潮流电站载体结构强度直接计算

潮流发电是一种新型的潮汐能利用技术,具有广阔的发展前景。潮流电站载体结构的设计好坏直接关系到潮流电站的安全性和可靠性。针对某潮流电站,建立载体结构有限元模型,参照相关规范要求,对其强度进行计算分析。计算结果表明:各个分析工况下的屈服和屈曲强度校核结果均满足规范要求。文中所得结论对潮流电站载体的设计具有参考意义。     

基于拓扑优化的油船货舱结构设计研究

研究油船货舱结构拓扑优化设计和普通构件级结构拓扑优化设计的不同点:如设计变量数目多、约束条件多、计算工况多以及计算工况之间应变能差异等。为使普通计算机也能运行舱段结构拓扑优化计算并得到清晰拓扑构型的结果,有必要对舱段拓扑优化设计的优化对象、单元类型、初始板厚、工具方法、约束条件、体积分数、工况加权权值等主要控制参数进行研究。文中给出工程上适用的舱段拓扑优化基结构建模方法和计算方法,并以某一单纵舱壁型VLCC为例,分别采用SIMP法和BESO法给出舱段主要支撑结构拓扑优化的清晰构型。     

柔性叶片潮流能水轮机计算流体力学数值模拟

在海洋能源开发领域,潮流能作为一种新型的能源形式受到的关注。本文对船舶使用的柔性叶片潮流能发电系统中的水轮机进行深入研究,建立基本的海水流体力学模型。首先对常见水轮机的结构特点进行设计建模,然后从能量守恒的角度,对流体的湍流方程进行参数优化。通过数值演算和导数优化,得到叶轮受力分布与运动速率之间的关系,并得到仿真曲线。     

引江济淮跌水工程汇流口通航条件三维数值模拟*

基于VOF法的RNG k-ε双方程紊流数学模型,对引江济淮工程韩桥跌水工程水流压强特性及下游通航水流流态进行三维数值模拟,对消能效果进行分析评价,并根据原布置方案的流速分布情况以及水流特性,对方案进行调整优化。结果表明：韩桥跌水工程原布置方案,在支流20 a一遇和5 a一遇流量通航工况条件下,汇流口横向流速值均不符合规划值要求,最大横向流速0.46和0.35 m/s;优化后的工程方案消能效果良好,汇流口区域横向流速与回流流速均满足设计要求,5 a一遇不利通航工况和20 a一遇设计通航工况最大横向流速分别为0.13和0.25 m/s,可作为推荐方案。     

基于响应面法的强力甲板结构优化设计

对于大型散货船,强力甲板是船体承受总纵弯矩及局部载荷的主要构件。特别是在压载工况下,强力甲板易出现结构问题,因此合理的强力甲板设计对船舶结构安全性和经济性十分重要。提出了基于响应面法的船体结构优化方法,并对一艘76 000 DWT散货船货舱段的强力甲板结构进行优化设计以验证该方法的有效性。在不同板厚尺寸、相同工况下进行甲板参数的灵敏度分析,选取适合的参数作为自变量。在计算出最大相当应力的基础上,应用响应面法的均匀设计试验方法,得出该舱段强力甲板最大应力与结构尺寸的函数表达式。以结构重量最轻为目标函数,在结构强度以及规范要求的最小厚度的约束条件下,对该舱段的强力甲板结构厚度进行优化。所得的优化结果说明该优化设计方法在实际工程中具有应用价值。     

水下清洗载具的结构设计与模态分析

由于水下清洗作业的需求日渐增大,研究具有针对性的水下特种作业载具成为当务之急。文章参考一种水下清洗的运行方法,设计了初始结构方案,建立了三维模型,按实际工况的受力来模拟作用力,采用有限元仿真的方法对框架进行静力学分析,并进行结构优化,优化后最大应力、应变和变形分别降低了52%、46%和65%。对优化后的框架结构进行了模态分析,求解出结构的前六阶固有频率,分别为78.371 Hz、95.771 Hz、143.74 Hz、165.79 Hz、201.1 Hz、213.4 Hz,其中后三阶振型变形较为严重。最后,明确了该优化的合理性,在静态载荷下框架所受应力满足相关规定,且固有频率远大于海水波浪频率,能有效避免共振。文章为进一步优化水下载具结构和研究其振动特性提供了理论基础。     

基于EDSA的海上油田电力组网潮流计算分析

海上油田平台电力组网已成为海上油气田输配电的趋势,能有效缓解海上油气田生产电力供需矛盾。利用EDSA对海上电力组网后形成较大规模电网进行潮流分析计算,对计算过程中的各种工况进行逐一分析对比,深入解析各工况下电网的参数,提出潮流计算需重视的内容,并确认最优潮流计算工况。     

