评述桥梁荷载试验的步骤及要点

桥梁荷载试验是桥梁承载力评价中最有效、最直接和最有说服力的方法。本文针对桥梁荷载试验的重要性和复杂性,总结了桥梁进行荷载试验的条件,分析桥梁荷载试验的要点,系统的论述桥梁荷载试验的步骤,并提出今后有待进一步研究的方向,对于桥梁荷载试验的发展与完善具有推动作用。     

既有大跨度钢筋混凝土拱桥荷载试验

在对既有钢筋混凝土拱桥进行有限元分析的基础上,在满足荷载试验效率的前提下,首先确定荷载试验工况、车辆荷载及布置、试验分级及测试项目等关键内容,然后对其进行现场荷载试验。通过现场加载试验来对其承载能力进行评定,进一步明确钢筋混凝土拱桥荷载试验的步骤和重点。     

桥梁荷载试验在旧桥加固中的应用研究

本文主要针对桥梁荷载试验在旧桥加固中应用,结合某旧简支T梁桥为具体的工程实例,加固前采用汽-15荷载标准进行荷载试验,试验结果表明该旧桥满足汽-15荷载标准,但是不满足现行规范公路-II级,需要加固,加固后,通过荷载试验来检验承载能力是否满足公路-II级,试验结果表明加固后桥梁满足现行规范荷载等级公路-II级,从而为该桥加固验收提供依据。因此,荷载试验能为桥梁养护部门在桥梁加固方面提供科学的依据。     

双荷载箱自平衡法桩基荷载试验及桩底注浆效果研究

以某大桥主墩桩基的荷载试验为例,介绍双荷载箱自平衡法桩基荷载试验的工作原理、特点,以及试验要点.根据试验结果表明,双荷载箱法在大墩位桩基试验、研究桩端注浆效果测试中具备明显的优势.该技术可以解决传统静载试验和单荷载箱试验无法解决的问题,为工程的实际应用提供了解决问题的途径,在桥梁桩基中具有广泛的应用前景.     

珠江三角洲环线高速公路北江特大桥荷载试验

以珠江三角洲环线高速公路北江特大桥荷载试验为例,介绍了大跨度刚构桥梁竣工荷载试验的内容、方法和数据处理,根据试验结果,对桥梁安全性能做出评价,可供同类型桥梁荷载试验参考。     

西塘大桥主桥静、动荷载试验

西塘大桥主桥为72m钢管混凝土系杆拱桥。静、动荷载试验的主要内容包括:成桥状态下结构工作性能的检查试验;验证桥跨结构设计承载能力的静力荷载试验以及检验结构动力特性的动力荷载试验。通过对该桥静、动荷载试验,介绍此类桥梁的试验测试方法、注意事项和试验数据分析评定等基本情况。     

预应力空心板梁静载试验研究

介绍了预应力空心板梁静载试验的方法和试验过程，试验测定了空心板的开裂荷载、破坏荷载、设计荷载及开裂荷载和破坏荷载所对应的挠度，据此评定预应力空心板粱的刚度、强度及安全度。     

钢筋超高性能混凝土梁受弯试验和有限元分析研究

该文以钢纤维体积掺量、配筋率为基本参数,进行了12根钢筋超高性能混凝土(Ultra-High Performance Concrete,UHPC)试验梁和2根普通钢筋混凝土(RC)试验梁的受弯性能试验研究。试验结果表明:UHPC试验梁的开裂、屈服和破坏荷载以及结构刚度均比RC试验梁大,UHPC试验梁的屈服和破坏荷载、延性和抗裂性均随着钢纤维掺量和配筋率的增加而提高。有限元模型参数分析结果表明:配筋率对UHPC试验梁屈服荷载与破坏荷载影响较大,而钢纤维掺量对开裂荷载影响较大;钢筋屈服强度可有效提高UHPC试验梁的延性;UHPC受拉强度的增加对开裂荷载的提高比屈服荷载和破坏荷载明显。最后,提出正截面抗弯开裂弯矩与极限承载力的计算公式,为UHPC桥梁设计规范的制定提供参考。     

基于荷载试验修正的桥梁健康监测系统研究

传统荷载试验能保证对桥梁技术参数检测的准确性,但无法实现持续性。依托项目采用荷载试验对桥梁健康监测(以下简称监测)系统准确性进行验证。试验证明:桥梁监测系统采用的基康振弦式应变计所测出的应变值与荷载试验电阻式应变片所测出的应变值有一定偏差,但相差不大,可以根据荷载试验采集的数据进行修正;桥梁监测系统静力水准仪所测出的挠度值与荷载试验全站仪所测出的挠度值相差较小。桥梁监测系统的竖向振动传感器测试结果与荷载试验测试数据相差较小。因荷载试验采用灵敏度更高的电阻式应变片进行短期加载,数据更可靠,监测系统采集的应变数据可根据荷载试验数据进行修正后使用,文中也给出了一种简单的修正方法,为桥梁监测系统实施提供参考。     

矮塔斜拉桥荷载试验方案分析

对制定矮塔斜拉桥的荷载试验方案进行了分析,以大广高速公路黄龙带特大桥为依托,建立有限元模型,分析矮塔斜拉桥的结构受力特性,确定荷载工况与试验截面,计算试验荷载大小与位置,对加载工况进行合并,依据理论计算制定合理的静动载试验方案。可为同类型的桥梁荷载试验提供参考。     

Measurement of soot oxidation with No<Subscript>2</Subscript>-O<Subscript>2</Subscript>-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O in a flow reactor simulating diesel engine DPF

