舰船系统三维破损失效概率计算方法

本文对舰船装备系统遭受武器攻击后破损失效概率的计算方法进行了探讨．建立了三维破损失效概率的计算方法．利用该算法编制了电算程序．并对某舰装备系统进行了计算，获得满意的结果．该算法适应性强，简便实用，精度也高．     

一种基于方向概率的潜艇结构可靠性计算方法

潜艇结构可靠性分析属于多个相关模式串联的系统可靠性分析问题，本文通过随机空间的映射变换。将其多个失效模式的失效面统一变换到随机独立的标准正态空间（Gauss空间）内，以利用该空间球坐标沿其径向的x^2分布特性计算总体失效域上的失效概率，由于无须进行模式间相关性的近似分析，因而提高了系统失效概率的计算精度，潜艇两种耐压结构的可靠性分析算例表明，该方法实用性强，操作性好，精度较高，对于有高度非线性失效面方程的可靠性计算问题有很强的适应性。     

潜艇耐压圆柱壳结构的可靠性研究

举艇耐压圆柱壳是潜艇承受外载的主要结构,其失效模式多种移样,而且相互关联,因此,潜艇耐压圆柱壳结构的可靠性分析是一个多复杂、相关问题的可靠性分析问题,本文从潜艇耐压圆柱壳的失效模式建立到总体及各种失效模式的可靠性大小计算,建立了一套计算潜艇耐压圆柱壳结构可靠性的分析。编制了潜艇耐压圆柱壳结构的可靠性分析计算机程序,并以具体潜艇耐压圆柱壳结构进行了可靠性分析,从其对耐压圆柱壳的计算结果可以看出,潜艇耐压圆柱壳结构的失效概率并不等于各失效模式的失效概率之和,这不同于Ｆａｕｌｋｎｅｒ做出的求和理论假定。本文的潜艇耐压圆柱壳可靠性分析,为多模态失效的系统可靠性计算开辟了新的途径,对潜艇耐压圆柱壳结构的可靠性设计提供了一定的理论基础。     

失效途径疲劳失效概率计算的一阶方法的改进

失效途径的疲劳可靠性分析是复杂结构系统疲劳可靠性分析的基础和关键，目前常用的方法是一阶可靠性方法（FORM），由于没有考虑失效单元极限状态超曲面之间的相关性，易引起较大的计算误差。本文从分析失效单元极限状态超曲面的相互关系入手，提出了失效途径中各失效单元极限状态函数检验点新的选择准则，对一阶可靠性方法进行了改进。算例表明，本文提出的改进方法有效地提高了失效途径疲劳失效概率的计算精度。     

结构系统疲劳可靠性分析的一阶和二阶混合方法

本文提出了复杂结构系统疲劳可靠性分析的一阶和二阶混合方法。引进Ｈｏｈｅｎｂｉｃｈｌｅｒ等提出的并联系统可靠性分析的二阶渐近式计算失效途径的疲劳失效概率;利用并联系统等效线性安全余量的概念,形成由失效途径的等效失效单元组成的串联系统;并最终计算整个系统的疲劳失效概率。计算结果表明,这一方法能有效地提高结构系统疲劳失效概率的计算精度。     

基于故障树的沉船整体打捞系统失效风险分析

采用双船抬吊打捞系统对大吨位沉船进行整体打捞是一项高难度高危险作业,对打捞系统及打捞过程进行风险评估至关重要.基于故障树分析法对双船抬吊打捞系统进行分析,确定打捞系统的逻辑树与二级子系统,分析二级子系统的失效模式,并绘制打捞系统的故障树.根据打捞工程危险源识别报告、失效数据库估算基本事件的发生概率,通过故障树定量分析得到打捞系统发生故障的概率是0.002 16,属于中等偏高风险,平均无障碍工作时间约为463.97h.最后通过计算分析确定了基本事件的风险值,并为风险值较高的基本事件提出风险控制方法,为打捞作业安全保障提供支持.     

