广州地铁隧道联络通道冻结法施工技术研究

文章针对广州地铁某区间盾构隧道联络通道利用冻结法施工的成功经验,详细介绍了联络通道冻结法施工设计及信息化监测等施工技术。冻结法的成功实施,为广州地铁工程水平冻结的设计、施工和检验提供了决策参考依据。本工程的成功经验可供其他相似工程参考、借鉴。     

富水砂层联络通道冻结法施工温度及位移场实测分析

针对富水砂层联络通道冻结法施工冻结效果较难判断及易发生地层融沉的问题,依托南通地铁1号线07标联络通道工程案例,通过对冻结盐水温度、冻土温度、泄压孔压力及地表变形等方面的监控量测分析来研究联络通道冻结法的冻结效果及地面融沉,在此基础上提出了联络通道冻结施工冻融的控制措施。研究表明：（1）以去回路盐水温度、土体温度、泄压孔压力及地表变形为判定依据的综合判定方法,能够有效、准确地对联络通道冻结效果进行判断,确保施工安全。（2）通过采取快速冻结、在土体内预埋管、结构层后充填注浆等冻胀、融沉控制措施,地表受冻胀和融沉的影响最终累计沉降3.8mm,满足累计变形报警值要求。     

地铁联络通道冻结法施工安全风险评价

为评价地铁联络通道冻结法施工安全风险,文章依据相关文献并结合已有工程经验和类似工程记录,识别出联络通道冻结法施工四个阶段的主要风险要素,建立了评价指标体系,提出了一种基于层次分析法(AHP)、模糊综合评价法(FCE)和贝叶斯网络法(BN)的联络通道冻结法施工安全评价方法。首先采用层次分析法计算各风险事件的相对权重,采用风险经济损失值描述风险事件的影响后果,采用贝叶斯网络计算风险事件的概率等级分数;然后结合风险经济损失值和概率等级分数,并采用梯形隶属函数来计算风险事件对风险水平的隶属度,将风险事件的权重与风险事件对风险水平的隶属度进行模糊综合运算,可得出联络通道冻结法施工的总体风险水平;最后以兰州轨道交通1号线为例进行实例研究,得到该工程总体风险等级为低风险,评价结果基本能反应实际情况。     

人工冻结法在圆砾地层地铁联络通道施工中的应用

南宁地铁3号线金琅区间联络通道所处地层主要为圆砾,其自稳能力差,易发生涌水冒砂、围岩扰动过大而使隧道变形的情况,设计采用人工冻结法施工。文章详细介绍了冻结过程中冻结孔布设、冻结参数选取以及土体在自然解冻后的融沉控制注浆参数优化等工艺。在积极冻结施工过程着重对盐水去回路温度、土体温度、泄压孔孔压进行分析,总结出土体温度变化、冻结壁形成的规律,准确判断通道开挖的时机,并针对联络通道冻结施工存在的问题提出了具体的对策措施。人工冻结法在该区间隧道富水圆砾层中的成功应用,可为其它类似工程提供参考。     

隧道内流水对联络通道冻结效果影响分析

为分析地铁联络通道冻结过程中隧道内流水对联络通道冻结效果的影响,文章以广州地铁某联络通道冻结施工为例,通过工程实测与数值模拟,分析了隧道内流水对管片与土体交界处温度及土体温度的影响。结果表明:当隧道内有流水时,对上部管片与土体交界处的温度影响不大,下部管片与土体交界处的温度会明显升高,且越靠近隧道底部,平均温度相差越大;相同深度流水上游管片与土体交界处平均温度明显高于下游;当隧道内流水流速度变大时,管片与土体交界处平均温度升高,且流水速度对下游平均温度的影响明显大于上游;冻结过程中,隧道内流水对管片壁后2 m深度内的土体温度产生影响。     

武汉地区富含水地层联络通道冻结法施工数值计算分析

文章以武汉地区范虎站—汉口火车站区间联络通道为工程背景,重点研究了采用冻结法在武汉富含水地层中修建联络通道的关键施工技术。借助ANSYS通用有限元软件,通过建立三维模型,分析了承压水条件下联络通道冻结过程中冻胀对冻土体的影响,以及暗挖隧道和泵站开挖对冻土帷幕的影响。分析结果表明:本工程无论是在冻结施工过程还是开挖过程中,冻结帷幕的受力都处于安全状态。     

复杂地层地铁旁通道冻结孔施工技术

在复杂地层中,对地铁旁通道采用水平冻结法施工是一种有效手段,而冻结孔施工又是旁通道工程的关键工序之一.结合上海地铁十一号线祁连山-真南路站区间旁通道施工实例,介绍了含承压水的砂性土复杂地层中旁通道冻结孔的施工技术,包括壁后预注浆加固、冻结孔开孔以及夯管等技术,对类似地质条件下旁通道冻结孔施工具有一定的参考价值和指导意义.     

