激光熔覆镍基自熔性合金(Ni60A)热循环特性及力学性能

为了确定激光3D打印镍基合金的最优熔覆工艺参数，研究其制备过程中的温度场和应力场.基于ANSYS(采用高斯移动热源),对镍基合金粉末过程进行数值模拟仿真，并对不同激光输出功率下激光制备镍基自熔性合金涂层的温度场(瞬间温度)和应力场进行分析.结果表明，高斯激光中心区域的温度和复合涂层的残余应力都随激光功率的增加而增大，且残余应力是导致激光涂层产生裂纹的主要原因.可以通过调整激光功率到合适的数值来降低热影响区，并制约裂纹、孔洞等缺陷的产生.     

基于三维串热源的MIG焊接过程传热计算

建立了工件任意一移动点热源作用下温度场的瞬态模型,将MIG焊接热输入近似处理为沿3个坐标轴的三维串热源.计算了MIG焊瞬态温度场及焊接热循环,计算表明该模型能较精确地计算出焊缝横截面的几何形状,而且计算速度快.焊接工艺实验验证了该计算模型的可靠性.     

激光熔覆过程中单个颗粒温升的解析公式

提出了激光熔覆过程中单个粉末颗粒温升的解析公式,该公式考虑了粉末颗粒的固液相变及颗粒材料热物性参数随温度的变化。通过具体算例验证了考虑粉末颗粒固液相变的必要性以及发展公式的有效性。考虑和未考虑相变计算的单个颗粒的温度结果相差超过200℃。将应用发展公式预测结果与已有的仿真结果进行对比,结果表明：直径为85、75和55μm的颗粒,两个结果的相对误差分别为5.5%、5.3%和11.6%。研究结果为激光熔覆及增材过程中颗粒温升的精确计算提供了理论参考。     

基于ANSYS平台的堆焊热应力的动态模拟

建立适当的有限元模型，对平板堆焊过程中温度场、应力场的瞬态变化以及焊后的残余应力和变形进行动态模拟．利用ANSYS软件的APDL语言编写程序，实现移动焊接热源的施加，并采用生死单元法模拟熔池金属的熔化和凝固．     

堆焊温度场的三维动态模拟

对堆焊温度场进行了三维瞬态数值模拟，利用ANSYS软件的APDL语言编写程序，实现在移动热源载荷下的有限元计算，采用过渡网格划分技术，减少了有限元模型的节点数，缩短了计算时间。     

激光相变硬化处理热过程的计算机模拟

建立了激光相变硬化处理三维准稳态温度场数值分析模型，该模型考虑了材料热物性参数随温度改变、工件表面散热以及相变潜热等因素的影响，采用有限差分法计算了４５钢不同工艺参数处理的温度场，得到了工艺参数与材料相变硬化区尺寸的关系，在此基础上，制定了激光相变硬化工艺规范图，通过计算机模拟预测了激光相变硬化层深度并与实验数据进行了比较，预测结果与实验数据吻合良好。     

船用焚烧炉燃烧过程的模拟分析研究

在三维数值模拟基本原理的基础上,对船用焚烧炉建立三维几何模型和数学模型,用GAMBIT软件建模,借助CFD计算流体力学燃烧模型对焚烧炉炉膛部分进行燃烧过程模拟,以及对烟囱部分进行流场数值模拟,并分析炉膛内温度场的分布,以及烟囱内温度场、压力场和速度场的分布.分析结果证实了焚烧炉的结构设计可行性.     

齿轮温度场的有限元方法

介绍了一种能在ＰＣ机上实现的计算齿轮三维本体温度场的有限元方法，包括物理模型的建立、有限元方程组、边界条件的处理等，最后给出了计算实例。     

原位自生陶瓷颗粒增强激光熔覆层微观组织结构及TiC晶体形貌生长机制

采用激光熔覆工艺在45碳钢表面用自配Ni60+(B_4C+Ti)粉末体系制备了陶瓷颗粒含量不同的激光熔覆层,用XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM及显微硬度计等分析手段,详细研究了熔覆层的微观组织结构,分析研究了熔覆层中原位自生TiC颗粒形貌及生长机制.激光熔覆层中不仅形成设计的原位自生TiC、TiB2颗粒,还形成CrFeB、Cr_7C_3等相.其中颗粒状TiC颗粒较均匀的分布在熔覆层中,有时会呈"串点"分布,熔体中生长充分时形成枝晶状,根据晶体生长理论分析并提出了TiC枝晶的生长模型.     