Understanding the mechanism of carbon oxidation is important for the successful modeling of diesel particulate filter regeneration. Characteristics of soot oxidation were investigated with carbon black (Printex-U). A flow reactor system that could simulate the condition of a diesel particulate filter and diesel exhaust gas was designed. Kinetic constants were derived and the reaction mechanisms were proposed using the experimental results and a simple reaction scheme, which approximated the overall oxidation process in TPO as well as CTO. From the experiments, the apparent activation energy for carbon oxidation with NO₂-O₂-H₂O was determined to be 40±2 kJ/mol, with the first order of carbon in the range of 10∼90% oxidation and a temperature range of 250∼500°C. This value was exceedingly lower than the activation energy of NO₂-O₂ oxidation, which was 60±3 kJ/mol. When NO₂ exists with O₂ and H₂O, the reaction rate increases in proportion to NO₂. It increases nonlinearly with O₂ or H₂O concentration when the other two oxidants are fixed.     

一汽“狂飙”

一汽人通过提升管理、加快产出,扩大销量,强化自主,扩大合作等一系列工作,赢得企业又好又快地新发展,使集团的销量、销售收入和利润登上历史的新巅峰。     

<TPL-PCRUN> Statement of methods

TPL-PCRUN is a software program for the dynamic interaction simulation of pantograph–catenary systems. In the benchmark, based on the finite element method, the catenary model was built and the pantograph was considered as a three-level spring–damper–mass system. Then, through the contact definition between pantograph and catenary, the coupled model of the pantograph and catenary system was established. The respective dynamic equations of motions were solved by the time integration method. Thus, the simulation results were obtained and submitted for the comparison with the other software. On the other hand, a standard model from EN50318 was established and analysed by TPL-PCRUN. The simulation results by TPL-PCRUN were remarkably consistent with the reference values given by EN50318. It was proved that the results by TPL-PCRUN can be reliable. Recently, the software has been updated and improved. Some new models and algorithms are proposed, including the rigid–flexible hybrid pantograph model, contact definition considering appearance characteristics of the contact surfaces, a fluid–solid coupling algorithm of the pantograph and catenary system, etc.     

汪玉春论“道”

当岁月将沧桑慢慢抹上他的额头与鬓角时,他的思想却日见成熟和丰满起来。对质量成本的密切关注,使得他成为了业内截至目前少有的精益推动者之一。     

Study of n-C<Subscript>12</Subscript>H<Subscript>26</Subscript> reforming over DFC catalyst in a simulated diesel exhaust

In lean-DeNOX catalysis reactions, hydrogen is a good reducing agent in PGM catalysts as well as an effective promoter in selective catalytic reduction reactions over base metal oxide catalysts. However, such a lean-DeNOX system, which uses hydrogen, requires an on-board fuel reforming system applicable to internal combustion engines. In this study, catalytic partial oxidation (CPOx) performance was tested in a laboratory for various reactants and hydrocarbon conditions. Volume concentrations of 5–10% oxygen and 0-5% water vapor were used to simulate diesel exhaust, and n-C₁₂H₂₆ was used as the feedstock for the reforming reaction. In the CPOx of n-C₁₂H₂₆, the highest hydrogen selectivity was 64% and was achieved at 100,000 h-1 GHSV. Additionally, the C/O ratio was less than unity in the absence of water vapor. However, as the water concentration was increased to 2.5 and 5.0 vol. % in the n-C₁₂H₂₆ CPOx reactions, the maximum hydrogen selectivity was increased from 64% in the absence of water to 70% and 75%, respectively. This effect is a consequence of the water-gas shift reaction over the catalyst bed. Regarding oxygen concentration effects, hydrogen selectivity slightly increased with increasing oxygen concentration from 10% to 15%. It was also found that the CPOx reaction of n-C₁₂H₂₆ can be ignited at temperatures below 300 C. Accordingly, it can be concluded that CPOx is a useful and feasible device for promoting diesel DeNOx catalysis in terms of hydrogen productivity and reaction initiation.     

江腾一 茶道·车道·人间道

<正>19981998年,13岁的江腾一发现了自身具备的赛车手潜质,于是他开始了自己的卡丁车生涯,在当时他就已经被预言会成为一名成功的天才车手。20032003年,江腾一有幸参加丰田车队及PREMA POWER的雷诺方程式车队在意大利的试车,整个过程中他的表现让人惊喜,出乎所有技术人员的意料,本次试车的所有技术指数表明他是一个很有潜能和可造就的年轻车手。20072007年3月4日,江腾一同冠军方程式签约。次日,他飞往美国寻找自己的赛车之"道"。     

他送“猛士”上战场——记东风汽车公司“猛士”总设计师黄松

2007年底,一款名为"猛士"的军用越野车正式装备部队,从此,中国有了堪与闻名于世的美国"悍马"相媲美的高性能军用越野车。该车的总设计师黄松成为公众关注的焦点。     

夺目双雄——三菱新型“Concept-RA”概念车与“Lancer Ralliart(蓝瑟)”

作为展示三菱汽车高新科技含量的载体,"Concept-RA"概念车以及"Lancer Ralliart (蓝瑟)"车,在动态的流线造型中将其中所蕴含的跑车理念与精益精神,淋漓尽致地展现在了世人面前。     

中国汽车“玲珑秀”

随着全球经济的高速发展,能源和环境问题日益突出,节约能源、保护环境已成为世界各国共同面临的重大挑战。利用电动自行车的产业优势,发展以电动微型车为主体的"个人轿车"非常符合中国国情。     

“毛主席”来到北京车展

作为外形酷似毛泽东主席的特型人物,他在北京国际汽车展上受到了观众热情关注,无论他走到哪里,都有许多观众要求和他合影留念……