地铁区间盾构与联络通道冻结加固同步施工技术方案及应用分析

以北京地铁7号线东延工程为例，为确保线路开通运营工期节点，车站机电安装与装修、区间盾构掘进及冻结法联络通道施工需同步进行。基于此，现场施工综合考虑工期、场地条件（地面、车站内及区间隧道内）、冻结效果及成本，提出2个联络通道冻结共用1个冻结站，即将冻结站设在已贯通隧道的2个联络通道中间位置的施工技术方案，通过优化冻结站机组选型、冻结管路布置、管片预加固支架体系等技术措施，实现区间盾构及冻结加固同步施工。根据施工过程监测及数据分析，总结冻结壁发展规律及通道安全开挖条件，同时对现场冷却水温度、环境温度升高等问题提出应对措施。通过实践证明该施工方案及相关技术措施安全、有效、可行。     

地铁区间隧道联络通道与泵站施工技术

本文介绍了上海市地铁１号线联通道的功能与设计概况，着重阐述通道与泵站的施工实践，并从理论与工程实践角度对设计与施工作了分析，对比，总结出一种切合工程实际的联络通道施工工艺，并得到一步重要结论和建议，相信会对今后的地铁联络通道的设计与施工有所裨益。     

大连路隧道江底联络通道冻结施工技术

上海大连路越江隧道联络通道是在含饱和承压水的砂性土层中进行施工，因而极具风险性，从联络通道地质状况、水平冻结方案设计、冻结施工与结构施工等方面阐述了较为安全、合理的江底联络通道的设计与施工方法。     

Bicycles in large cities in China

Bicycles are a main means of transport in China. This paper discusses several aspects of the current situation and future policy, including the production of bicycles, their possession and utilization in typical large cities, the reasons for their importance in communication, the advantages and problems of bicycle traffic, and two different opinions on solving the existing problems. The paper also deals with road design for bicycles and their regulation in China's cities.     

Travel choices in alcohol-related situations in Virginia

Transportation - Using survey data from 3004 respondents aged 21 and older in Northern Virginia, Richmond, and the Tidewater area, this paper identifies factors associated with respondents’...     

Parking policies in large cities in Germany

This article deals with highly motorized large West German cities of about 200,000 inhabitants and more, which usually provide reasonable public transport systems. Illegal parking with shares of about 40 to 50% of the total parking is widespread in the parking problem areas of those cities, especially in the inner-city residential and mixed-use areas. Parking spaces are demanded by residents, employees, customers and visitors, and by delivery and service traffic. The different characteristics of parking demands by different user groups are discussed. The total parking supply consists of public and private spaces. The share of private spaces is about 40 to 50% of the total parking spaces in German cities. The amount of car traffic generated by a parking space depends on parking duration and parking turnover, as well as on search traffic. So the change of a space from long-duration use of an employee to short-duration of customers — as often discussed in parking concepts — generates at least five-fold car traffic. The measurements and effects of parking control of public spaces as well as the parking regulations in zoning ordinances, restrictions on the construction of new private parking spaces and park-and-ride are discussed. Finally, a parking concept methodology — using the example of Frankfurt am Main — is discussed.     

Role of transport in rural development in Africa

Rural Africa is starved of transport services. The transport routes run towards the export enclaves and the coast.

The political, social and developmental rural transport benefits are discussed. Rural transport will help (i) integrate the country and ease its governance; (ii) widen markets; (iii) induce increased agricultural output, through new technologies, reduced transport costs, etc. The transport cost savings should be passed on to rural firms and producers. The paper warns against their accruing only to middlemen — agricultural parastatals inclusive, thereby stifling the benefits to production. This could happen under some forms of pan‐territorial pricing. Negative aspects of road development, e.g. the substitution of local goods by imports, increased migration and noise, are noted.

The place and role of project appraisal in rural road planning is acknowledged. The broad‐based development packages approach associated with Integrated Rural Development Projects has, despite its attractions, some pitfalls. It favours well established villages and ignores distribution benefits within villages.

