基于地图匹配的城市道路实时交通状态模糊综合判别方法

依托于浮动车数据,基于地图匹配对城市道路交通状态模糊综合判别方法进行深入研究.首先根据浮动车数据特点和道路交通信息,基于Mapbasic编程对数据进行地图匹配,并进行MapInfo二次开发,通过相关模型计算指定时段内的道路交通参数.建立模糊综合评价判别模型,对判别结果量化处理,以最大隶属度原则确定道路交通状态.最后,选...     

A similarity-based neuro-fuzzy modeling for driving behavior recognition applying fusion of smartphone sensors

Drivers’ behavior evaluation is one of the most important problems in intelligent transportation systems and driver assistant systems. It has a great influence on driving safety and fuel consumption. One of the challenges in this regard is the modeling perspective to treat with uncertainty in judgments about driving behaviors. Really, assessing a single maneuver with a rigid threshold leads to a weak judgment for driving evaluation. To fill this gap, a novel neuro-fuzzy system is proposed to classify the driving behaviors based on their similarities to fuzzy patterns when all of the various maneuvers are stated with some fuzzy numbers. These patterns are also fuzzy numbers and they are extracted from statistical analysis on the smartphone sensors data. Our driving evaluation system consists of three processes. Firstly, it detects the type of all of the maneuvers through the driving period, by using a multi-layer perceptron neural network. Secondly, it extracts a new feature based on the acceleration and assigns three fuzzy numbers to driver’s lane change, turn and U-turn maneuvers. Thirdly, it determines the similarity between these three fuzzy numbers and the fuzzy patterns to evaluate the safe and the aggressive driving scores. To validate this model, Driver’s Angry Score (DAS) questionnaires are used. Results show that the fusion of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors of smartphones is enough for the proposed driving evaluation system. Accuracy of this system is 87% without using GPS and GIS data and this system is independent of smartphones and vehicles types.     

期望车头间距的混沌模型研究

通过对跟驰车队刺激———反应过程以及人车单元组合的微观特性分析,说明跟驰车队中具有产生混沌现象的必要特征。首先运用数学方法给出4种期望车头间距理想模型,将Rossler混沌吸引子模型分别引入4种模型中,然后选择能更好地描述实际交通流状态的期望车头间距模型,并利用高精度车载GPS设备在城市快速路上采集的实测跟车数据对该模型进行标定和验证后,认为改进的期望车头间距模型能更好地反映实际交通流的跟驰特性。     

基于大规模定位数据的出行方式模糊判别研究

交通需求信息对于从战略上解决交通拥堵问题是非常重要的。从无线通信网络和GPS系统中可以获得大规模的定位数据。从定位数据中可以挖掘出完整的出行轨迹信息和有价值的出行需求特征信息。文中提出了以各种出行方式的先验知识为依据的出行方式模糊判别方法。该方法以从出行轨迹信息中提取的出行属性数据为输入,采用模糊推理机制实现机动车、自行车、步行等3种出行方式的良好区分。该方法可为交通规划工作提供出行方式划分方面的数据,并具有比传统交通调查方法更低的成本和更短的数据更新周期。     

Developing travel time estimation methods using sparse GPS data

Existing methods of estimating travel time from GPS data are not able to simultaneously take account of the issues related to uncertainties associated with GPS and spatial road network data. Moreover, they typically depend upon high-frequency data sources from specialist data providers, which can be expensive and are not always readily available. The study reported here therefore sought to better estimate travel time using “readily available” vehicle trajectory data from moving sensors such as buses, taxis, and logistical vehicles equipped with GPS in “near” real time. To do this, accurate locations of vehicles on a link were first map-matched to reduce the positioning errors associated with GPS and digital road maps. Two mathematical methods were then developed to estimate link travel times from map-matched GPS fixes, vehicle speeds, and network connectivity information with a special focus on sampling frequencies, vehicle penetration rates, and time window lengths. Global positioning system (GPS) data from Interstate I-880 (California) for a total of 73 vehicles over 6 h were obtained from the University of California Berkeley's Mobile Century Project, and these were used to evaluate several travel time estimation methods, the results of which were then validated against reference travel time data collected from high resolution video cameras. The results indicate that vehicle penetration rates, data sampling frequencies, vehicle coverage on the links, and time window lengths all influence the accuracy of link travel time estimation. The performance was found to be best in the 5-min time window length and for a GPS sampling frequency of 60 s.     

