五洲纵览

<正>政策法规我国将建立电子招投标系统检测认证制度日前,为规范电子招标投标系统检测认证活动,国家认监委、国家发展改革委等7部门联合出台《电子招标投标系统检测认证管理办法》(以下简称《办法》),并将于9月1日实施。《办法》规定,开展电子招标投标系统检测认证的实验室需"依法经过     

动态

<正>《收费公路权益转让办法》10月1日起实施日前,交通运输部、国家发改委、财政部联合颁布了《收费公路权益转让办法》(简称《办法》),自今年10月1日起施行。《办法》对《公路法》和《收费公路管理条例》有关收费公路权益转让的规定进行     

三部委加快推广高速公路联网ETC

交通运输部和国家发改委、财政部联合出台（《关于促进高速公路应用联网电子不停车收费技术的若干意见》（简称《意见》），决定在基本具备条件的省（区、市）和区域加快推广应用高速公路联网电子不停车收费（ETC），逐步形成跨省区联网的收费格局。     

档案信息化与海事管理

交通部、国家档案局于2005年11月修订出台了新的《交通档案管理办法》,与原有的《办法》相比,新《办法》特别突出了对电子文件、电子信息的管理。在全球信息化进程越来越快、海事工作逐步向现代化管理方式转变的今天,开展档案工作计算机管理、档案现代化管理将成为今后海事档案工作的一个重要方向和必然趋势,这     

道路运输

三部委推广高速公路联网ETC 日前，交通运输部和国家发改委、财政部联合出台《关于促进高速公路应用联网电子不停车收费技术的若干意见》（简称《意见》），决定在基本具备条件的省（区、市）和区域加快推广应用高速公路联网电子不停车收费（ETC），逐步形成跨省区联网的收费格局，并加快形成规模化应用和产业链，     

电子招投标在高速公路工程招投标中的实践研究

为了提高高速公路工程招投标工作的公平、公正,主要针对电子招投标技术在高速公路招投标过程中的使用价值和现如今存在的主要问题进行深度分析与讨论,提出电子招投标技术在高速公路工程招投标过程中的使用方向,以期为同类型工作提供参考。     

政策法规

<正>《铁路发展基金管理办法》发布引导民资入铁7月8日,国家发改委会同财政部、交通运输部发布了《铁路发展基金管理办法》(下称《办法》),《办法》指出,中国铁路总公司(下称中铁总公司)作为政府出资人代表,以及铁路发展基金主发起人,积极吸引社会投资人,依照《公司法》通过约定和承诺共同发起设立中国铁路发展基金股份有限公司(下称基金公司)。《办法》明确,中铁总公司作为中央政府的出资人代表,是基金公司的普通股股东。中铁总公司与社会投资人签订出资人协议,确定双方的权利、责任、义务,管理基金公司,保证社会     

出租车业欲破成本"糊涂账"

近期,国家发改委在其官方网站上公布了《客运出租汽车运营定价成本监审办法(征求意见稿)》(简称“征求意见稿”)。其中对出租汽车公司运营成本作出了较为明确的规定,     

工程建设电子招投标的现状分析与优化方法

在信息技术应用大行其道的时代,电子化招投标系统的构建与应用已经成为建设工程招投标工作程序中的应用新模式,它相比于传统招投标工作体系更具有公正公平性。近年来相关单位已经开始在各个工程项目中运用电子化的投标系统,这种电子化的投标系统主要是凭借信息网络技术整理出数据电文,通过统一的平台进行招标投标的业务管理操作,利用互联网实现招投标业务的完成。但是,电子招投标的含义却不止于此。具体来说,电子招投标指的是利用互联网、计算机等信息科技,针对招投标业务进行梳理,优化重组招投标的工作流程,实现招投标过程的网络化、电子化、无纸化,是一种高效率的工程招投标管理和实践模式。     

新闻快递

综合铁路交通水利工程招投标将全部下放地方三部门工程招投标进入地方公共资源交易市场有了计划表:铁路工程6月底前全部进入,交通运输工程分两个层次进入,大中型水利工程明年1月进入。全国公共资源交易市场建设工作推进会6月4日一5目在江西南昌召开。会上透露,我国将在重点行业、重点领域加快推行电子招投标,充分发挥电子招投标在建立健全     

Survey of R&D in PRT systems

A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996.     