Project appraisal can be used to justify socially uneconomic transport developments. However, rural road investment projects with immediate negative returns are unlikely to be funded. Given clear priorities, short of elaborate cost/benefit analysis, obvious road investments choices can be made by the local community. Greater public accountability of transport planners and peoples’ participation in determining rural transport needs and priorities is emphasized. Increased rural road maintenance especially through self‐help schemes and increased use of traditional modes of transport, e.g. walking, animal and water transport, is recommended.     

Changes in transport risk perception in urban populations in Norway from 2004 to 2013

Urban populations transport risk perception is interesting because it is associated with travel mode choices and use. This study investigates changes in transport-related risk constructs in the urban population in Norway in 2004 and 2013, and describes whether people perceive private or public to be associated with the highest risk. The results are based on self-completion questionnaire surveys conducted in two independent representative samples living in the same urban areas in 2004 (n?=?592) and 2013 (n?=?1035). Overall, the respondents perceived the risk as lower in 2013 than in 2004. For both time periods, people consistently assessed the risk constructs related to private motorized transportation as higher than corresponding risk in public transportation. The findings suggest that while transportation risk perception in urban populations may change over time, the pattern that private motorized transportation is associated with a higher perceived risk than public transportation remains stable.     

Logistics opportunities in Asia and development in Taiwan

The economy in Asia is growing rapidly. As a consequence, transportation and communication technologies and the changing needs of customers and shippers have resulted in Asian and Taiwan's logistics being in transition. This paper discusses why logistics changes, and explores the opportunities for Asian logistics development. The issues of logistics perspectives of private sectors in Taiwan are then raised. Finally, logistics development in Taiwan is described.     

Mapping minibuses in Maputo and Nairobi: engaging paratransit in transportation planning in African cities

ABSTRACT

Often called paratransit because of their flexible stops, schedules and routes, minibuses make up the bulk of public transport in African cities. Despite their ubiquity and importance, these systems are poorly understood by transportation planners who tend to focus on large-scale urban infrastructure projects such as highways, commuter rail or bus rapid transit systems. The assumption within much of this planning is that these minibus systems are barriers to change and will become at most secondary “feeder” buses within large-scale projects, but structured plans detailing this vision are lacking. This paper argues that frequent failure to collect data and value important paratransit systems as a critical part of transportation in their own right is deeply problematic from the point of view of equity, access and inclusive and effective planning. We ask whether the growing number of bottom up mapping projects of minibus systems can disrupt this status quo. By comparing two mapping projects, Digital Matatus in Nairobi and the Mapa Dos Chapas in Maputo, we find that inclusive, collaborative mapping can help render these minibuses more visible in planning and provoke more grounded and inclusive “planning conversations” on multi-modal integration, passenger information and minibus upgrading, all key but relatively marginalised aspects of creating accessible, low emission, high quality and safe public transport in African cities.     

Passenger rail in North America in the light of developments in Western Europe and Japan

Because of different geo‐demographic and economic conditions, the impact of the new passenger modes (road and air) on rail travel was much larger in North America than in Europe. In 1960s and 1970s, as the railway share of intercity traffic in North America shrunk to a negligible one or two percent, the passenger trains were abandoned by private railway companies and taken over by state organizations, which have continued to operate traditional trains and generate mounting losses. On the technology side, no attempts have been made to improve competitiveness of trains vis‐a‐vis automobiles and airplanes.

In Europe and Japan, the railways responded to the challenge by (i) upgrading the performance (speed) and comfort of traditional trains operating on existing tracks and (ii) developing trains which could, on short and intermediate range distances, compete successfully, in terms of speed and economy, with the road and air modes. The Japanese (Shinkansen trains) and French (TGV trains) experience clearly shows that trains operating on dedicated lines at average speeds of 150 to 200 km/hr provide a superior transportation service and economy on high‐traffic intercity routes of up to about 500 km length. In this paper the factors responsible for the present status of passenger rail in North America are analysed, the current policies in the U.S. and Canada are evaluated in the light of experience to date and developments abroad, and suggestions for a long‐term passenger rail policy are made. This includes examination of (i) the viability of continued subsidization of traditional train services, (ii) the viability of operation of faster trains on existing tracks, (iii) the scope for introduction of modern, fast trains on dedicated lines in high‐density, intercity corridors, (iv) the application of fast trains as access to major airports and integration of airports with fast intercity lines, and (v) the impact of energy (oil) consumption in transportation.

     

土工合成材料在国外路基加筋中的应用研究

文章总结回顾国外土工合成材料加筋路基力学机理、试验研究及设计方法研究现状,通过对现有路基加筋设计方法进行比较,指出现有土工合成材料加筋设计方法的不足,并就今后需进一步研究的领域提出建议。