Detection and Classification of Vehicles by Measurement of Road-Pavement Vibration and by Means of Supervised Machine Learning

Road vehicle detection and, to a lesser extent, classification have received considerable attention, in particular for the purpose of traffic monitoring by transportation authorities. A multitude of sensors and systems have been developed to assist people in traffic monitoring. Camera-based systems have enjoyed wide adoption over the last decade, partially substituting for more traditional techniques. Methods based on road-pavement vibration are not as common as camera-based systems. However, vibration sensors may be of interest when sensors must be out of sight and insensitive to environmental conditions, such as fog. We present and discuss our work on detection and classification of vehicles by measurement of road-pavement vibration and by means of supervised machine learning. We describe the entire processing chain from sensor data acquisition to vehicle classification and discuss our results for the task of vehicle detection and the task of vehicle classification separately. Using data for a single vibration sensor, our results show a performance ranging between 94% and near 100% for the detection task (1340 samples) and between 43% and 86% for the classification task (experiment specific, between 454 and 1243 samples).     

Development of E-rickshaw driving cycle (ERDC) based on micro-trip segments using random selection and K-means clustering techniques

In India, auto rickshaws are the most convenient and cheapest mode of near-to-door transport in both rural and urban areas. Such vehicles powered with internal combustion engines (ICEs) are one of the main sources of pollutants on urban corridors. One way to minimize tail-pipe emissions is to use electric motors in place of ICE. To evaluate the vehicle performance, energy consumption, driving behavior, optimal design and management of such electric vehicles, driving cycle is an important tool. So far, only limited studies exist on the development of a driving cycle for e-rickshaw. Moreover, these studies are concentrated in urban traffic environment and research accounting rural and urban environment together remain unexplored. In this study, real world driving data for 100 trips of e-rickshaw are collected on a road stretch passing through rural and urban setting. A high-end GPS data logger was used to collect vehicle kinematics such as continuous speed profile, acceleration/deceleration, heading, and vehicle position coordinates. Nine different driving characteristics representing actual traffic conditions are identified and used for developing e-rickshaw driving cycle (ERDC). Two approaches, random selection and k-means clustering are explored to arrive at best representative ERDC using micro-trips technique. The analysis results revealed that k-means clustering outperforms the random selection method with additional benefit of accounting traffic conditions systematically. The insights from this study can be used to understand and model the performance of e-rickshaw, in terms of energy consumption and driving characteristics, compared to other fossil-fuel driven automobiles.     

物联网在公路运输业的应用探讨

对物联网在公路运输业中的应用进行探讨,通过射频识别、红外感应器等将车辆与物品的信息记录下来,并随着车辆运输行进过程辅以GPS与G IS技术,对车辆位置与物品位置进行有效跟踪,为查询车辆交通信息与物品运输实时信息提供帮助,从而提高公路运输服务能力和水平,降低物流成本。     

A perspective on ITS deployment

The intelligent transport systems (ITS) deployment begins with implementation of traffic control signals and traffic management on a road network. The next stage is the provision of traffic information to drivers. The third stage is the decision and operation assistance to drivers for safe driving. It will take time to reach the final stage of a fully automated driving because of the difficulties of getting social acceptance. Another final figure of ITS is that all transportation modes are integrated and provide continuous transportation service to users from door to door. Mobile information terminals such as cellular phones and motor vehicles will function as well as ordinary offices and homes. Then the ITS as an information system will be integrated into a general social information system.     

