桩-土-承台相互作用的有限元简化模型

针对低桩承台结构计算中往往只考虑桩土作用,忽视承台与土相互作用的问题,通过工程实例,建立考虑桩-土-承台相互作用的低桩承台有限元简化模型,分析桩间土的承载作用对承台和桩内力的影响。结果表明:在简化模型中考虑桩间土的承载作用后,承台弯矩和桩基轴力可减少35%～40%;桩身弯矩和剪力主要受水平力和土体m值影响;桩基轴力随地基土基床系数的增大而逐渐减小,但减幅逐渐趋缓。     

水平力作用下底梁式全直桩码头单横向排架数值分析

考虑桩土相互作用,通过数值分析方法,对比分析3种不同方案码头结构的桩位移、弯矩变化以及剪力分配系数,研究底梁式全直桩高桩码头在水平力作用下的单横向排架受力变形机理.结果表明,底梁式全直桩码头能较好地抵抗水平力的作用,可供同类工程设计参考.     

整体卸荷式板桩挡土结构三维有限元数值模拟分析*

整体卸荷式板桩挡土结构是深厚软土地区高桩码头良好的接岸结构形式,采用有限元数值分析方法得到不同桩排距、后排桩间距和开挖深度条件下该类挡土结构前后排桩受力和变形特征并进行研究。结果表明,增加前后排桩间距可以减小桩基的水平变形,并使前后排桩的桩力分布更加合理;改变后排桩间距使前排桩水平和竖向位移均逐渐增大,前后排桩端部弯矩和剪力都增大;开挖深度的增加使结构水平位移增加。     

高桩码头凹凸缝结构水平力传递的有限元计算

在高桩码头整体结构的三维有限元计算过程中,着重考虑了增加凹凸缝结构传递水平力的环节,从计算结果中发现,桩基内力结果比不考虑凹凸缝传递水平力的计算结果,无论是弯矩、剪力、扭矩和位移值均有一定程度的降低,从而达到减小桩型、节省工程造价的目的。     

转动刚度对水平力在高桩码头排架中的分配影响研究

针对水平集中力在高桩码头排架中的分配问题建立新的简化模型,给出模型求解方法。确定水平集中力的横向分力在各排架中的分配时,可将码头上部结构在水平方向视为一个刚性连续梁,而排架对上部结构除了水平约束作用,还有转动约束。由此,提出排架转动刚度系数的概念及计算方法,修正规范假定的计算简化模型,并推导出水平力在高桩码头排架中的简化分配公式,此公式对有斜桩的高桩码头同样适用。结果表明,与规范相比,用简化公式计算全直桩码头的水平力分配系数精度更高,可以更好地节省材料、降低成本,为结构设计和规范修订提供参考。     

高桩码头结构内力计算方法的探讨

高桩码头结构位移产生的桩弯矩采用嵌固点法,由于嵌固点法对位移作用下计算的内力误差较大,因此计算位移产生的桩弯矩不宜采用嵌固点法,故本文提出码头结构内力计算方法,考虑了桩顶的连接情况、桩的泥上高度、桩身柔性、桩基布置等因素。得出以下结论:(1)直桩与叉桩受桩顶水平变位影响不大,但叉桩会产生轴力;桩顶刚接时产生弯矩、剪力值大于桩顶铰接。(2)在纵向水平力作用下,近似将所有基桩的桩顶合成为一个水平刚度,可减小单桩承载力,其值约为原承载力的1/20。本文所提出的计算方法能考虑桩顶的连接情况、桩的泥上高度、桩身柔性、桩基布置等因素,可为设计确定分段长度的计算方法,同时研究温差与纵向荷载作用下结构的内力与变形计算问题,具有很好的推广应用价值,并可为今后修订高桩码头设计规范时补充纵向计算内容提供参考。     

桩基重力式支护结构的不同计算模型

桩基重力式支护结构由重力式胸墙和双排桩组成,是一种半刚性半柔性支护结构。对该结构的设计,相关单位根据规范采用平面钢架弹性支点法计算下部双排桩,同时将上部胸墙简化为悬臂梁进行计算,但由于胸墙为刚性体,受力特征及对双排桩的约束与悬臂梁不同。为了系统研究该结构在不同计算模型中的变形及内力分布特征,对比规范设计和实体模型的计算结果。结果表明:参照相关规范设计时,上部胸墙产生线性位移,后排桩的弯矩及剪力都大于前排桩;而在实体计算模型中,上部胸墙发生平动位移模式,由于基坑开挖受到主要的土压力差作用,前排桩产生的弯矩和剪力都大于后排桩。     

