进气道对增压汽油机流动特性及性能的影响

基于某款增压发动机,通过C FD软件对不同进气道的进气组织及燃烧过程进行模拟计算,并分析了气道对发动机着火特性和燃烧参数的影响。研究结果表明：减小气道拐角半径 R或进气门直径,均可提高发动机滚流比和湍流强度;火花塞处较低的湍动能强度不利于火焰中心的形成;湍动能较强区域位于燃烧室中间区域更有利于点火之后火焰向四周迅速传播,优化了发动机的燃烧过程。     

活塞形状对点燃式天然气发动机性能的影响

结合天然气发动机的性能优化,在一定压缩比下,设计了两种不同形状的燃烧室,对缸内气体流动及燃烧过程进行了数值模拟,并在台架上进行了试验验证。模拟得出了不同结构燃烧室的湍动能、火焰前锋面位置、燃烧放热率等,结果表明,中心凹陷燃烧室效果较好,与中心凸起燃烧室相比,产生的湍流强度较大,燃烧速度更快,克服了天然气燃烧速度慢的缺点,因此动力性和经济性较好,然而NO排放量也较大。     

可变气门升程与正时对直喷汽油机缸内流动特性的影响

利用CFD三维数值模拟软件模拟了1台缸内直喷汽油机的进气及压缩过程,分析比较了不同最大气门升程及进气正时下缸内流场的变化规律。结果表明:减小最大气门升程可以使进气行程中缸内气体的速度及湍动能显著增加,但在压缩末期的滚流比要略小;在小气门升程下,进气门早开或者晚开都会使得进气过程的湍动能显著增加,在距上止点5mm,10 mm,15 mm的3个横截面上,早开和晚开进气门会使最大平均湍动能分别增加28.29%和43.47%,20.7%和40.81%,23.07%和49.58%,但在压缩后期间,进气门早开或者晚开时对缸内的平均湍动能影响不大;在小气门升程下,进气门的开启时间对压缩末期湍动能的分布有较大的影响,早开或者晚开进气门会使缸内的湍动能趋于一致。     

高压喷射GDI喷孔几何结构对喷孔内流及喷雾特性的影响

采用大涡湍流模拟结合多相流耦合喷雾的方法对GDI喷孔内流和喷雾特性进行了数值研究,着重分析了喷射压力及喷孔结构形状对喷孔出流特性和液滴粒径的影响。结果表明:提高喷射压力有利于增加喷孔出口流速及湍动能,增强燃油破碎;当喷射压力提高到30 MPa之后,进一步提高喷射压力时索特平均直径(SMD)变化不明显,但小粒径占比显著增加;对于变截面喷孔,变截面双曲线喷孔出口处速度和湍动能最大,其SMD最小,小粒径占比最多,有利于喷雾质量提高;与渐缩形喷孔相比,渐扩形喷孔出口处湍动能较大,有利于喷雾初次破碎,然而较多的空泡堵塞喷孔,喷孔出口处流速较低,不利于燃油二次破碎。     

基于NVO策略的CAI工质分层特性的模拟研究

应用通用流体计算软件STAR-CD建立了可控自燃(CAI)发动机模型,重点分析了负气门重叠(NVO)策略10°CA BTDC时工质的分层特性。研究了不同配气定时以及不同气门升程工质分层程度的变化规律以及影响因素,对自燃着火区域进行了统计分析。计算结果表明:随着进气门开启(IVO)时刻的逐渐推迟,工质分层程度增强,自燃着火区域体积变大;随着气门升程的逐渐变大,工质分层程度增强,自燃着火区域体积变大;工质分层程度主要受进气门关闭(IVC)时刻总湍流动能值的影响。总湍流动能值越大,混合越剧烈,压缩末期工质均匀性增强,分层程度减弱;压缩末期自燃着火区域体积的变化趋势与工质分层程度的变化趋势相同。     

