共查询到13条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
人造金刚石生产废水中镍回收的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人造金刚石生产废水中含有较高浓度的镍离子,对环境有严重的污染,又具有一定的回收经济价值.采用离子交换浓缩、调整溶液pH值、扩展阴极等电解回收工艺可以将废水中99%的镍回收.回收过程可取得良好的经济效益. 相似文献
2.
The influence of temperature, chloride ions and sulfide ions on the anticorrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel in simulated cooling water was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and anodic polarization curves. The results show that the film resistance increases with the solution temperature but decreases after 8 days' immersion, which indicates that the film formed at higher temperature has inferior anticorrosion behavior; Chloride ions and sulfide ions have remarkable effects on the electrochemical property of 316L stainless steel in simulated cooling water and the pitting potential declines with the concentration of chloride ions; the passivation current has no obvious effect; the rise of the concentration of sulfide ions obviously increases the passivation current, but the pitting potential changes little, which indicates that the two types of ions may have different effects on destructing passive film of stainless steel. The critical concentration of chloride ions causing anodic potential curve's change in simulated cooling water is 250 mg/L for 316 L stainless. The effect of sulfide ions on the corrosion resistance behavior of stainless steel is increasing the passivation current density Ip. The addition of 6 mg/L sulfide ions to the solution makes Ip of 316 L increase by 0.5 times. 相似文献
3.
Novel hybrid Cu matrix composites reinforced by graphite (Gr) particle with volume fraction of 5%?C15% and nano-SiC particle (nano-SiCp) with volume fraction of 3% have been prepared by powder metallurgy. The results show that Gr and nano-SiCp distribute uniformly in the Cu matrix. With increasing the volume fraction of Gr, the tensile strength of the composites decreases from 114 to 51MPa and the elastic modulus decreases from 75 to 60GPa. Compared with the sintered composites, the tensile properties including elastic modulus, tensile strength, yield strength and tensile elongation of the hot-extruded (nano-SiCp+Gr)/Cu composites are improved greatly due to higher relative density of the composites and more uniform distribution of Gr and nano-SiCp, in addition to finer grain size of the matrix as a result of dynamic recovery and recrystallization which occur during hot extrusion process. 相似文献
4.
通过实验的方法研究了Al-不锈钢电刷镀Ni/Cu过渡层钎焊中Ni层的作用,并对Ni层进行了机理分析.研究结果表明,Ni层能很好地起到阻挡Al,Fe等原子扩散的作用,界面上虽然生成了少量的AlCu3,但不影响焊缝的强度,接头的强度能达到33.6 MPa. 相似文献
5.
在车辆轻量化设计过程中, 为了预测BFRP/铝合金粘接接头在服役温度下的静态失效行为, 加工了处于拉应力、剪应力与拉剪组合应力状态的粘接接头, 根据车辆服役温度特点, 选取-40℃、-10℃、20℃、50℃、80℃五个温度测点, 通过准静态拉伸试验, 得到不同应力状态下接头失效强度随温度的变化规律, 分析了粘接接头失效形式和失效准则; 基于粘接接头在不同温度下的拉、剪应力, 建立了接头的二次应力失效准则方程, 对不同温度下的接头强度进行失效预测。分析结果表明: 粘接接头的失效强度受温度的影响明显, 随温度升高, 失效强度减小; 粘接接头中剪应力和拉应力的不同占比也会对接头失效强度造成一定的影响, 随着剪应力比例增大, 温度升高使接头失效强度下降更明显; 相比于低温-40℃, 高温80℃时的拉伸接头与剪切接头失效强度的下降幅度分别为47.77%与61.49%;随着温度升高, 粘接剂的失效应力和杨氏模量逐渐减小, 而失效应变逐渐增大, 说明温度很大程度上影响了粘接剂的力学性能; 粘接接头失效形式为内聚和纤维撕裂的混合失效, 拉应力作用下接头更容易发生纤维撕裂, 并且随温度升高, 纤维撕裂面积减小, 因此, 为了防止纤维撕裂, 需要避免粘接接头受拉应力作用; 粘接接头在不同温度下的二次应力失效准则曲线拟合精度均在0.957以上, 并绘制了失效准则响应曲面, 直观反映了粘接接头失效强度在车辆服役温度下的变化规律。 相似文献
6.