Towards connected autonomous driving: review of use-cases

Connected autonomous vehicles are considered as mitigators of issues such as traffic congestion, road safety, inefficient fuel consumption and pollutant emissions that current road transportation system suffers from. Connected autonomous vehicles utilise communication systems to enhance the performance of autonomous vehicles and consequently improve transportation by enabling cooperative functionalities, namely, cooperative sensing and cooperative manoeuvring. The former refers to the ability to share and fuse information gathered from vehicle sensors and road infrastructures to create a better understanding of the surrounding environment while the latter enables groups of vehicles to drive in a co-ordinated way which ultimately results in a safer and more efficient driving environment. However, there is a gap in understanding how and to what extent connectivity can contribute to improving the efficiency, safety and performance of autonomous vehicles. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the potential benefits that can be achieved from connected autonomous vehicles through analysing five use-cases: (i) vehicle platooning, (ii) lane changing, (iii) intersection management, (iv) energy management and (v) road friction estimation. The current paper highlights that although connectivity can enhance the performance of autonomous vehicles and contribute to the improvement of current transportation system performance, the level of achievable benefits depends on factors such as the penetration rate of connected vehicles, traffic scenarios and the way of augmenting off-board information into vehicle control systems.     

Identifying multiclass vehicles using global positioning system data

It has been previously evidenced that global positioning system (GPS) data can be used to distinguish passenger cars from delivery trucks. In this paper, a machine learning approach is proposed to use GPS data to identify multiclass vehicles, including passenger cars, single unit trucks, and multi-trailer trucks. The method is acceleration and deceleration-based since it considers the variations of acceleration and deceleration as the most effective features to classify vehicles. The overall classification result for the three vehicle classes is about 75%. The major challenge is to distinguish single unit trucks from multitrailer trucks due to their somewhat similar mobility patterns. The paper also explores the impacts of GPS sampling frequency on vehicle classification. It is found that the proposed multiclass vehicle classification can be reasonably conducted if the data are collected frequently enough (i.e., every five seconds or more frequently) to capture the major acceleration and deceleration processes. The proposed method can be considered as a low-cost and non-intrusive approach to collect vehicle class information and to potentially supplement the existing classification schemes in urban areas.     

大型综合客运枢纽送站坪的车辆延误（双语出版）

为了准确评估大型综合客运枢纽送站坪的服务水平,改善其交通秩序,提高管理水平,针对送站坪车辆的常规落客行为和违规行为造成的延误,进行了量化分析研究。在大量调研数据的基础上,提取车辆轨迹,通过虚拟线圈的方法获取车辆的运动参数和交通流信息,基于车辆运行特征和车流波动理论,提出了落客车辆汇入行车道时等待可穿插间隙的延误模型、行车道车辆受穿插车辆影响的延误模型以及违规行为造成的行车道车辆延误模型等,验证结果表明,延误模型计算结果与实测结果近似。针对客运枢纽常见的两车道送站坪的交通特性,将车辆在落客车道的行驶距离、落客时长、速度、加减速度等参数作为自变量,基于高峰期间车辆到达分布推导出了送站坪车辆的平均延误,在此基础上给出了送站坪车辆行程时间的理论推导模型和多元线性回归模型。实例验证结果显示：2个行程时间模型计算结果与实测数据基本吻合,平均误差均为13%,回归模型的拟合优度为0.868;减少模型变量,以车辆在落客车道的行驶距离和落客时长为自变量,拟合优度也达到了0.853,表明这2个变量对车辆在送站坪系统的总延误影响最大,它们的值可以基本反映出车辆在送站坪系统的总延误,研究结果可为仿真模型的构建及通行能力的研究提供理论基础。     

Fusion de données pour l'estimation des temps de parcours via la théorie de l'évidence