游艇码头定位桩桩长的确定方法

针对温州瓯江港区浮式游艇码头在接近35 m淤泥质土的地质条件下全直定位桩桩长确定和地基承载能力的问题,采用数值模拟方法,在波浪力和水流力作用下,对不同定位桩长的码头结构进行三维全尺度数值模拟分析和地基承载力校验,得到不同定位桩长的剪力和弯矩的内力分布特征、桩顶最大位移、桩身最大应力随不同桩长变化趋势。再根据定位桩自重和桩侧土极限侧摩阻力标准值确定桩底应力,与地基承载能力进行对比分析。研究表明,对于类似工程,可采用以地基承载力和桩顶位移为主、以桩身应力控制为辅助的控制方法来确定桩长。     

船闸闸室结构刚性桩加固地基承载特性分析

结合东部沿海地区某刚性桩加固地基船闸工程,运用ANSYS软件分别模拟一体式和分开式桩基加固地基船闸闸室结构,接触面均采用库伦摩擦模型,对两种桩基加固地基闸室结构分别进行闸室底板沉降与地基沉降、桩身竖向应力、桩身水平位移以及桩土荷载承担比共4个方面的对比分析。研究表明:一体式桩基加固闸室结构在一定程度上有利于减小闸室整体沉降和地基沉降,素混凝土垫层起到一定的调节作用;一体式桩基加固闸室结构桩基承担的竖向荷载大于分开式,土承担的荷载比例小于分开式;两种结构桩身水平位移沿桩基入土深度的变化趋势一样;分开式桩基加固闸室结构在一定程度上有利于减小闸室底板弯矩。     

衡重式板桩结构在码头中的应用

分别建立无锚式、单锚式和衡重式板桩码头有限元概化模型,并以某10万吨级板桩码头为原型,进行数值分析。结果表明：衡重式板桩的最大水平位移值分别为无锚式板桩的1/13和单锚式板桩的1/2;无锚式板桩入土段土压力分布突变明显,单锚式板桩入土面以上墙后土压力分布突变明显,衡重式板桩墙后和墙前土压力分布均较平顺;无锚式和单锚式板桩弯矩、剪力分布均出现多次反转,尤以无锚式板桩最明显,衡重式板桩除在衡重台位置出现弯矩突变外,其他位置弯矩、剪力分布均较平顺;工程案例分析中衡重式板桩桩身水平位移和弯矩属于正常范围,同时衡重式结构不需设置锚碇系统、后排灌注桩等组合结构,具有场地适应性强、施工简单和建设成本低等诸多优势,在板桩码头中具有较强的应用价值。     

高桩+板桩复合式结构的内力分析方法

对高桩+板桩复合式结构进行内力分析，通过采用SAP2000和PLAXIS有限元分析软件建立不同的计算模型，得出每种模型下高桩和板桩结构的弯矩、轴力、剪力和位移等计算结果，并对结果及其产生差异的原因进行分析。结果表明：仅采用SAP2000的分析模型因高估了土体对板桩结构的支撑作用，其内力计算结果偏小；仅采用PLAXIS2D的分析模型因忽略了高桩结构的变形，其内力计算结果偏大；而采用这两种软件迭代计算的分析模型与PLAXIS 3D模型的计算结果接近，说明该计算模型的结果与实际情况较为吻合。     

不规则桩基大平台数值分析与应用

桩基础平台在沿海软土地基中应用广泛。对某不规则桩基平台进行数值模拟,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对某一大平台工程进行三维有限元建模,选取合适的接触模型模拟桩-土相互作用,在施加设计荷载后对模型进行整体运算。结果表明,模型中大部分桩体在桩-土相互作用下其桩节点高程12. 5 m附近摩阻应力达到最大,其中少数摩阻应力最大值发生于桩节点高程10或15 m处;各桩桩身摩阻应力沿着水平荷载合力方向不断增加。     

Field experiments on laterally loaded piles for an offshore wind farm

Pile foundations are widely used to support offshore wind turbines due to their cost effectiveness and rapid constructions. Offshore piles must be designed with enough capacity to withstand overturning moments caused by wind turbines and other environmental factors such as wave excitations and extreme winds. In this study, a full-scale field experimental test is undertaken to determine the pile behaviour under various lateral loading conditions. A distributed fiber optic sensing technology is used to measure strains along two instrumented piles. The bending moments and lateral deflections are calculated from distributed fiber optic sensors, and then analysed with the various p-y methods. Field measurements indicated that for two offshore piles ZK01 and ZK28 with diameter of 2 m and length of 71.5 m and 77.5 m, the maximum lateral movements under a given lateral load of 800 kN were 369.1 mm and 351.7 mm, respectively. The maximum bending moment occurred at 6.5 m and 5.5 m below seabed level with the corresponding depth of 12.15D and 11.95D for pile ZK01 and ZK28, respectively. The position of “zero crossing” of soil resistance for two instrumented piles is almost the same, even though the piles have different lengths. The lateral deflections and bending moments of the two instrumented piles are predicted by the API and hyperbolic method, which indicates that the hyperbolic method yields larger prediction errors than the API method. A modified p-y approach is then proposed for more reliable predictions when compared with field measurements.     