鼓式制动器循环制动瞬态温度场仿真

依据鼓式制动器结构特点和传热学理论,分析了鼓式制动器生热散热过程,运用有限元软件ANSYS建立某鼓式制动器瞬态温度场仿真模型,得出在重复制动工况下制动鼓的温升过程,分析了瞬态温度场的变化情况。根据国家标准进行热衰退试验,通过修改仿真模型的热边界条件,使仿真温度曲线与试验曲线相吻合,确定了鼓式制动器瞬态温度场分析的边界条件及模拟方法。     

Effect of remelting current on molten pool profile of titanium alloy ingot during vacuum arc remelting process

The performance of vacuum arc remelting (VAR) ingot depends largely on ingot structure and chemical uniformity, which are strongly influenced by molten pool profile that is influenced by VAR process. To better understand the effect of remelting current on molten pool profile of titanium alloy ingot during VAR process, a 3D finite element model is developed by the ANSYS software. The results show that there are three remelting stages during VAR process when the remelting current is 2.0 kA. The molten pool depth increases gradually from 30 to 320 s, then the change of molten pool depth is very small during the steady state stage from 320 to 386 s, and lastly the molten pool depth becomes shallow after 386 s. The melting rate and temperature of superheat increase with the remelting current increasing, which leads to the augment of molten pool volume. In the end, the total remelting time and steady state molten pool time decrease with the melting current from 1.6 to 2.8 kA.     

Numerical simulation of fluid flow caused by buoyancy forces during vacuum arc remelting process

The metallurgical structure and composition of ingots which depend critically on the fluid motion within the molten pool during the vacuum arc remelting (VAR) process have important effect on the subsequent mechanical processes like forging, rolling and welding. In order to determine the fluid motion of molten pool, a 2D finite element model is established using ANSYS10.0 software, combined with the turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer. The fluid motion caused by thermo buoyancy forces is investigated at different VAR processes in the present study. The results indicate that the fluid flows symmetrically along the axis of the molten pool and clockwisely along the circle at the right pool’s profile. It is also shown that the maximum velocity increases with increasing melting rate and a direct proportional relationship exists.     

Analysis of stress and strain fields of laser cladding process on ring circular orbit

The cracking of coatings and the deformation of base frustrate the application of laser cladding technology especially on surface of the ring circular orbit. In order to solve the two problems above, the stress and strain fields of the laser cladding process on the ring circular orbit were analyzed through the finite-element method, based on the temperature field. The wedge module of the ring circular ring was the subject investigated. The calculating results show that during the cladding process the crank point tends to generate the transversal crack; the centre point on the coating/base interface tends to generate longitudinal crack; the intersecting edge of the coating and base tends to generate toe crack. Moreover, the cracking tendency of the outer marginal point is obviously greater than that of the inner marginal point. The rather high stress appears at the border position where the constraint exists, and the stress on the point in front of molten pool under the range of laser irradiation is large as well. And the displacement becomes larger as the cladding process proceeds.     

铁水运输调度双层多目标约束优化模型

为实现铁水运输作业排程与资源分配的协同优化，基于约束程序累积调度和字典序多目标优化理论，研究了铁水运输调度双层多目标约束优化方法.首先，基于铁水罐周转率最高和作业效率最高2个字典序优化目标，考虑作业时序、作业实施逻辑、铁水温降时限、铁水罐作业次数限制、资源容量限制和铁水罐资源池等约束条件，建立了上层的铁水运输作业排程约束优化模型；其次，以资源利用均衡度最高为目标，将作业实施唯一性和资源容量限制作为约束条件，建立了下层的铁水运输资源分配约束优化模型；最后，通过约束传播与多点构建性搜索的混合算法迭代求解整个模型.通过实例验证表明：设计的混合算法求得的铁水罐周转率目标和运输作业效率目标，比基本深度优先回溯算法分别提高了14.29%和60.53%；字典序多目标模型比加权和单目标模型求解效率和求解质量分别提高了20.3%和11.11%.     

