基于供应链的厦门港发展战略

从供应链角度分析厦门港物流服务供应链发展存在的问题,认为随着全球经济一体化的发展,港口已由单一的运输节点发展为联结全球生产、贸易及相关物流活动的重要节点,港口之间的竞争也演化为港口所处供应链之间的竞争,并提出厦门港应顺应形势,努力构建港口物流服务供应链,提升港口所在供应链的竞争力,向第四代港口转变的发展战略建议。     

新年寄语

港口是现代物流供应链和物流网络的重要结点。随着全球经济的一体化发展,世界贸易通过港口的物流量正在迅猛增长,我国90％以上的外贸物流量要通过港口来实现。为了进一步提高港口作业效率和扩大吞吐能力,更好地满足全球物流量增长的需求,     

全球大港重心加速东移

因为全球贸易量的上升，国际航运船舶走向大型化，而大型化船舶要求有设施相配的大的枢纽港和深水码头。在新一轮港口建设中，东亚，特别是中国走在了西方国家的前面。许多航运公司的高管们忧虑，如果欧美的港口设施仍一如既往没有扩容计划，就将拖东西方贸易和运输的后腿，制约正在上升的东亚航运和港业发展。去年美西和北欧航线的压船压港现象，已经限制了全球供应链上物流的畅通。那么，对不愿意扩张的港口来说，让航运公司参股，作为投资者来共同经营是不是一个好的出路呢?     

区块链技术与港口革新

<正>港口和供应链已经开始意识到区块链技术在简化物流、提升安全性和转化全球贸易实现方式等方面的巨大潜力港口和供应链已经开始意识到区块链技术在简化物流、提升安全性和转化全球贸易实现方式等方面的巨大潜力。将一个集装箱从A处运到B处需要涉及供应链的30多个环节,产生百余处交互,并需要动用电子邮件、传真和许多纸质材料,而这些支出几乎可以涵盖这趟运输的大半费     

港口效率成影响全球贸易关键因素

<正>21世纪的港口,应该强调港口管理适应全球贸易供应链中的整合发展,港口效率决定贸易成本和发展趋势,任何将港口整合至全球供应链框架的战略都将减少运输及物流成本我们强调世界贸易的当下,已经将其放置在港口效率、技术升级、成本降低和客户满意期望值提升的新纪元时代。港口行业通过提高基础设施建设投资、使用先进的自动化装备及无人驾驶吊车,达到效率最大化的同时,却忽略了港口效率的内在和外在因素的功能。成本提高很明显被武断的定义为效率     

港口物流服务供应链中多任务分配问题研究

主要研究了以港口为核心企业的物流服务供应链中的多物流任务分配问题.依据港口物流服务供应链的成本结构及运营特点,考虑了服务供应链的服务时间、服务成本、各物流服务商对任务分配的满意度等多种因素,建立了港口物流服务供应链多任务分配模型,最后运用模型对一个供应链实例进行任务分配.     

宁波舟山港物流服务供应链发展研究

在经济全球化大背景下，港口作为供应链中的重要一环，在对外贸易中起到了关键性作用，而港口物流的发展与港口供应链效率息息相关，对港口核心竞争力与自身发展有着重要影响。为提高宁波舟山港港口物流服务能力，促进港口物流服务供应链的发展，基于宁波舟山港目前实际情况，全方位分析宁波舟山港服务供应链中物流、信息流、商流、资金流现状和问题；从完善供应链组成、促进供应链集成、拓展增值业务和增强供应链系统信息化建设等方面提出对策建议，藉此促进区域经济发展，加速宁波舟山港向第四代港口转型。     

港口供应链协调绩效评价研究

港口作为全球供应链的重要节点,将国际贸易、生产、物流等活动相连接,又将上游的供应商、下游的消费者及两端的运输商、中间商相连,将不同的运输方式、复杂的服务对象及自身组织结构等有机集成在一起,形成港口供应链。本文建立了港口供应链协调的绩效评价体系,并以某一港口为例,运用基于比重的熵权—层次分析法(WAE)对港口在供应链中的协调作用进行绩效评价。     

基于供应链的厦门港口发展战略

本文从供应链的角度出发,通过对厦门港口物流服务供应链发展瓶颈的分析,提出厦门港口要顺应形势,努力构建港口物流服务供应链,提升港口所在供应链的竞争力,向第四代港口转变的发展战略建议。     

