中间过渡金属对阻尼铜与不锈钢扩散焊接头强度的影响

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针及X射线衍仪射仪等,采用加中间过渡金属Ni、Cu后,铜合金Cu Al Be与不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti扩散焊接接头的结合强度进行了试验研究。结果表明,在相同条件下,采用中间层的接头强度明显高于采用Cu中间层的接头强度;但当Ni箔较薄时,Al与Fe及Ni将发生相互作用,形成金属间化合物Fe2Al等,     

中间过渡金属对阻泥铜与不锈钢扩散焊接头强度的影响

利用金相显微镜,扫描电阄,电子探针及Ｘ射线衍仪射要用加中间过渡金属Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ后,铜合金ＣｕＡｌＢｅ与不锈钢１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ扩散焊接头的结合强度进行了试验研究。结果表明,在相同条件下,采用Ｎｉ中间层的接头强度明显高于采用Ｃｕ中间层的接头强度;但当Ｎｉ箔较薄时,Ａｌ与Ｆｅ及Ｎｉ将发生相互作用,形成金属间化合物Ｆｅ２Ａｌ等,从而降低了接头性能;当温度较高时,由于Ｎｉ在Ｃｕ中的扩散速度大于Ｃｕ在ＮＩＫ     

Ti(C,N)-Al_2O_3与40Cr焊接界面组织与接头强度研究

采用Cu73Ti27/Cu/Ag72Cu28非对称中间层,通过辅助脉冲电流液相扩散焊和常规钎焊,对Ti(C,N)-Al_2O_3陶瓷基复合材料和40 Cr钢进行了焊接试验,利用扫描电镜研究了焊接界面的微观组织及元素扩散行为.结果表明:辅助脉冲电流液相扩散焊可以减少焊缝中Cu-Ti金属间化合物的生成量,从而提高焊接接头的强度;液相区宽度随着焊接温度的提高而增加.而常规钎焊因为焊接温度较高,保温时间较长,易生成大量的Cu-Ti金属间化合物,降低了接头强度.     

Al2O3／Kovar钎焊接头裂纹冶金因素分析

为了研究Al2O3陶瓷／Kovar钎焊时出现的裂纹问题，本试验采用Ti—Cu—Ni活性钎料钎焊Al2O3陶瓷／Kovar(可伐合金)，通过扫描电镜观察钎焊接头的微观组织并对所含成分进行分析，得出裂纹处的成分组成。分析结果表明：Al2O3／Ti—Cu—Ni／Kovar钎焊接头产生裂纹的主要原因是Kovar中的Fe元素与钎料中的Ti元素相互反应，在界面形成了FexTiy金属间化合物，导致接头产生裂纹，并提出了减少裂纹的2种方法。     

陶瓷-金属二次部分瞬间液相连接接头残余应力分析

利用热弹塑性有限元方法,模拟分析了Si3N4陶瓷与Ni合金进行二次部分瞬间液相连接接头残余应力分布状态和中间层对此连接接头应力分布的影响.结果表明在靠近连接界面附近的陶瓷外表面存在最大拉伸应力;有中间过渡层的接头应力出现大幅度的降低.分析认为陶瓷与金属之间热膨胀系数的重大差异是导致残余应力的主要原因;采用中间过渡层能缓和接头的残余应力,提高接头强度.     

陶瓷—金属二次部分瞬间液相连接接头残余应力分析

利用热弹塑性有限元方法，模拟分析了Si3N4陶瓷与Ni合金进行二次部分瞬间液相连接接头残余应力分布状态和中间层对此连接接头应力分布的影响。结果表明：在靠近连接界面附近的陶瓷外表面存在最大拉伸应力；有中间过渡层的接头应力出现大幅度的降低。分析认为：陶瓷与金属之间热膨胀系数的重大差异是导致残余应力的主要原因；采用中间过渡层能缓和接头的残余应力，提高接头强度。     

变形率对CuAlBe合金与不锈钢扩散焊接头强度的影响

针对CuAlBe合金与不锈钢扩散连接,研究了扩散焊工艺参数对接头变形率的影响以及接头的变形率与接头强度的关系.研究结果表明:随温度、压力和时间增加,CuAlBe合金变形率迅速增加,而1Cr18Ni9Ti变形率较小;随变形率增加,界面紧密接触,接头强度增加;当变形率较小时界面有未焊合存在.液相扩散焊时,随变形率增加,接头强度增加.     