The emergence of new information technologies and the transformation that has occurred in traffic management have both increased drivers' already considerable need for road traffic information. The travel time is one of the forms in which this information is presented, and a number of systems are based on its dissemination. In this context, this indicator is used as a measure of the impedance (or cost) of routes on the network and/or a congestion indicator. This raises the problem of estimating travel times with an acceptable degree of accuracy, which is a particularly difficult task in urban areas as a result of difficultes of a theoretical, technical and methodological nature. Thus, in order to find out the traffic conditions that prevail on an urban road, the traffic sensors that are usually used to measure traffic conditions are ineffective under certain circumstances. New measurement devices (cameras, GPS or cellphone tracking, etc.) mean that other sources of data are increasingly used in order to supplement the information provided by conventional measurement techniques and improve the accuracy of travel) time estimates. As a result, travel time estimation becomes a typical data fusion problem. This study deals with a multisource estimate of journey times and attempts to provide a comprehensive framework for the utilization of multiple data and demonstrate the feasibility of a travel time estimation system based on the fusion of data of several different types. In this case two types of data are involved, data from conventional induction loop sensors (essentially flow and occupancy measurements) and data from probe vehicles. The selected modelling framework is the Dempster-Shafer Evidence Theory, which has the advantage of being able to take account of both the imprecision and uncertainty of the data. The implementation of this methodology has demonstrated that, in each case, better results are achieved with fusion than with methods based on a single source of data and that the quality of the information, as measured by correctly classified rates, improves as the degree of precision required of the estimate is increased.     

基于出租车GPS定位技术的ITS共用信息平台实时路况信息采集及处理方法

以广州市ITS共用信息平台的建设为背景,提出基于出租车GPS定位技术的ITS共用信息平台实时路况信息采集及处理方法。针对ITS共用信息平台信息采集范围大、准确性和实时性要求高的需求特点,具体研究队列方式的道路拓扑存储方法,利用出租车计费器进行奇异数据剔除的方法,分区搜索和边界矩形相结合的GPS地图匹配方法和循环队列与A*算法相结合的路况计算方法等一整套基于出租车GPS定位数据的实时路况信息采集和处理的方法,并提出了基于J2EE架构的平台数据处理服务器的实现方案。广州市ITS共用信息平台示范工程的实际应用表明,该方法具有良好的效果和广泛的应用前景。     

Assessing the Potential Impacts of Connected Vehicles: Mobility,Environmental, and Safety Perspectives

The connected vehicle is a rapidly emerging paradigm aimed at deploying and developing a fully connected transportation system that enables data exchange among vehicles, infrastructure, and mobile devices to improve mobility, enhance safety, and reduce the adverse environmental impacts of the transportation systems. This study focuses on micromodeling and quantitatively assessing the potential impacts of the connected vehicle (CV) on mobility, safety, and the environment. To assess the benefits of CVs, a modeling framework is developed based on traffic microsimulation for a real network located in the city of Toronto, Canada, to mimic communication between enabled vehicles. In this study, we examine the effects of providing real-time routing guidance and advisory warning messages to CVs. In addition, to take into account the rerouting in nonconnected vehicles (non-CVs) in response to varying sources of information such as apps, global positioning systems (GPS), variable message signs (VMS), or simply seeing the traffic back up, the impact of fraction of non-CV vehicles was also considered and evaluated. Therefore, vehicles in this model are divided into; uninformed/unfamiliar not connected (non-CV), informed/familiar but not connected (non-CV) that get updates infrequently every 5 minutes or so (non-CV), and connected vehicles that receive information more frequently (CV). The results demonstrate the potential of connected vehicles to improve mobility, enhance safety, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) at the network-wide level. The results also show quantitatively how the market penetration of connected vehicles proportionally affects the performance of the traffic network. While the presented results are pertinent to the specifics of the road network modeled and cannot be generalized, the quantitative figures provide researchers and practitioners with ideas of what to expect from vehicle connectivity concerning mobility, safety, and environmental improvements.     