平面则架结构系统可靠性分析程序

本文进一步分析了平面刚架结构系统失效的基本原理,并给出了只考虑弯矩载荷效应和同时考虑弯矩与轴力两种载荷效应下自动生成失效衡准,搜索主要失效模式与计算系统失效概率的方法,开发出通用计算机程序。通过算例,验证了计算方法的适用性与程序的可靠性。     

电力系统生命力综合评估

本文以船舶装备系统三维破损失效概率计算为基础，提出了系统生命力评价指标和分析方法，并对某舰电力系统进行了分析和计算，提出了使该系统生命力显著提高的改进设计方案。计算和分析结果表明，该算法简便，实用。     

结构系统疲劳可靠性分析的一阶和二创混合方法

本文提出了复杂结构系统疲劳可靠性分析的一阶和二阶混合方法。引用Ｈｏｈｅｎｂｉｃｈｌｅｒ等提出的并联系统可靠性分析的二阶渐近式计算失效途径的疲劳失效概;利用并联系统效线性安全余量的概念,形成由失效途径的等效失效单元组成的串联系统;并最终计算整个系统的疲劳失效概率。计算结果表明,这一方法能有效地提高结构系统疲劳失效概率的计算精度。     

基于动态贝叶斯网的双燃料船舶适航性评估

随着柴油-LNG双燃料船舶新型技术的兴起,迫切需要科学有效的方法对其进行适航性评估与安全监管。本文首先根据双燃料船舶的营运特点,从船舶动力丧失概率的角度分析和确定了适航性评估的内容、程序和建模方法。然后针对船舶使用双燃料和纯柴油两种工况下的失效模式特点,建立了相应不同结构的可靠性框图。最后基于可靠性框图建立了动态贝叶斯网络并计算了各节点的条件概率,解决了双燃料船舶适航性分析中的动态性,小子样、相关失效等难点。实例计算表明双燃料工况下由于共因失效冲击船舶动力丧失概率明显增大,验证了评估模型的正确性。     

Strength reliability analysis of stiffened cylindrical shells considering failure correlation

The stiffened cylindrical shell is commonly used for thepressure hull of submersibles and the legs of offshore platforms.There are various failure modes because of uncertainty with thestructural size and material properties, uncertainty of the calculationmodel and machining errors. Correlations among failure modesmust be considered with the structural reliability of stiffenedcylindrical shells. However, the traditional method cannot considerthe correlations effectively. The aim of this study is to present amethod of reliability analysis for stiffened cylindrical shells whichconsiders the correlations among failure modes. Firstly, the jointfailure probability calculation formula of two related failure modesis derived through use of the 2D joint probability density function.Secondly, the full probability formula of the tandem structuralsystem is given with consideration to the correlations among failuremodes. At last, the accuracy of the system reliability calculation isverified through use of the Monte Carlo simulation. Result of theanalysis shows the failure probability of stiffened cylindrical shellscan be gained through adding the failure probability of each mode.     

基于Monte Carlo方法的舰船装备系统任务成功概率模型

针对连续工作的任务要求,建立在给定备件数量下串并联系统的任务成功概率模型,基于MonteCarlo抽样技术给出模型的数值算法,该模型能有效解决系统组成单元独立但不同分布、考虑已工作时间且寿命为非指数分布等复杂情况下的任务成功概率计算问题,用于评估舰船装备系统的任务成功性。     

基于纵弯曲强度可靠性分析的船舶中剖面优化

研究基于船舶纵弯曲强度可靠性分析的全概率方法,以通过波浪载荷直接计算软件和船舶剖面强度信息计算得到的纵弯曲强度失效概率为目标函数,以相关规范对剖面构件的尺寸要求和剖面面积上限作为约束条件,通过MATLAB建立优化模型。并结合MATLAB集成的遗传算法工具箱对船舶中剖面进行优化设计。算例结果表明在剖面面积减小了0.38%的情况下,纵弯曲强度失效概率由原来的7.22×10-5降低为1.32×10-5,表明此方法用于船舶中剖面结构优化是行之有效的。     