火花塞对汽油机缸内湍流的影响

针对4种不同火花塞,利用三维模拟软件建立了缸内直喷汽油机的仿真计算模型,在2 000r/min冷态情况下,对缸内湍流进行了计算,得到发动机在进气冲程、压缩冲程、点火时刻气缸内及火花塞附近的流场,评价了缸内速度场、湍动能参数。结果表明:在进气初期,火花塞对周围湍动能和缸内速度场影响最大,决定了缸内初期涡团的形成以及此后缸内湍流的发展变化;随着进气门的关闭和气缸容积的增大,火花塞对缸内湍流的影响越来越小;直至活塞靠近上止点,火花塞对局部流场的影响再一次显现。采用恰当的火花塞结构,使点火位置气流处于低速且具有足够湍流强度,对点火的稳定性和火焰的传播具有深远的影响。     

四气门汽油机进气阶段缸内流场研究

基于一台四气门汽油机对其进气阶段缸内流场进行研究。通过逆向建模建立发动机流体域CAD模型,将其保存为STL格式导入到CONVERGE中进行面网格的处理,之后进行计算参数的设置并计算。文章采用RNG k-ε模型作为缸内流场和湍流过程的数学模型。计算完成后进行可视化后处理,得到了缸内流场和湍动能的分布情况。分析之后得出结论:高速进气射流是缸内湍流的主要来源,高速进气射流对流场的形成起了决定性作用,缸内流场中高湍动能区位置合理,有利于增加火焰传播速度,提高燃烧稳定性。     

燃烧室形状对双燃料发动机性能影响的模拟分析

利用STAR‐CD软件模拟研究了3种燃烧室形状对柴油‐天然气双燃料发动机性能的影响,3种燃烧室分别为ω形燃烧室、八边哑铃形燃烧室和圆柱形燃烧室。研究发现,八边哑铃形燃烧室因为减小了喉口直径,增加了挤流强度,使得气缸内的湍动能增强,火焰传播速度加快,燃料利用率提高,同时,在燃烧室的底部设计凸台,能引导燃烧室内的气流运动,并引导柴油向燃烧室的底部扩散,促进着火点的广泛分布。因此,八边哑铃形燃烧室的缸内平均压力、平均温度和指示热效率最高,天然气剩余比例最小。     

喷射参数对单喷孔CNG缸内直喷发动机混合过程的影响

利用数值模拟的方法,研究了喷孔直径、喷射脉宽和喷射提前角对单喷孔CNG缸内直喷的可燃混合气形成和浓混合气区域中心变化过程的影响,并利用纹影法对比了试验与仿真计算射流长度和宽度,验证了计算模型。结果表明,喷孔直径过小,浓区中心较偏向于燃烧室壁面,可燃混合气在涡旋受挤压后形成速度快;喷孔直径过大,涡旋受挤压后气体动能低,浓区中心靠近燃烧室壁面,缸内混合气形成较差;喷射脉宽增加,可燃混合气形成速度与总量增加,浓区中心靠近燃烧室壁面;当喷射脉宽过长,射流形态发生变化,影响了可燃混合气的形成;喷射提前角越小,涡旋受挤压后气体动能越大,可燃混合气生成速度越快,但可燃混合气受混合时间的影响,并且,浓区中心易受涡旋气体运动的影响;合理优化喷孔直径、喷射脉宽、喷射提前角均有利于获得均质混合气,但优化喷射脉宽和喷射提前角更有利于均质混合气的增加。     

Atkinson循环发动机紧凑型燃烧系统研究

基于Atkinson理论循环建立混合动力汽油机的性能仿真模型,确定出合适的压缩比与配气正时。分别采用增加活塞顶面凸起高度(上凸型燃烧室)和减小缸盖上燃烧室高度的方式来满足Atkinson循环汽油机对压缩比的要求。同时为适应紧凑结构减小气门升程、直径(紧凑型燃烧室)。通过三维CFD计算分析,比较了两种燃烧室缸内燃烧及流动特性,发现紧凑型燃烧室能够在火核形成及扩散时期在缸内产生更高的湍动能,有利于加快火焰传播,使燃烧持续期缩短9.8%~24.4%,可显著提高燃油经济性。在混合动力用Atkinson循环发动机开发中使用紧凑型燃烧室,具有重要的应用价值。     

湍流射流点火燃烧特性的模拟研究

稀薄燃烧策略可以在提高燃料效率的同时减少污染物排放,而预燃室式湍流射流点火技术作为一种强点火方式能够有效提高燃烧稳定性.采用数值模拟手段对稀薄混合气湍流射流点火燃烧特性进行研究.结果 表明:在混合气过量空气系数(φa)为1.5的情况下,湍流射流点火相较传统火花塞点火最高燃烧压力提高66.4％,NOx排放相较当量比燃烧降...     