静磁场对熔融液滴振荡变形影响的相场模拟

为了解静磁场作用下熔融液滴振荡过程的特征,采用相场法数值模拟了硅熔体液滴的界面变形和内部对流过程,分析了轴向静磁场对初始形状为二阶Legendre函数硅熔体液滴界面振荡和内部对流的影响.研究表明:施加静磁场以后,液滴收缩较快,说明静磁场抑制了液滴内部流动;随着磁场强度从0增加至0.9 T,流函数最大值从0.57减小到0.08,液滴的界面振荡和内部对流逐渐减弱,液滴的长短轴比更快趋近于1,但磁场对液滴的振荡周期没有明显影响,显示相场法能够模拟密度较大的熔融液滴的界面振荡和内部对流过程.      

Establishment of particular methods in casting simulation

Casting simulation tool ADSTEFAN is useful to design casting technology of complicated iron castings. Based on the function of solidification analysis, special methods were taken to carry out the prediction and optimization of shake-out timing for large sized iron castings. It has been proved that these analyses are effective to iron casting production. During the research of cast iron semi-solid process, to predict and control the influence of inclined cooling plate on flow and heat transmission of molten iron, the basis of analysis model has been built in this study. Flow field simulation considering temperature field was carried out for further research and satisfied with the practical production.     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of splat formation on substrates in plasma spraying

Plasma sprayed coatings are built up by the accumulation of splats formed by the impacting, spreading and solidifying of molten droplets on the substrate. A three-dimensional computational model including heat transfer and solidification is established to simulate the formation process of a single splat using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, FLUENT. The fluid flow and energy equations are discretized and solved according to typical finite volume method on an unstructured grid. A volume of fluid (VOF) tracking algorithm is used to track the droplet flow with free surface. In order to understand the splat formation mechanism, the process of splat formation caused by impacting and spreading of a molten nickel droplet on a polished mild steel surface is simulated. On this basis, the simulations of impact of a molten droplet on substrate with different conditions including the surface morphology, thermal conductivity, initial temperature of the substrate and the thermal contact resistance are presented. The results clearly show the effect of those parameters on the shape of the final splat and splash behaviors.     

SBR胶粉改性沥青性能研究

研究了不同搅拌温度、不同掺量橡胶微粉(SBR)改性沥青的性能。试验表明,橡胶微粉掺量及搅拌温度对改性沥青性能有较大的影响,软化点、针入度及延度试验得出了最佳掺量和最佳搅拌温度。荧光显微试验、高温储存稳定性及流变性试验结果表明橡胶微粉改性沥青相比基质沥青具有更好的高、低温性能。     

320kA预焙铝电解槽电磁场分布计算与优化

利用ANSYS电磁场有限元法,建立了320 kA预焙铝电解槽三维电磁场有限元模型,计算了铝电解槽内的电场分布及磁场分布,计算结果与实测结果相吻合,验证了该模型的正确性.在此基础上提出了一种新型电解槽结构,并应用参数化设计语言（APDL）建立该结构的电磁场计算模型,以磁场为目标对该结构进行了整体优化.最终优化后电磁场分布表明：该结构铝电解槽能减小铝液层水平电流,磁场分布对称性好,有利于改善槽内铝液的流动状态,具备较大的节能潜力.     

胶粉改性沥青配比及性能试验研究

以山东滨州70号A级道路石油沥青作为基质沥青,对不同掺量的废旧轮胎橡胶粉改性沥青的常规性能和SHRP指标进行了试验研究．试验结果表明,随着胶粉掺量的增加,改性沥青的高温性能、低温性能和感温性能以及抗老化能力和抗变形能力均得到了提高．据此,推荐了改性沥青性价比优良的胶粉适宜掺量为15％左右,从而为胶粉改性沥青的应用提供参考．