83.8m平台支持船总纵强度分析及结构优化研究

以83.8 m石油平台支持船为研究对象,综合考虑波浪影响,共选取12种工况,应用结构强度直接计算的方法,获得了船舶在不同工况下的结构应力。以12种不同工况下的应力分析为基础,对船舶结构进行优化,确定优化方案;然后选择最危险工况校核结构优化后的平台支持船的总纵强度,确保船舶的安全性,并使船舶结构处于最优应力状态。该研究可以为类似船舶的结构设计提供参考。     

长江口河口湿地冲淤对潮流的影响研究

本文对长江口崇明东滩、横沙东滩和九段沙湿地的冲淤变化进行定量描述,应用FVCOM模型建立长江口三维潮流数值计算模型,重点模拟淤积1年、5年和10年三种工况下长江口各分支航道的潮位、潮时、潮流垂向结构变化。计算结果表明,长江口地区随着淤积程度的逐步加强,潮位、潮时、潮流垂向结构发生显著变化,并且越往上游,受影响程度逐次减弱。     

自升式钻井平台直升机平台强度分析与优化设计

以某型9l.44 m(300ft)自升式钻井平台为例,对直升机平台结构进行有限元强度分析。分析了均布载荷工况、直升机着陆冲击工况及直升机系留工况下的结构应力和变形,对优化前后的结构进行力学性能对比;并分析了优化设计对结构模态的影响。计算结果表明,各载荷工况下平台结构最危险位置均发生在上层建筑与直升机平台的连接处;通过优化桁架参数,达到了减轻自重、提高强度刚度的效果,且优化结果十分可观。     

三维竖轴潮流水轮机水动力性能研究

竖轴水轮机作为潮流能转换为电能的核心装置,其水动力性能的优劣将会直接影响到整体发电系统的效率。为了研究大型竖轴水轮机叶片安装角对水轮机水动力性能的影响,基于多参考系模型(MRF),采用Fluent软件对流场中的模型进行3D数值模拟。在转速和来流速度保持不变,改变安装角时,分析同种翼型5个不同安装角叶片对潮流能水轮机的水动力性能的影响。同时分析在同一安装角和旋转速度条件下,不同来流速度对水轮机水动力性能的影响。结果表明,叶片安装角对竖轴潮流水轮机的能量利用率影响较大,来流速度对水轮机叶片表面的静压力和输出功率具有一定的影响。研究结果对今后竖轴水轮机的设计和生产具有借鉴意义。     

叶轮级数对一种潮流水轮机水动力性能的影响研究

为了进一步提高潮流能水轮机叶轮的能量捕获性能(获能效率),对一种多级获能潮流水轮机叶轮进行了研究。利用ANSYS16.0 中的CFX流体仿真模块对一种潮流水轮机的叶轮级数进行了数值计算,对不同级数的叶轮进行水动力性能模拟,考察一、二、三级叶轮在不同流速下呈现的速度、压力分布以及流场压差变化情况,并通过样机实验进行了验证。结果表明,叶轮级数的增加可以提高轮机对水流能量的捕获性能；就各个流速工况下的整体获能系数而言,三级叶轮最佳,但启动性能有所下降,三级叶轮启动流速在0.75m/s左右；三级叶轮的最优水速在1.5m/s左右,理想状态下获能效率可达51%上下。     

剪切流对水平轴潮流能水轮机水动力性能影响

为了研究剪切流下潮流能水平轴水轮机水动力载荷特性,本文基于CFD方法,建立剪切流模型,计算了剪切流下水平轴水轮机的水动力载荷,并分析得出剪切率对水动力载荷的影响规律。结果表明：剪切流情况下,水动力载荷系数时历曲线发生明显波动,除弯矩系数的波动频率和叶轮旋转频率一致外,其他系数的波动频率均是叶轮旋转频率的2倍,且剪切率越大,水动力载荷系数的波动幅值就越大;随着速比增大,弯矩系数的波动幅值逐渐增加,而侧向力系数波动幅值先增加再减小,在最优速比左右达到最大值。研究成果可为潮流能水平轴水轮机的结构设计和性能优化提供依据。     

Computational study on multi-objective optimization of the diffuser augmented horizontal axis tidal turbine

Journal of Marine Science and Technology - The result from a multi-objective optimization on the outlet diffuser angle of the tidal turbine is presented with a focus on the turbine efficiency and...     