考虑泥沙淤积影响的高桩码头三维有限元分析

泥沙淤积将影响高桩码头的正常使用。为掌握泥沙淤积对高桩码头基桩的影响规律,借助有限元分析方法,结构与土均按三维实体单元建模,桩土间设置接触单元考虑桩土相互作用,采用单元生死近似考虑泥沙淤积过程,岩土参数采用实测位移资料进行校准。分析结果表明,泥沙淤积引起的附加土压力将使最大弯矩出现在基桩顶部,且大部分为陆侧受拉,最危险截面出现在桩头向海的桩顶附近;对泥沙进行清淤处理后,将明显改善基桩受力状态,极大降低淤积对基桩造成的不利影响。     

Support condition monitoring of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines in layered soil based on model updating

Monopile-supported offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are dynamically sensitive structures whose fundamental frequencies may be close to those of environmental and turbine-related excitations. The changes in fundamental frequencies caused by pile-soil interaction (PSI) may result in unwanted resonance and serious O&M (Operation and Maintenance) issues, which have been identified as major challenges in the research field. Therefore, a novel model updating framework with an implicit objective function is proposed to monitor both the stiffness and damping variation of the OWT system based on the measured vibration characteristics, which is further verified by laboratory tests. In particular, layered soil was considered in the tests to simulate the practical soil conditions of Chinese seas. Different pile lengths were introduced to consider the long-term PSI effects for rigid piles and slender piles. The results showed that the variation in the fundamental frequency is significantly reduced in layered soil compared with the pure sand scenario. For the OWT systems in layered soil, the variation in foundation stiffness is negatively related to the burial depth under cyclic loading. The proposed model updating framework is proven reliable for support condition monitoring of OWT systems in complicated soil conditions.     

刚性承台下柔性单桩复合地基工作特性分析

基于变形协调条件,运用力学理论,对带台柔性单桩复合地基的承载特性进行了系统的分析,得到了桩土应力比、桩身轴力分布及荷载-沉降关系等系列解析算式.计算表明,柔性桩在更多的情况下不可能像刚性桩那样将荷载传递到桩端,而存在一个有效桩长;同时,桩土应力比随荷载变化的趋势与桩体刚度、桩侧剪切刚度及桩端土的抗压刚度有很大关系.计算还显示,如果以相对变形s/b=0.004～0.01所对应的承载力作为复合地基承载力特征值的话,当桩体刚度增加一倍,复合地基承载力将增加1/3～1/2.为验证所提出方法的可行性,将模型实验的结果与计算结果进行了对比,对比表明,该方法对柔性桩复合地基的设计计算有指导意义.     

Influence of different combinations of impact mass and velocity with identical kinetic energy or momentum on the impact response of RC piles

Marine engineering structures may be subjected to various levels of vessel collisions, causing different degrees of damage to the RC piles. However, the influence of different combinations of impact mass and velocity under the same initial kinetic energy or momentum on the impact behavior of RC piles has not been explored. A numerical investigation of the impact responses of RC pile structures (including plumb piles and inclined pile groups) considering the material strain rate effect is carried out using the software ABAQUS/Explicit in this paper. Parametric studies are conducted based on the validated finite element models of RC piles subjected to horizontal impact. The internal force distributions, as well as the effect of the impact kinetic energy and the momentum (including different combinations of impact mass and initial velocity) on the impact response of RC piles, are discussed. The results indicate that the development path of the bending moment‒overall structural displacement curves in the plastic hinge regions of RC piles are almost identical under both impact and static loading conditions. Compared to momentum, the impact response of RC piles is insensitive to the variation of impact kinetic energy with different combinations of impact mass and velocity. Therefore, the impact kinetic energy is more suitable for evaluating the structural deformation of RC piles after impact. Finally, a performance-based impact-resistance design framework for RC piles is proposed.     

等壁厚钢管桩横向焊缝应力集中系数的数值模拟

大型海洋工程结构多常用钢管桩,在钢管桩的制作和安装过程中通常会产生环向对接焊缝,由管节偏位引起的环向焊缝应力集中现象是焊缝疲劳热点应力评估和焊缝疲劳安全分析的重要影响因素.通过实用近似分析方法,研究在轴向拉力和平面内弯矩单独作用下等壁厚对接焊缝应力集中间题,得出等壁厚拉弯构件对接焊缝应力集中系数的近似计算公式;根据对钢...     

超厚软土层条件下码头超长摩擦桩分析

福建霞浦核电厂大件码头拟建位置具有40～50 m的超厚软土层,码头桩基采用的超长摩擦桩的桩-土间相互作用较短桩和中长桩相比更为复杂,很多问题均属设计规范的临界模糊范围。采用有限元法对超长桩在水平和竖向荷载作用下的位移、内力和侧摩阻力进行全面的计算分析,总结超厚软土层中超长摩擦桩的桩身节点水平位移和内力的分布趋势:对于超长摩擦桩,同一土层分层提供侧摩阻力更加合理,且泥面50 m以下的桩侧摩阻力会随着土层深度的增加继续增长,增长速率较50 m以上更快。