The performance of vacuum arc remelting (VAR) ingot depends largely on ingot structure and chemical uniformity, which are
strongly influenced by molten pool profile that is influenced by VAR process. To better understand the effect of remelting
current on molten pool profile of titanium alloy ingot during VAR process, a 3D finite element model is developed by the ANSYS
software. The results show that there are three remelting stages during VAR process when the remelting current is 2.0 kA.
The molten pool depth increases gradually from 30 to 320 s, then the change of molten pool depth is very small during the
steady state stage from 320 to 386 s, and lastly the molten pool depth becomes shallow after 386 s. The melting rate and temperature
of superheat increase with the remelting current increasing, which leads to the augment of molten pool volume. In the end,
the total remelting time and steady state molten pool time decrease with the melting current from 1.6 to 2.8 kA. 相似文献
7.
Red mud-fly ash based cementitious material mixed with different contents of oil shale calcined at 700°C is investigated in this paper. The effect of active Si and Al content on the solidification of Na+ during the hydration process is determined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), 27Al and 29Si magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR), infrared (IR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is shown that the content of oil shale has a remarkable effect on the solidified content of Na+. The hydration process generates a highly reactive intermediate gel phase formed by co-polymerisation of individual alumina and silicate species. This kind of gel is primarily considered as 3D framework of SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedra interlinked by the shared oxygen atoms randomly. The negative charges and four-coordinated Al inside the network are mainly charge-balanced by Na+. The solidifying mechanism of Na+ is greatly attributed to the forming of this kind of gel. 相似文献
8.
为了提高位于液化土层桥梁桩基的抗震性能, 基于三向六自由度大型振动台模型试验, 分析了地震波作用下桩顶水平位移、桩身加速度及弯矩等动力响应, 并研究了地震波加载后桩基的损伤。试验结果表明: 在地震波作用下, 随着液化层埋深的增加, 土体液化后产生的侧扩效果逐渐减弱, 因此, 桩顶水平位移峰值逐渐减小, 但是当地震加速度超过0.6g时, 桩顶水平位移峰值不受液化层埋深的影响; 因地震荷载作用下粉细砂土层液化, 桩身加速度在该土层位置明显增大; 上部覆盖层压力作用使土层抗剪强度增大, 因此, 桩顶放大系数随着液化层深度的增加而增大, 且桩顶放大系数在Kobe波作用下最大, 5002波作用下最小, 砂土液化同时造成土层强度降低, 从而使桩身加速度在该土层出现放大效应; 桩身弯矩最大值均出现在液化层和非液化层分界处, 且在相同强度地震波作用下, 桩身弯矩最大值随着液化层埋深的增加呈增大趋势, 当地震加速度从0.30g增大到0.35g后, 桩身弯矩增幅为33.3%, 增幅最大; 不同类型地震波对桩基的破坏程度并无差异, 在加速度0.35g作用下, 桩基基频无变化, 但当地震波强度超过0.40g时, 桩基基频从1.65 Hz突降到0.45 Hz, 因砂土层液化产生侧向位移, 桩身剪切变形, 最终导致桩基损坏。综上所述, 当液化层较浅时, 应重点考虑地震波作用下过大的桩顶水平位移; 在桩基抗震设计时, 必须考虑液化层和非液化层分界处桩基的抗弯能力和液化层埋深的影响。 相似文献
9.
为了给车辆粘接结构的碰撞安全提供参考, 选取玄武岩纤维复合材料(BFRP)制作了单搭接接头; 根据车辆服役环境, 选取温度/湿度为80℃/30%和80℃/95%两种环境(GWCS和GWGS), 对接头分别进行了0、5、10和15 d的老化, 通过准静态拉伸测试了失效载荷和失效形式随时间的变化规律; 利用差示扫描量热法分析了BFRP和粘接剂在老化前、后的玻璃态转变温度; 对未老化和老化15 d后的接头进行了冲击能量为0、20、40和60 J的横向冲击试验, 分析了能量吸收、最大冲击载荷和最大变形随冲击能量的变化规律, 同时测试了接头失效载荷和失效形式的变化规律。分析结果表明: GWCS环境下, 老化后接头失效载荷下降比较小, 粘接剂发生后固化反应, BFRP发生分子链断裂, 接头更容易发生基体开裂或者纤维撕裂; GWGS环境下, 老化能明显加速接头性能的退化, 容易造成粘接剂与BFRP界面发生水解和膨胀, 老化15 d后失效载荷下降了54.99%, 失效断面为界面与内聚为主的混合失效; GWCS环境下, 老化后接头具有较好的承受冲击载荷和抵抗变形的能力, 冲击后失效载荷变化不大; GWGS环境下, 老化后接头受横向冲击影响明显, 承受冲击载荷和抵抗变形的能力较差, 在60 J冲击后接头表面损伤严重, 失效载荷下降明显, 下降幅度为58.71%, 失效断面为界面与内聚为主的混合失效, 损伤裂纹较为明显。可见, 车辆服役过程中, 粘接结构需尽量避免受高温高湿环境的作用, 尤其注意横向冲击对老化后粘接结构的影响。 相似文献
10.