负起供应链中的使命 发挥21世纪港口新作用

21世纪港口的概念由于集装箱船舶呈现大型化趋势、国际运输进入综合物流时代和国际班轮公司进入全球承运人和全球性联盟时代而赋予了新的内容。21世纪港口不仅比传统港口增加了综合物流功能，而且在工业、贸易、金融、通讯和商业功能上得到新的加强和发展。如果把现代港口上升到全球供应链的组成部分来认识，这不仅要适合时宜的，而且对于港口在新世纪担当起新的重任和发挥独到的作用是十分重要的。     

Spatial pattern of the global shipping network and its hub-and-spoke system

Port system is a research focus of transport geography, and most studies believe carriers are important factors in the development and concentration of the port system. Since the 1990s, carriers have played an important role in organizing the global shipping network and reorganizing the port system. But there isn’t a perfect method to evaluate carriers’ influence and the roles of each port in the maritime shipping networks. In this paper, we use the monthly schedule table of international carriers to describe and model the spatial pattern of the global shipping network and identify its hub-and-spoke system. The result shows that a hierarchical structure exists in the global shipping network. The North Hemisphere, especially the East Asia and the Southeast Asia, is a dominant region of the worldwide shipping network. East Asia, Southeast Asia, Northeast Europe, and East coast of the USA are the concentration regions of worldwide shipping lines. The ports of Hong Kong, Singapore, Shenzhen, Shanghai, and Kaohsiung etc have advanced capacity for maritime shipping and high potentials for being hub ports in the global shipping network. Today, the worldwide shipping network is transforming from the multi-port calling system to 44 regional hub-and-spoke systems. Meanwhile, the sub-networks with hub ports of Antwerp, Singapore, and Hong Kong have become the most important ones and dominate the whole global shipping network.     

Asian product trade

The 'Asian 'flu' has caused uncertainty about the future of product shipping in Asia. Product shipping is a difficult business, subject to the vagaries of such factors as local and regional supply/demand imbalances, refinery inputs, outputs and utilization rates, storage and terminalling considerations, product quality differences, price differentials, seasonal variations, and port traffic. This paper covers the Asia-Pacific product demand and trade by type in four major submarkets: Australasia, Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Asia. Forecasts are created of product demand by type and country, assessing likely additions to refinery capacities, and conducting computer-modelling exercises that simulate refinery output and product blending. The difference between product output and product demand in any given country is assumed to equate to trade. The analysis suggests that Asian economies will recover during the 2000-2005 period, and that there will be an increase in the petroleum product trade.     

非洲港口发展格局及趋势分析

梳理和分析非洲港口发展格局和趋势能够为我国企业参与非洲港口投资、建设、运营提供参考。对非洲港口发展现状、特点和存在问题进行梳理和总结,展望未来发展趋势。与全球其他地区相比,非洲港口在全球海运贸易总规模中的份额较低,港口发展以装卸仓储等基础、传统服务为主,港城矛盾、堆场不足、集疏运通道不畅、现代化和信息化水平低等问题普遍存在。随着全球经济和经贸形势总体长驱稳定,非洲经济产业长期将维持稳定增长,未来非洲港口投资建设需求依旧旺盛,区域港口发展格局将不断演变,港产城一体化、陆上物流通道等建设将加快。     

Managing port-related supply chain disruptions (PSCDs): a management model and empirical evidence

ABSTRACT

In the contemporary port business environment, port resilience is of paramount importance for supply chain continuity. A result of the increased integration of ports into supply chains is ports’ potential to supply chain disruptions. This paper introduces a PSCD management model that incorporates the application of risk management, business continuity management, and quality management theories with the purpose of increasing port resilience such that supply chain continuity is enhanced. To validate this model, primary data were collected from samples of port operators and port authorities and analyzed using structural equation modeling with AMOS 22.0. The results indicate that managing PSCD using the management model contributes positively to the identification of internal and external opportunities and through that to port’s resilience of internal operations. This, in turn, positively influences port’s financial health and market reputation. The management model has several managerial and academic implications as it offers meaningful insights on policy development as well as theory building.     

Competition model of cruise home ports based on the cruise supply chain – based on China cruise market

This paper addresses issues of cruise home port competition based on the cruise supply chain. A pricing model of the cruise market is developed considering the competitive cooperation behaviors of the participants in the cruise supply chain. Furthermore, a model of cruise home port competition is developed to investigate the impacts of subsidy participants in the cruise supply chain on cruise home ports. The results indicate that subsidy policies change the market equilibrium, promote the upstream and downstream integration of cruise supply chain, and enhance cruise home port competitiveness. Subsidies to cruise line increase the payoffs of cruise supply chain and ports’ profit. Subsidies to travel agency decrease passenger costs and improve all ports’ profits. For the long-term development of cruise home port, the consequents can be used as policy suggestions.     