40Cr钢与YG8硬质合金的真空钎焊工艺研究

选用CuMnNi钎料,对40Cr钢与YG8硬质合金进行真空钎焊试验,研究钎焊温度和Ni中间层对钎焊接头性能的影响,并用三点弯曲试验确定最佳工艺参数;通过使用扫描电镜观察显微组织及能谱分析钎料中各元素在母材中的扩散情况,并结合钎料在40Cr钢和YG8硬质合金上铺展的润湿角的比较,探讨了该钎料与母材的结合性能。结果表明,采用0.2 mm Ni中间层在1020℃下钎焊,钎料与母材、中间层结合较好,无裂纹等缺陷,强度有一定提高。     

SiC陶瓷与金属连接

综述了SiC陶瓷/金属的连接方法、活性金属的使用现状、界面产物及确定方法,指出了扩散焊和活性金属钎焊是实现SiC陶瓷/金属连接的最有效方法,分析了界面产物对强度的影响,得出接头强度取决于界面产物的种类、数量、分布等,特别是当界面产生层状脆性化合物时强度显著下降的结论.     

ICP-AES法测定霍加拉特剂中7种金属元素

采用王水湿式消化处理样品,建立了ICP-AES法同时测定霍加拉特剂中Mn、Cu、Na、Al、Ca、Mg和Fe等7种金属元素的方法。通过谱线选择、条件优化和基体匹配等方法消除元素间干扰和基体效应,探讨了酸类型及酸度值对谱线强度的影响,研究了溶液浓度对精密度及线性相关系数的影响。方法的线性相关系数均大于0.999,Mn、Cu、Na、Al、Ca、Mg和Fe的最佳谱线分别为Mn257.610nm、Cu327.393nm、Na589.592nm、Al396.153nm、Ca317.933nm、Mg285.213nm、Fe238.204nm,相应的检出限分别为0.0008、0.0009、0.012、0.028、0.010、0.001、0.004μg/mL,对应测定值的相对标准偏差分别为0.34%、0.87%、0.87%、0.54%、0.48%、0.84%、0.55%,加标回收率为94.2%～104.4%。该方法简便、快捷、准确,可在测定其他催化剂中金属含量时推广应用。     

锌铝药芯钎焊丝钎焊铝/铜接头性能及组织

采用5种不同成分的锌铝药芯钎焊丝钎焊铝/铜接头,研究钎料成分对接头剪切强度和耐蚀性的影响.研究结果表明：对于同成分的锌铝药芯钎焊丝,采用火焰钎焊的铝/铜接头抗剪强度比炉中钎焊高,Zn80Al20药芯钎焊丝钎焊的铝/铜接头强度最高;随钎料中Al含量降低,铝/铜接头的耐蚀性变差,Zn72Al28药芯钎焊丝钎焊的铝/铜接头耐腐蚀性最好.相同条件下,火焰钎焊铝/铜接头的耐蚀性明显好于炉中钎焊的接头;Zn80Al20药芯钎焊丝钎焊的铝/铜接头钎缝组织呈块状.锌铝药芯钎焊丝中适中的Zn,Al含量有利于使铝/铜接头铜侧界面得到固溶体组织,并避免铝侧母材的过度熔蚀.     