以广西酸雨重灾区百色膨胀土为研究对象, 模拟不同酸性条件(pH值分别为3、5、7) 开展无荷膨胀率、膨胀力与线缩率试验, 研究酸雨对其胀缩性能的影响, 并采用扫描电镜(SEM) 图像和X射线衍射(XRD) 图谱分析了其微观结构与矿物成分, 运用IPP图像处理软件定量分析了SEM图像中试样的微结构。研究结果表明: 试样起始含水率降低时, 酸性环境对其膨胀变形的促进作用加大; 起始含水率由17%降至9%时, 不同酸性环境下试样的无荷膨胀率之差变大, 相比中性溶液, pH值为3和5的酸性溶液浸泡试样的无荷膨胀率增幅分别由20.6%和5.6%增至26.9%和7.0%;随着溶液pH值的减小, 试样无荷膨胀率、膨胀力与线缩率均呈阶段性增长; 相比中性溶液, pH值为3的酸性溶液浸泡试样的实测无荷膨胀率、膨胀力与线缩率分别增加了24.3%、37.5%和16.9%;环境酸性越强, 试样水分蒸发的速度越快, 脱湿至稳定时的含水率越低, 受酸侵蚀土的孔隙数和尺寸随之增加; 当溶液pH值从7分别降至5和3时, 土体孔隙率由8.7%分别增至11.9%和19.4%, 直径为3~5 μm的孔隙数急剧增多; 酸性环境使矿物结晶的程度变差, 其中游离的SiO2、Al2O3、K2O、MgO和CaO等胶结物出现不同程度的溶蚀和淋滤, 使原叠聚体间的结构联结强度减弱, 由面面叠聚结构逐渐向边边结构演化, 环境酸性愈强, 这种演化趋势愈剧烈, 直接导致膨胀土的胀缩变形增大。 相似文献
11.
Effect of LaNiO3 interlayer on the dielectric properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin film on Si substrate
In this study, (100)-oriented growth of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) /LaNiO3 (LNO) stacks was obtained on Pt(111)/SiO2/Si substrates by r.f. magnetron sputtering. The orientation of the subsequently deposited Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin film was strongly affected by the LNO under layer, and the BST thin film deposited on the (100)LNO-coated Si substrate
was also found to have a significant (100)-oriented texture. Effects of LNO interlayer on the dielectric properties of BST
thin films were investigated. As a result, the tunability of BST thin film was greatly improved with the insertion of (100)-oriented
LNO under layer with proper thickness.
Foundation item: the National Key Lab of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology (No. 9140C 790310060C79) and the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (No. 60701012) 相似文献
12.
Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) thin films have been deposited on glass substrate by reactive magnetron sputtering method using Cu target and argon oxygen gas atmosphere. Effect of oxygen flow rate on structural and optical properties of thin films has been discussed. The results of X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and atomic force micrograph indicated that the condition window for single Cu2O phase was about 3.8 to 4.4 cm3/min, and the optimum oxygen flow rate was 4.2 cm3/min. The optical band gap E g of Cu2O film was determined by using the data of transmittance versus wavelength, and slightly decreased from 2.46 to 2.40 eV with the increase of oxygen flow rate from 3.8 to 4.4 cm3/min. The Cu2O film formed at the oxygen flow rate of 4.2 cm3/min had an optical band gap of 2.43 eV. 相似文献
13.
研究了抗坏血酸对CH2(COOH)2-BrO-3-Mn2+-H2SO4体系化学振荡反应的影响,考察了该体系中各反应物的初始浓度范围及主要影响因素.结果表明:在5.7×10-4 ~ 8.5×10-2mol/L的范围内,抗坏血酸对振荡反应的诱导期有较大影响,且抗坏血酸的浓度与振幅及抗坏血酸浓度的对数与诱导期倒数的对数均存在良好线形关系.诱导期和周期的表观活化参数分别为56.63 kJ/mol,73.81 kJ/mol;同时还对抗坏血酸参与下可能振荡反应机理进行了探讨. 相似文献