大型运输车荷载作用下的刚构拱桥加固方案分析

文章通过运用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS建立桥梁有限元模型,对刚构拱桥在大型运输车荷载作用下的受力特点进行分析,提出针对性的加固方案,并采用有限元模型分析了加固方案的可行性。     

有限元分析在洗扫车水泵支架轻量化改进中的应用

针对水泵支架质量稍重,不利于节能环保的问题,首先利用三维软件Pro/E建立符合有限元分析的三维模型,然后导入有限元分析软件Workbench,进行结构分析和模态分析,得到分析结果;根据分析结果有针对性的对水泵支架进行轻量化改进,然后再导入有限元分析软件Workbench进行结构分析和模态分析,验证轻量化改进的结果;经过对比分析结果,轻量化改进前后性能基本没变化,但重量下降了20%,从而验证了轻量化改进的效果。结果证明:改变传统类比的方法,借助限元分析有针对性的轻量化改进是可行的。     

真空预压排水固结法有限元模拟及分析

有限元数值计算方法是目前运用最广泛的数值计算方法之一,其中大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS具有很好的处理非线性和复杂边界条件的能力,因此本文拟用ABAQUS对真空预压过程进行有限元建模和分析,并对模型中的参数进行敏感度分析。     

高低塔斜拉桥主塔承台优化及其结构计算分析

文章在对拟建南宁外环公路大冲邕江特大桥的自然条件、水文、地质、航道等因素进行分析研究的基础上,对原方案大桥主塔承台进行优化设计,并采用有限元软件建立全桥和局部有限元模型进行结构计算分析及验算,确定优化方案的合理性及可行性,为类似工程设计提供参考。     

基于有限元的波纹管动态分析

文中首先通过传统的计算方法分析确定影响波纹管变形和寿命的因素,由于传统方法只考虑静载荷和静特性,无法实现动态特性分析,因此利用有限元软件来实现动态分析。为实践该分析方法,以研制的实际产品为例,应用有限元分析软件对产品进行了静力分析、振动应力分析及耐久性分析。最后,通过振动及耐久性试验验证分析结果的正确性,对波纹管的设计具有借鉴作用。     

与多层建筑顶管井结合的轨道交通车站附属结构设计分析

应用有限元软件分析复杂工程的围护结构和内部结构,能较好地反映出结构施工和使用阶段内力、位移的情况。结合上海轨道交通12号线漕宝路站附属结构的工程实践,对与多层结构建筑及顶管相结合的车站附属结构的基坑围护及内部结构设计进行分析探讨,运用有限元软件进行二维、三维数值分析,为类似工程设计提供参考。     

CAE在波纹管成形数值模拟中的应用

文中应用有限元软件,对波纹管进行成形模拟分析。建模时须采用真实的结构参数,模拟波纹管成形过程。将有限元分析的结果同真实的试验数据对比,以验证分析精度,改进和优化成形工艺。试验证明：有限元法能够准确地对波纹管进行成形模拟分析,并且具有优越性,提高了波纹管的成形工艺水平。     

独塔自锚式悬索桥的减震措施分析

以独塔空间索自锚式悬索桥为工程背景,运用大型有限元分析软件midas/civil建立有限元模型,对独塔空间索自锚式悬索桥的动力特性、抗震性能和减隔震等方面进行了探讨研究。     

连续箱梁桥体外预应力分孔主动加固施工控制研究

本文根据某连续梁桥的病害情况、受力特点,采用有限元软件midas/civil对结构进行有限元建模计算分析。通过对该连续梁桥的体外预应力加固施工全过程进行施工监控,分析比较施工中体外索的伸长量、箱梁控制截面的应力、桥梁挠度等的理论值和实测值,得出有价值的结论,用于指导工程实践。     

基于ANSYS某托吊联体型清障车吊臂有限元分析

清障车是一种为了保持道路通畅而设计的装备有道路清障救援设备的专用车辆。本文针对某托吊联体型清障车吊臂,采用Solidworks软件建立其三维模型,通过ANSYS Workbench软件对其进行有限元分析,根据全伸状态下最大、最小仰角两种典型工况,对吊臂总成施加边界条件。其结果使吊臂的强度分析更加具有可靠性,为清障车的设计开发以及专用作业装置结构相似的有限元分析计算提供一些有益的探索与参考。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

盾构隧道管片接头抗剪力学性能研究

通过对南京长江盾构隧道环向管片接头进行的三组原型抗剪(无螺栓剪切、有螺栓逆剪和有螺栓顺剪)加载试验,分析研究了管片接头在剪力作用下的受力、变形和破坏特征,给出了管片接头混凝土接触面的静摩擦系数,得到了接头剪力主要由混凝土接触面承担、破坏形式为连接斜螺栓剪切延性破坏的结论。通过对管片结构的有限元数值模拟计算得出:接头处的剪力与轴力比小于接缝面的摩擦系数,管片不会发生相互错动,结构是稳定的。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Evaluation of pedestrian crosswalk level of service (LOS) in perspective of type of land-use

In India pedestrians usually cross the road at mid-block crosswalks due to ease of access to their destination or the development of adjacent land use types such as shopping, business areas, school and residential areas. The behaviour of pedestrian will change with respect to different land use type and this change in behaviour of pedestrian further reflects change in perceived level of service (LOS). So, it is important to evaluate the quality of service of such crossing facilities with respect to different land-use type under mixed traffic conditions. In this framework, pedestrian perceived LOS were collected with respect to different land-use type such as shopping, residential and business areas. The ordered probit (OP) model was developed by using NLOGIT software package, with number of vehicles encountered, road crossing difficulty as well as safety considered as primary factors along with pedestrian individual factors (gender and age), land-use type and roadway geometry. From the model results, it has been concluded that perceived safety, crossing difficulty, land-use condition, number of vehicles encountered, median width and number of lanes have significant effect on pedestrian perceived LOS at unprotected (un-signalized) mid-block crosswalks in mixed traffic scenario. The inferences of these results highlights the importance of land use planning in designing a new set of pedestrian access facilities for unprotected mid-block crosswalks under mixed traffic conditions. Also the study results would be useful for evaluating pedestrian accessibility taking into account different land-use type and planning required degree of segregation with vehicular movement at unprotected mid-block crosswalk locations.     

超声导波技术在压力管道腐蚀检测的应用研究

在传统的管道腐蚀检测技术中,一般采用逐点测量管壁厚度的方法检测管道的局部腐蚀,无法实现管道的全面检测,并且无法对占压、跨越、穿越和未开挖等处的地埋管道进行腐蚀检测。目前,导波技术在国内外压力管道腐蚀检测中得到了广泛的应用,在解决了上述问题的同时,此项技术在应用过程遇到了一些技术难题,特别是管道缺陷信号的提取和辨识。文中介绍了管道导波检测的基本原理和导波应用的案例。     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。