Modeling and analysis of thin-walled Al/steel explosion welded transition joints for shipbuilding applications

The study presents an analysis of S355J2+N steel and AA5083 aluminum alloy welded structural joints using explosion welded transition joints of reduced thickness. The transition joint thickness reduction significantly hinders the welding of the joints due to the risk of damage to the Al/steel interface as a result of the high temperatures during welding. Numerical modeling of the welding process is performed to determine safe welding parameters for the transition joint. The numerical analysis is supported by measurements of the temperature areas by a thermographic method. Welded structural joints are analyzed to determine the welding influence on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the transition joints. On this basis, a number of tests are carried out, including microhardness distribution measurements, strength tests of joints in two welding configurations and strength tests of the microspecimens of transition joints. Moreover, an experimental and numerical analysis of strain and stress distributions is carried out in combination with the use of the finite element method and digital image correlation, which allow us to identify the critical areas of the joints with regards to their strength. The results of the microstructural and strength tests carried out using macro- and microspecimens show softening of the aluminum alloy layers. However, the AA5083 and AA1050 layer softening as a result of welding did not reduce the load capacity of the transition joints, which could determine the strength of the dissimilar Al/steel welded structural joints.     

不同强度匹配10CrNi3MoV船体钢焊接结构的安全评定

为了研究不同强度匹配对焊接接头安全性能的影响,基于"欧洲工业结构完整性评定程序(SINTAP)"提供的失效评定图FAD方法,针对不同强度匹配的10CrNi3MoV船体钢焊接接头,建立了对应的失效评定曲线。根据母材与焊缝的拉伸试验及CTOD(裂纹尖端张开位移)试验结果,对比分析了3种匹配条件下的接头安全评定结果。研究表明,对于选定的评定级别,不同强度匹配系数对FAD图形状的影响很小;焊缝强度较高时,接头对塑性失稳的抵抗能力取决于母材性能;接头韧度水平相似时,低匹配接头对塑性失稳及脆性断裂的抵抗能力均稍差,弱于等匹配与高匹配;焊缝强度稍高于母材的"等强匹配"安全裕度最大,安全性最佳。     

Ag-Cu-Ti急冷钎料钎焊Si3N4陶瓷接头界面结构及性能

采用（Ag72Cu28）％Ti4急冷钎料钎焊Si3N4陶瓷，研究联接温度、时间和压力等工艺参数对Si3N4陶瓷的接头界面结构以及强度的影响，并与同成分的常规钎料进行对比．研究结果表明：钎焊温度、保温时间和钎焊时施加的压力对钎焊接头强度均有影响，主要通过影响反应层结构和厚度来体现；Si3N4／（Ag72Cu28）96Ti4界面微观结构为Si3N4／TiN／Ti—Si化合物／Ag-Cu共晶；在相同的试验条件下，采用（Ag72Cu28）96Ti4急冷钎料钎焊的接头强度比常规钎料钎焊的接头强度提高37％．     

Stress magnification effect of initial deformation on the notch stress field and fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints

Compared with thick plate welded joint, the welding joint of thin plate will produce initial deformation due to its low bending rigidity. The existence of initial deformation will cause the welded structure to produce secondary bending effect, which will produce greater stress magnification effect at the weld toe and seriously affect the fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints. Therefore, based on the correction formula of thick plate, considering the influence of initial deformation and geometric nonlinearity of thin plate, this paper deduces the stress magnification factor formula at the weld toe of T-shaped and cruciform specimens. The accuracy of the revised formula is further verified by comparing the notch stress calculated by the modified formula with the FE results. Finally, the modified formula is applied to the notch stress and fatigue evaluation of typical thin plate welded joints respectively. The results show that the proposed notch stress calculation formula can fully consider the stress amplification effect of thin plate structure, and can be used to quickly evaluate the notch stress field and fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints.     