潜水器载人舱的不确定性测度计算方法研究

本文研究状态函数中存在概率数和证据数的混合状态下的系统不确定性分析方法问题,用于解决在产品实现过程中部分信息的认知不足。传统概率分析方法无法建立认知不确定信息模型,无法反映产品在实现过程中不确定性影响的问题。本文将证据理论不确定度分析方法融入传统JC算法,在计算随机变量迭代时开展认知变量极值计算,进而可以处理随机和认知不确定性变量同时存在时的混合不确定性问题。本文建立了4500 m载人潜水器载人舱不确定度分析模型,基于改进JC算法计算得到载人舱失效似然性测度和失效可信性测度值,同时采用实验设计法对影响载人舱不确定性测度的因素进行分析,分析表明测度影响较大的因素是真球度和极限拉伸强度,测度对真球度和厚度两个因素的单位数量变化比较敏感。     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

船舶圆弧过渡肘板节点的屈曲破坏研究

船体构件腹板在连接端部逐渐升高形成圆弧过渡肘板节点,较大的腹板尺寸导致其受弯时易出现屈曲破坏,从而影响船体结构的安全性。以典型圆弧过渡肘板连接的横梁-肋骨节点结构为研究对象,采用极限强度试验与非线性有限元模拟方法,研究肘板节点受弯时的破坏模式、极限载荷以及屈曲过程,讨论肘板臂长、圆弧半径、面板厚度对节点结构屈曲破坏的影响。结果显示:考虑初始缺陷的非线性有限元模拟结果与试验结果一致;根据肘板尺寸的不同,屈曲破坏的位置包括靠近肋骨的横梁腹板区域以及肘板与横梁过渡圆弧处的腹板区域;随着肘板臂长的增加,不同圆弧半径时节点的极限载荷均为先增大后趋于不变;随着圆弧半径的增加,肘板臂长较小的节点极限载荷缓慢上升,肘板臂长较大的节点极限载荷则近似呈线性增长趋势;面板厚度对极限载荷的影响较小,随着面板厚度的增加,极限载荷先缓慢增加后趋于不变。     

加肋凹型锥环柱破坏机理研究

采用Ansys有限元软件分析静水压力作用下加肋凹型锥环柱结合壳的受力特点;运用弧长法对其破坏过程进行仿真分析.通过分析锥、环、柱三部分各自位移最大点及环壳两端肋骨的载荷-应力和载荷-位移关系.对加肋凹型锥环柱结合壳的破坏模式和破坏机理进行研究,并对破坏过程中出现环壳中面应力在破坏前卸载和环壳两端肋骨的高应力的现象做出合理的解释.     

1/4 圆弧面沉箱防波堤设计分项系数研究(英文)

The quarter-circular caisson breakwater (QCB) is a new type of breakwater, and it can be applied in deepwater. The stability of QCB under wave force action can be enhanced, and the rubble mound engineering can be less than that of semi-circular breakwaters in deepwater. In order to study the wave force distribution acting on the QCB, to find wave force formula for this type of breakwater, firstly in this paper, the distribution characteristics of the horizontal force, the downward vertical force and the uplift force on the breakwater were gotten based on physical model wave flume experiments and on the analysis of the wave pressure experimental data. Based on a series of physical model tests acted by irregular waves, a kind of calculation method, which was modified by Goda formula, was proposed to carry out the wave force on the QCB. Secondly, the reliability method with correlated variables was adopted to analyze the QCB, considering the high correlation between wave forces or moments. Utilizing the observed wave data in engineering field, the reliability index and failure probability of QCB were obtained. Finally, a factor Q=0.9 is given to modify the zero pressure height above SWL of QCB, and wave force partial coefficient 1.34 to the design expressions of QCB for anti-sliding, as well as 1.67 for anti-overturning, were presented.     

基于故障树贝叶斯网络的装备故障诊断方法研究

针对复杂系统故障诊断的难点,通过某装备信息机的实例给出了一种基于故障树贝叶斯网络的故障诊断方法。该方法通过结构转变、证据传播,采用局部计算进行故障概率推理,不仅使FBN故障概率推理简洁易行,而且使FBN故障概率推理的复杂性大大降低。