海上风电场风机桩基局部冲刷计算

建设海上风电场时,风机所处的海洋环境十分复杂,在风、浪、流等气象水文要素的影响下,风机桩基周围会出现冲刷坑,进而影响风机基础的稳定。因此,风机桩基的局部冲刷深度是工程设计的重要参数。采用埕岛油田海洋平台桩基局部冲刷现场观测资料,对国内常用的2个计算桩基局部冲刷深度的经验公式(韩海骞公式和王汝凯公式)进行验证,运用波流合成速度代替纯潮流速度。结果表明该海域波浪对泥沙的作用不可忽略。韩海骞公式重新计算的结果与实测值吻合良好。     

海流发电机翼型研发进展及优化设计研究

随着化石能源不断枯竭和环保要求的不断提高,世界各国对海流能的开发利用愈加重视,各种利用海流流动动能发电的技术得到了不断突破。本文通过对国内外海流能发电的状况的调研,对叶片翼型的发展进行了总结,并对发电涡轮机叶片翼型的进行了分析和优化,提出了一种新的阻力较小的海流发电机翼型。     

Improving Tidal Turbine Performance Through Multi-Rotor Fence Configurations

Constructive interference between tidal stream turbines in multi-rotor fence configurations arrayed normally to the flow has been shown analytically, computationally, and experimentally to enhance turbine performance. The increased resistance to bypass flow due to the presence of neighbouring turbines allows a static pressure difference to develop in the channel and entrains a greater flow rate through the rotor swept area. Exploiting the potential improvement in turbine performance requires that turbines either be operated at higher tip speed ratios or that turbines are redesigned in order to increase thrust. Recent studies have demonstrated that multi-scale flow dynamics, in which a distinction is made between device-scale and fence-scale flow events, have an important role in the physics of flow past tidal turbine fences partially spanning larger channels. Although the reduction in flow rate through the fence as the turbine thrust level increases has been previously demonstrated, the within-fence variation in turbine performance, and the consequences for overall farm performance, is less well understood. The impact of turbine design and operating conditions, on the performance of a multi-rotor tidal fence is investigated using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes embedded blade element actuator disk simulations. Fences consisting of four, six, and eight turbines are simulated, and it is demonstrated that the combination of device- and fence-scale flow effects gives rise to cross-fence thrust and power variation. These cross-fence variations are also a function of turbine thrust, and hence design conditions, although it is shown simple turbine control strategies can be adopted in order to reduce the cross-fence variations and improve overall fence performance. As the number of turbines in the fence, and hence fence length, increases, it is shown that the turbines may be designed or operated to achieve higher thrust levels than if the turbines were not deployed in a fence configuration.

     

通过多转子防护装置提高潮汐水轮机性能的策略（英文）

Constructive interference between tidal stream turbines in multi-rotor fence configurations arrayed normally to the flow has been shown analytically, computationally, and experimentally to enhance turbine performance. The increased resistance to bypass flow due to the presence of neighbouring turbines allows a static pressure difference to develop in the channel and entrains a greater flow rate through the rotor swept area. Exploiting the potential improvement in turbine performance requires that turbines either be operated at higher tip speed ratios or that turbines are redesigned in order to increase thrust. Recent studies have demonstrated that multi-scale flow dynamics, in which a distinction is made between device-scale and fence-scale flow events, have an important role in the physics of flow past tidal turbine fences partially spanning larger channels. Although the reduction in flow rate through the fence as the turbine thrust level increases has been previously demonstrated, the within-fence variation in turbine performance, and the consequences for overall farm performance, is less well understood. The impact of turbine design and operating conditions, on the performance of a multi-rotor tidal fence is investigated using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes embedded blade element actuator disk simulations. Fences consisting of four, six, and eight turbines are simulated, and it is demonstrated that the combination of device-and fence-scale flow effects gives rise to cross-fence thrust and power variation. These cross-fence variations are also a function of turbine thrust, and hence design conditions,although it is shown simple turbine control strategies can be adopted in order to reduce the cross-fence variations and improve overall fence performance. As the number of turbines in the fence, and hence fence length, increases, it is shown that the turbines may be designed or operated to achieve higher thrust levels than if the turbines were not deployed in a fence configuration.     

国际潮流能利用技术发展综述

潮流能是一种环保可再生的海洋新能源，随着世界各国重视潮流能的开发与利用，潮流能技术在国际上取得了不断突破。本文在简述国内外潮流能发电历程的基础上，重点介绍了近五年来国际潮流能技术现状及最新进展，对已建、在建的各种潮流能发电站的实验状况、实际并网发电应用情况进行了阐述，同时总结了各种潮流能水轮机的装机容量、累计发电量、额定功率等情况。通过国内外潮流能技术的应用分析，总结了目前潮流能开发利用存在的问题，并针对我国潮流能发展现状和趋势提出了几点建议。     

梅西河潮流能水轮机开发的场地选择评价研究（英文）

This paper used a specialist software package to produce a detailed model of the River Mersey estuary, which can be subjected to a range of simulated tidal conditions. The aim of this research was to use the validated model to identify the optimal location for the positioning of a tidal turbine. Progress was made identifying a new optimal site for power generation using velocity data produced from simulations conducted using the MIKE 3 software. This process resulted in the identification of site 8, which sits mid-river between the Morpeth Dock and the Albert Dock, being identified as the favoured location for tidal power generation in the River Mersey. Further analysis of the site found that a 17.2-m diameter single rota multidirectional turbine with a 428-kW-rated capacity could produce 1.12 GWh annually.