Optimize combustion of compressed natural gas engine by improving in-cylinder flows

In order to solve the problem of slow flame propagation in a spark-ignition engine fueled with compressed natural gas (CNG), the influence of in-cylinder flows on combustion process was investigated in CA6SE3-21E4N CNG-engine by means of numerical simulation and experiment. The status of in-cylinder flows from intake to expansion stroke was described by computational fluid dynamic tool, which revealed that the in-cylinder flows were one of the main reasons of slow burning rate. Therefore, a special-shaped combustion chamber called Cross was used to improve the in-cylinder flows. The results showed that peak turbulent kinetic energy of Cross was 43.9% higher than that of original combustion chamber called Cylinder during the late compression period at 1450 rpm 100% load. The combustion parameters, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and regulated emissions were obtained by means of experiment. At 1450rpm 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load conditions, the ignition delay of Cross was longer than that of Cylinder, moreover, the Cross produced averagely 5.75°CA shorter combustion duration. The BSFC of Cross was on an average of 4.3% reduction at 1450 rpm as well as the HC and CO emissions were reduced whereas the NOx emissions were significantly increased.     

Effect of injection timing,injector opening pressure,injector nozzle geometry,and swirl on the performance of a direct injection,compression-ignition engine fuelled with honge oil methyl ester (HOME)

Increasing petroleum prices, increasing threat to the environment from exhaust emissions and global warming have generated intense international interest in developing renewable and alternative non-petroleum fuels for engines. Evolving feasible technology and recurring energy crisis necessitated a continued investigation into the search for sustainable and clean-burning renewable fuels. In this investigation, Honge oil methyl ester (HOME) was used in a four stroke, single cylinder diesel engine. Tests were carried out to study the effect of fuel injection timing, fuel injector opening pressure (IOP) and injector nozzle geometry on the performance and combustion of CI engine fuelled with HOME. Injection timing was varied from 19°bTDC (before top dead centre) to 27°bTDC in incremental steps of 4°bTDC; injector opening pressure was varied from 210 bar to 240 bar in steps of 10 bar. Nozzle injectors of 3, 4 and 5 holes, each of 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 mm size were selected for the study. It was concluded that retarded injection timing of 19°bTDC, increased injector opening pressure of 230 bar and 4 hole nozzle injector of 0.2 mm size resulted in overall better engine performance with increased brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and reduced HC, CO, smoke emissions. Further air-fuel mixing was improved using swirl induced techniques which enhanced the engine performance as well.     

Soot and temperature distribution in a diesel diffusion flame: 3-D CFD simulation and measurement with laser diagnostics

In this study, a 3-D CFD simulation and laser diagnostics were developed to understand the characteristics of soot generation in a diesel diffusion flame. The recently developed RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations) hybrid combustion model (Extended Coherent Flame Model — 3 Zones, ECFM-3Z model) was used. This industrial, state-ofthe-art model of the diffusion flame is commonly used in diesel combustion models as well as for propagating (premixed) flame combustion. The simulation results were validated with measurements from a constant volume combustion chamber. The experiment revealed that soot accumulated in the chamber where the temperature decreased. Where the temperature increased rapidly, only a little soot accumulated. The temperature and soot distribution were independently examined using both the two-color method and a 3-D CFD simulation for a turbulent diesel diffusion flame.     

基于模拟计算的GDI发动机燃烧室优化设计

利用AVL Fire软件,对一款高压缩比直喷汽油机的缸内流动及喷雾过程进行了数值模拟,研究了不同燃烧室设计方案对缸内流动过程的影响。结合滚流、旋流、湍动能、缸内当量比分布等8项评价指标,分析了不同方案对混合气形成的改善效果。通过分析计算结果,并引入优化率对燃烧室设计进行评估,评估结果表明,最优方案在高转速工况和低转速工况的优化率分别达到了25.3%和23.4%,发动机缸内混合气的形成过程得到了明显的改善。     

摩托车发动机油气分离器的改进设计

用油气分离器将机油和燃烧室窜气分离,燃烧室窜气引入空滤器后再次进入燃烧室进行二次燃烧,从而避免了曲轴箱废气直接排入大气污染环境的现象.