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文章首先分析了公路建设过程中对环境造成的影响,而后阐述了公路工程在路线设计时应注意的环境问题,最后列举了提升公路设计线路与环境环保的举措,希望降低工程在建设过程中对环保造成的不利影响。 相似文献
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公路建设对经济和社会的发展有着不可替代的重要作用,但是公路施工也会给周边环境带来许多负面影响。文章就公路工程施工对环境的影响问题进行了研究,并探讨了优化环保监理的相关措施,以期为公路建设中的环境保护工作提供参考。 相似文献
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在公路施工中对环境所产生的各种不良影响也逐渐的被人们重视,虽然公路工程施工对环境的破坏很难完全避免,但是我们可以通过有效的环保措施尽量减少公路工程对周围环境造成的污染和破坏. 相似文献
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在公路工程设计中,路线是重要设计内容。为保证公路的行车安全与行车质量,设计人员需科学、合理地设计公路路线。设计人员在公路路线设计过程中,应严格遵守相关公路设计规范要求,了解、掌握公路工程现场实际情况,综合分析各种路线设计影响因素,对公路路线平面、纵断面、视距、生态环保等方面进行合理化设计。通过对公路路线设计中存在的问题及设计要点进行深入研究,为同类工程设计提供参考。 相似文献
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为解决公路工程建设施工中的安全问题,在明确公路工程施工安全管理工作的重要意义的基础上,对当前常见的安全事故类型及产生原因进行梳理,然后从人员、设施设备、环境与施工组织四个方面提出施工安全管理措施,以期为相关人员提供参考,提高公路工程施工安全管理水平,杜绝安全事故。 相似文献
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分析了公路工程开工前期、施工期等各个阶段对沿线自然环境造成的影响,有针对性地提出相应的环保措施,以减少公路工程给自然环境带来的不利影响. 相似文献
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为提高公路工程水泥稳定碎石基层质量,有效避免裂缝问题,结合多个项目实践经验,对基层裂缝成因进行研究。在此基础上提出相应的防治措施,具体包括控制路基不均匀沉降、原材料质量控制、水泥稳定碎石基层混合料配合比设计优化等,以期为相关工程提供参考,进一步提高公路工程使用寿命。 相似文献
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由于公路工程的特殊性,在施工过程中必然会产生较大的噪音,同时还会对整个生态环境造成一定的影响,随着人们环保意识的提高,公路建设过程中的环保问题逐渐引起社会公众的注意.基于此,本文针对公路工程施工过程中,如何有效避免对环境的污染进行了深入的探讨,同时针对具体问题提供解决办法,以供参考. 相似文献
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Ingmar Andrasson 《先进运输杂志》1998,32(1):23-34
A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996. 相似文献
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Steven I. Chien 《运输规划与技术》2013,36(3):211-227
A mathematical model is developed in this paper to improve the accessibility of a bus service. To formulate the optimization model, a segment of a bus route is given, on which a number of demand entry points are distributed realistically. The objective total cost function (i.e. the sum of supplier and user costs) is minimized by optimizing the number and locations of stops, subject to non‐additive users' value of time. A numerical example is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method thus developed to optimize the bus stop location problem. The sensitivity of the total cost to various parameters (e.g. value of users' time, access speed, and demand density) and the effect of the parameters on the optimal stop locations are analyzed and discussed. 相似文献
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David A. Hensher 《Transportation》1987,14(3):209-225
The established ownership mix of urban bus operations in Australia provides a unique opportunity to investigate the productivity differences between public and private bus service supply. Using duality theory in economics which links economic indices of factor productivity to the cost structure of a firm, we develop empirical measures of total and partial productivity of inputs, and adjust the differences for the effects of ownership status and operating environment. The evidence supports the notion that private supply of public passenger transport in general has performed more efficiently in the past than public supply, although the differences in productivity need not continue in the future. 相似文献
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In the next few years, exciting developments in the field of freight transport are likely to occur. The Channel Tunnel will be perceived as giving railways much greater distance of operation, compared to the current train ferry to/from Great Britain. The further development of swap-body technology will allow easier modal transfer and the creation, in 1992, of a single market in Europe will transform the pattern of trade. All of these are likely to have significant impacts on modal choice, and hence modal split, in freight transport. Reappraisal by many firms of the modes of transport used is likely but will it result in a net transfer of freight from road to rail and, if so, to what extent? To answer such questions, an accurate and reliable method of predicting modal split is required. Research in the past has concentrated on the development of modal split models based on generalised costs. These fail to explain adequately the prevalence of road freight in the UK. From surveys of freight managers within industry, it is clear that models to date rely too heavily on the economic cost factor and too little on behavioural factors (Jeffs 1985). This paper derives from a recent study of freight transport modal choice from the standpoint of the transport decision-maker within the firm. It attempts to shed light on the actual parameters which should be incorporated into a modal split model. Many variables appear to exert an influence on modal choice decision-making process. However, it is possible to categorise them into six main groups, namely: customer-requirements; product-characteristics; company structure/organisation; government interventions; available transport facilities; and perceptions of the decision-maker him/herself. It is the interactions and inter-relationships between these which ultimately determine freight modal split. This study has shown that the relationship between the outcome of the transport decision process and the values of particular determinants of modal split is not straight-forward, due to the complexity and variety of interactions involved. Perhaps one of the main reasons for researchers' failure hitherto to develop a successful modal-split model has been the preoccupation with techniques that rely on the development of common metric (e.g. generalised cost), which has led to the exclusion of some important explanatory variables along quite different dimensions. Another important issue concerns the appropriate level of aggregation. In order not to reduce the explanatory power of the key variables, it is important to work at a disaggregate level, although this does make substantial demands on data. The use of factor analysis enables both the aggregation of information without loss of behavioural reality and the specification of variables in terms of a common metric. In conclusion, freight transport has usually been examined within too narrow a framework. It must be placed firmly within the context of the total industrial process. The demand for freight transport is directly influenced by the level, composition and geographical distribution of production and consumption activities. Freight flows are complex and so it is highly unlikely that a universal mode-choice model can ever be developed. Future research should, therefore, be directed towards developing partial models in response to specific needs of those involved in decision-taking in the freight sector. 相似文献
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管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一(各因素的分值范围都是0~100分),为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。 相似文献
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The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side. 相似文献