice decision-making process. However, it is possible to categorise them into six main groups, namely: customer-requirements; product-characteristics; company structure/organisation; government interventions; available transport facilities; and perceptions of the decision-maker him/herself. It is the interactions and inter-relationships between these which ultimately determine freight modal split. This study has shown that the relationship between the outcome of the transport decision process and the values of particular determinants of modal split is not straight-forward, due to the complexity and variety of interactions involved. Perhaps one of the main reasons for researchers' failure hitherto to develop a successful modal-split model has been the preoccupation with techniques that rely on the development of common metric (e.g. generalised cost), which has led to the exclusion of some important explanatory variables along quite different dimensions. Another important issue concerns the appropriate level of aggregation. In order not to reduce the explanatory power of the key variables, it is important to work at a disaggregate level, although this does make substantial demands on data. The use of factor analysis enables both the aggregation of information without loss of behavioural reality and the specification of variables in terms of a common metric. In conclusion, freight transport has usually been examined within too narrow a framework. It must be placed firmly within the context of the total industrial process. The demand for freight transport is directly influenced by the level, composition and geographical distribution of production and consumption activities. Freight flows are complex and so it is highly unlikely that a universal mode-choice model can ever be developed. Future research should, therefore, be directed towards developing partial models in response to specific needs of those involved in decision-taking in the freight sector.     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

A century of evolution of the accessibility concept

The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side.     

Optimization of bus stop locations for improving transit accessibility

A mathematical model is developed in this paper to improve the accessibility of a bus service. To formulate the optimization model, a segment of a bus route is given, on which a number of demand entry points are distributed realistically. The objective total cost function (i.e. the sum of supplier and user costs) is minimized by optimizing the number and locations of stops, subject to non‐additive users' value of time. A numerical example is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method thus developed to optimize the bus stop location problem. The sensitivity of the total cost to various parameters (e.g. value of users' time, access speed, and demand density) and the effect of the parameters on the optimal stop locations are analyzed and discussed.     

Productive efficiency and ownership of urban bus services

The established ownership mix of urban bus operations in Australia provides a unique opportunity to investigate the productivity differences between public and private bus service supply. Using duality theory in economics which links economic indices of factor productivity to the cost structure of a firm, we develop empirical measures of total and partial productivity of inputs, and adjust the differences for the effects of ownership status and operating environment. The evidence supports the notion that private supply of public passenger transport in general has performed more efficiently in the past than public supply, although the differences in productivity need not continue in the future.