热喷铝对船体钢焊接接头疲劳性能影响试验研究

通过对390MPa级船体钢焊接接头热喷铝与不喷铝疲劳对比试验，结果表明：在相同疲劳交变应力条件下，热喷铝焊接接头疲劳寿命大于不喷铝焊接接头的疲劳寿命。     

焊接热循环对铝-铝-钢复合过渡接头性能的影响

采用正交试验法研究焊接热循环对应用于船舶铝质上层建筑与钢质船体连接的铝合金-铝-钢复合过渡接头性能的影响.试样依次采用铝合金TIG焊、MIG焊、钢MAG焊分别实现过渡接头与铝合金板材和钢板之间的焊接.复合界面剪切强度及厚度方向的抗拉强度测试结果表明:随着焊接电流的增大,过渡接头的性能明显下降,三种工艺方法对复合板性能由主到次的影响顺序为:铝合金TIG焊>钢MAG焊>铝合金MIG焊.通过复合界面焊接温度场的测定,分析了复合界面峰值温度与复合板性能之间的关系,结果显示:为满足船舶结构设计的要求,焊接热循环在铝-铝-钢过渡接头复合界面上产生的峰值温度不宜超过300℃.     

船用EH36高强钢无缝药芯焊丝焊接接头组织和冲击韧性研究

本文以SRSF501无缝药芯焊丝在船用EH36高强钢中的焊接应用为目的,研究了国产无缝药芯焊丝SRSF501在船用EH36高强钢焊接中的组织和冲击韧性。通过试验表明：SRSF501焊接EH36钢接头各区域的冲击性能均满足船级社要求；多层多道焊时,焊缝组织由粗大的柱状组织和细小的等轴晶组织组成,底层焊缝和末道焊缝柱状晶区域较大；盖面层两侧接头热影响区存在粗晶区,其它位置接头的热影响区不存在粗晶区；焊接接头中熔合线外2mm处,晶粒最细,冲击韧性最好。     

VLEC B型舱5Ni钢免预热焊接工艺

针对原5Ni钢焊条焊前需要对钢板进行预热、生产效率相对较低的情况，在99 000 m3超大型乙烷运输船（Very Large Ethane Carrier，VLEC）B型舱建造过程中采用OK 92.55焊条和NI-C70S焊条进行5Ni钢焊接。经焊条性能、抗裂性和焊接工艺等试验研究，结果表明：两种焊条性能均满足规范要求，且抗裂性良好；在焊接参数处于合理范围内时，两种焊条均可在免预热钢板的情况下满足实船建造5Ni钢焊接接头的性能要求。     

Mass balance of trace metals in the Adriatic Sea

A first order mass balance of six different trace metals (Mn, Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni) was presented for a 1-year period for the different compartments of the Adriatic Sea: compartment 1 (northern Adriatic Sea), compartment 2 (central Adriatic Sea and surface layer of the southern Adriatic Sea) and compartment 3 (deep water of the southern Adriatic Sea). The Adriatic Sea appeared to be a source of dissolved Cu, Mn and Fe for the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Otranto whereas for dissolved Zn and Pb the Adriatic Sea appeared to be a net sink. For dissolved Ni, inputs and outputs through the Strait of Otranto balanced each other. The residence times of all metals in compartment 1 were significantly shorter than that of water indicating significant removal. In compartments 2 and 3, residence times of Mn and Fe were relatively short suggesting removal from the water column whereas for the other metals their residence times were similar to that of water. Calculations of turnover times of metals with respect to different processes showed that in compartments 1 and 2, sedimentation was the main process that affected the content of the reservoirs whereas in compartment 3, the water flux exchanges played an important role for Zn, Cu and Ni.Most of the metals clearly undergo a very dynamic cycle of sedimentation/remobilization particularly in the Northern Adriatic Sea. In the northern Adriatic Sea, most of the Mn and Fe in deposited sediment were remobilized. This was related to diagenetic processes involving the utilisation and solubilisation of Mn and Fe oxides, which occur in the surface of the sediment in the northern Adriatic Sea. In the central Adriatic Sea, remobilization of Mn and Fe was less than in the northern Adriatic Sea, suggesting that diagenesis processes appear deeper in the sediment. Advective transport of sediment was a major source of metals for the deep basin. As much as 80% of the sediments in the South Adriatic Pit might be advected from the shelf. Remobilization fluxes in the South Adriatic Pit were significantly less than in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea reflecting hemi-pelagic sediments.