基于5G+智慧灯杆的区域交通协调优化控制系统功能分析与研究

随着国内城市化的稳步推进,智慧交通建设的理念逐渐得到了广泛的关注.在智慧交通的建设中,车载传感器因其载体局限性,对于规避道路拥堵、优化行车路线上无法起到关键性作用.车路协同的模式越来越受到科研人员的关注.智慧灯杆,因其可拓展性成了智慧交通建设中最佳的感知载体.杆件上可安装监控设施、广播、大屏幕,以及各类传感器、检测器等等一系列的感知设备.依托5G技术,相关交通管理部门可以更及时地掌控实时的交通运行情况.通过对交通流预测模型及区域交通协调优化模型的建立,提前预测中短期内道路交通流的运行情况,依托5G+智慧灯杆编织起的城市感知网络及定向广播系统,对沿途车主定向定量地决策最优的行车导航方案,对城市道路交通进行高效、有效的管理.现以上海5G+智慧灯杆的工程实例为依托展开基于交通流预测模型而开发的区域交通协调优化控制系统功能分析与研究.     

Literature review and fundamental approaches for vehicle and tire state estimation*

ABSTRACT

Most modern day automotive chassis control systems employ a feedback control structure. Therefore, real-time estimates of the vehicle dynamic states and tire-road contact parameters are invaluable for enhancing the performance of vehicle control systems, such as anti-lock brake system (ABS) and electronic stability program (ESP). Today's production vehicles are equipped with onboard sensors (e.g. a 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope, steering wheel angle sensor, and wheel speed sensors), which when used in conjunction with certain model-based or kinematics-based observers can be used to identify relevant tire and vehicle states for optimal control of comfort, stability and handling. Vehicle state estimation is becoming ever more relevant with the increased sophistication of chassis control systems. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in the field of vehicle and tire state estimation. It is expected to serve as a resource for researchers interested in developing vehicle state estimation algorithms for usage in advanced vehicle control and safety systems.     

双向传输的智能公交信息采集系统的研发

在分析目前较为常用的公交信息采集和传输技术的基础上,利用GPS定位技术和IC卡技术来进行公交信息采集,包括公交车辆信息和公交客流信息,利用GPRS技术来进行公交信息的传输,提出了基于双向通讯技术的公交信息系统的设计,并给出了系统的软、硬件设计,系统的信息流程图。该系统的应用不仅能使信息中心或调度中心获取准确、即时的公交信息,也能让行驶中的驾驶员获得中心传输而来的有用信息,从而实现两者的双向传输。     

基于地磁感应的车辆检测方法的研究

地磁检测器是一种新型的利用磁场变化的车辆信息检测设备.文中提出了基于这种地磁检测器的交通流信息检测方法,通过对地磁检测器采集的数据进行预处理和特征提取,利用2个地磁感应器,应用基于阈值的车辆判别方法,进行了车流量的实时在线的实验检验,实验检验结果表明,基于地磁感应的车辆检测方法的准确率达到了96%.     

Probe vehicle lane identification for queue length estimation at intersections

Vehicles instrumented with Global Positioning Systems, also known as GPS probe vehicles, have become increasingly popular for collecting traffic flow data. Previous studies have explored the probe vehicle data for estimating speeds and travel time; however, there is very limited research on predicting queue dynamics from such data. In this research, a methodology was developed for identifying the lane position of the GPS-instrumented vehicles when they are standing in the queue at signalized intersections with multiple lanes, particularly in the case of unequal queue. Various supervised and unsupervised clustering methods were tested on data generated from a microsimulation model. Among the tested methods, the Optimal Bayes Rule that utilizes probability density functions estimated using bivariate statistical mixture models was found to be effective in identifying the lanes. The methodology for lane identification was tested for queue length estimation. This research confirms that the lane identification is an important step required prior to the queue length estimation. The accuracies of the models for lane identification and queue length estimation were evaluated at varying levels of demand and probe vehicle market penetrations. In general, as the market penetration increases, the accuracy improves as expected. The result shows that 40% market penetration rate is adequate to reach about 90% accuracy.