Asian hub/feeder nets: the dynamics of restructuring

The emergence of hub/feeder networks in the Singapore-Japan corridor through the 1970s and 1980s reflected not only the rapid growth of containerized cargo in regional Southeast and East Asia but also the exceptional importance of Far East/transPacific and Far East/Europe mainline shipping services in structuring these networks. This paper argues that the mid-1990s is a defining moment in the restructuring of these networks; that the period represents, in fact, a convergence of a number of different though related trends impacting on the regional shipping market. More particularly, continuing high growth rates of containerized cargo have not only spawned new ports but have also increased the proportion of ports handling threshold volumes of containers for which mainline calls, rather than handling thfeeder operations, are justified. Further, the quite dramatic retionalization of already large container shipping lines into mergers and alliances bestows a new level of market power that is able to underwrite major changes in shipping schedules, port rotations and feeder linkages. This paper speculates that these developments are generating, and will continue to generate new, hierarchically organized port/shipping networks in which high order networks will include high efficiency/high cost operations; and lower order networks will include a mix of hub and direct-call ports that will focus on different market segments.     

Fuzzy empty containers excess estimation as an economic indicator—the case of the north Adriatic port system

Today, approximately 90% of the world’s cargo is moved by ships and almost all general cargoes are transported in containers. Worldwide container traffic has increased over the last 20 years by 7% annually, and containerization has begun to seriously impact global trade patterns. As a result, container terminals have become very important nodes in the world’s supply chain. In this article, we have highlighted the link between the total and empty container traffic and the global economy. By way of example, we have analysed the empty container traffic in north Adriatic ports in the years before and during the global economic crisis and in a period of stability after the major economic slump. We used a fuzzy multicriteria algorithm to find out how the global crisis, which has affected ports, influences the number of excess empty containers at the terminals. We show that these factors, in particular the change of the global financial and economic situation, have different repercussions to the ports of the north Adriatic: less serious effects upon the ports that are well connected locally and substantial consequences for the ports that are well connected globally.     

Impact of politics,economic events and port policies on the evolution of maritime traffic in Chinese ports

The Chinese government has been exploring various paths to find a direction that better suits China’s national conditions during the past 60 years. Meanwhile, a series of political and economic events and policy transformations have had different effects on the port industry. This article attempts to ascertain how these events and port policies have influenced Chinese port traffic through an empirical study on data covering 1952–2009. The findings suggest that foreign trade has been the prime driver of the throughput of Chinese ports. The increase in the ports’ throughput has enabled an increase in domestic demand and the urgent need for further port investment. Chinese port throughput has been subject to multiple shocks. The Great Leap Forward¹ is found to have had the largest, but only a short-term impact. China’s accession to the World Trade Organization, however, led to a longer and exclusive effect on ports, with little observed effect on the other variables. The reform of port governance is shown to have had a more lasting positive effect on port throughput than physical investment. However, these latter effects are minor, the economic and political factors remain the primary driving factors of port throughput.     

全球典型中转港发展格局、特征及趋势研究

全球海运的发展催生出以转运货物形式服务于周边区域和远洋运输的中转港,它们在全球贸易及运输体系中占据重要地位,形成了明显的特征格局。在中转港形成因素及分类研究的基础上,总结全球范围中转港发展格局和发展特征,探讨不同区域中转港的发展趋势。结果表明,当前全球航运格局重心在亚太地区,国际中转港主要分布在远东-西欧-北美主航线,而扼守关键区位则容易催生出中转大港。同时,未来各区域的中转港发展将随着经济全球化与国际贸易的深入发展而变动,并受船舶大型化、服务软环境等显著影响。     

A game-theoretic analysis of competition among container port hubs: the case of Busan and Shanghai 1

Countries throughout the world, and especially within Asia, are investing heavily in container port infrastructure in the hopes of capturing a larger share of global shipping activity for their economies. Many existing ports are emphasizing developing the capacity to serve as a hub port, building deepwater berths with large terminals to facilitate transfer of containers from feeder ships to mother ships for intercontinental transport. We develop a game-theoretic best response framework for understanding how competitor ports will respond to development at a focus port, and whether the focus port will be able to capture or defend market share by building additional capacity. We apply this model to investment and competition currently occurring between the ports of Busan and Shanghai.