Optimization of bus stop locations for improving transit accessibility

A mathematical model is developed in this paper to improve the accessibility of a bus service. To formulate the optimization model, a segment of a bus route is given, on which a number of demand entry points are distributed realistically. The objective total cost function (i.e. the sum of supplier and user costs) is minimized by optimizing the number and locations of stops, subject to non‐additive users' value of time. A numerical example is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method thus developed to optimize the bus stop location problem. The sensitivity of the total cost to various parameters (e.g. value of users' time, access speed, and demand density) and the effect of the parameters on the optimal stop locations are analyzed and discussed.     

Productive efficiency and ownership of urban bus services

The established ownership mix of urban bus operations in Australia provides a unique opportunity to investigate the productivity differences between public and private bus service supply. Using duality theory in economics which links economic indices of factor productivity to the cost structure of a firm, we develop empirical measures of total and partial productivity of inputs, and adjust the differences for the effects of ownership status and operating environment. The evidence supports the notion that private supply of public passenger transport in general has performed more efficiently in the past than public supply, although the differences in productivity need not continue in the future.     

Determinants of modal choice in freight transport

In the next few years, exciting developments in the field of freight transport are likely to occur. The Channel Tunnel will be perceived as giving railways much greater distance of operation, compared to the current train ferry to/from Great Britain. The further development of swap-body technology will allow easier modal transfer and the creation, in 1992, of a single market in Europe will transform the pattern of trade. All of these are likely to have significant impacts on modal choice, and hence modal split, in freight transport. Reappraisal by many firms of the modes of transport used is likely but will it result in a net transfer of freight from road to rail and, if so, to what extent? To answer such questions, an accurate and reliable method of predicting modal split is required. Research in the past has concentrated on the development of modal split models based on generalised costs. These fail to explain adequately the prevalence of road freight in the UK. From surveys of freight managers within industry, it is clear that models to date rely too heavily on the economic cost factor and too little on behavioural factors (Jeffs 1985). This paper derives from a recent study of freight transport modal choice from the standpoint of the transport decision-maker within the firm. It attempts to shed light on the actual parameters which should be incorporated into a modal split model. Many variables appear to exert an influence on modal choice decision-making process. However, it is possible to categorise them into six main groups, namely: customer-requirements; product-characteristics; company structure/organisation; government interventions; available transport facilities; and perceptions of the decision-maker him/herself. It is the interactions and inter-relationships between these which ultimately determine freight modal split. This study has shown that the relationship between the outcome of the transport decision process and the values of particular determinants of modal split is not straight-forward, due to the complexity and variety of interactions involved. Perhaps one of the main reasons for researchers' failure hitherto to develop a successful modal-split model has been the preoccupation with techniques that rely on the development of common metric (e.g. generalised cost), which has led to the exclusion of some important explanatory variables along quite different dimensions. Another important issue concerns the appropriate level of aggregation. In order not to reduce the explanatory power of the key variables, it is important to work at a disaggregate level, although this does make substantial demands on data. The use of factor analysis enables both the aggregation of information without loss of behavioural reality and the specification of variables in terms of a common metric. In conclusion, freight transport has usually been examined within too narrow a framework. It must be placed firmly within the context of the total industrial process. The demand for freight transport is directly influenced by the level, composition and geographical distribution of production and consumption activities. Freight flows are complex and so it is highly unlikely that a universal mode-choice model can ever be developed. Future research should, therefore, be directed towards developing partial models in response to specific needs of those involved in decision-taking in the freight sector.     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

A century of evolution of the accessibility concept

The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side.     

天然气站往复式压缩机活塞失效分析

针对天然气站往复式压缩机活塞的断裂事故,运用失效分析方法,开展了活塞断口扫描电镜分析、能谱和金相分析。根据断口形貌的电镜和金相观察结果,结合理论知识,分析确定了该活塞发生断裂事故的主要原因,即在特定工况下该活塞的材料缺陷是造成断裂的主要因素。     

中国城市道路规划方位性问题研究

文章结合中国的传统建筑文化理念和现代科学原理,从历史文化、能源节约、环境保护、房地产定价、交通安全等多方面分析研究了城市道路在规划和设计时所应遵从的定向规则。