现代企业管理中绩效管理的探析

在现代企业管理中绩效管理成为提升企业竞争力的有效战略工具,确保企业组织战略目标快速平稳地实现,促使企业的经济效益稳步增长,形成企业管理中的良性循环。本文主要以企业管理中绩效管理、绩效考核,考评的方法、步骤等为探讨重点。     

水运安全影响因素及提升措施研究

水运是一种重要的物流方式,在国际贸易中起到重要作用。为保证水运安全,对水运安全影响因素及提升措施进行研究,分析水运安全影响因素,包括船舶因素、人为因素、环境因素、管理因素等,并针对安全影响因素提出对应的水运安全水平提升措施,以期为解决水运安全问题提供参考。     

安全氛围对机务维修人员安全行为的影响机理研究

为弄清民航机务维修单位的安全氛围对维修人员安全行为的影响路径，基于理论分析提出研究假设，对264份我国某航空公司维修人员的问卷调查数据进行信度和效度分析，利用结构方程模型构建民航机务维修安全氛围对维修人员安全行为的影响模型。结果表明：维修单位安全氛围的安全政策与程序、安全监督、安全教育与培训、安全计划和目标、作业环境五个维度以安全能力和安全意识为中介影响机务维修人员的安全行为。     

基于并购后资源整合的航空公司竞争力

以国内外航空公司为样本数据进行实证分析,通过因子分析法与多元回归分析法探索并购后资源整合对航空公司竞争力的影响状况。研究结果表明,保留独立品牌、统一财务管理目标与制度等与航空公司竞争力提升显著正相关;并购后进行战略整合、留住核心人才短期内使航空公司竞争力下降,但中长期内对其有正面影响。总体而言,并购后资源整合对航空公司竞争力有正面影响,但并购后第一年航空公司竞争力提升明显小于并购后第二年与第三年。     

内河航运安全指数构建和发布机制研究

为提高内河航运管理人员安全意识,提升内河航运安全管理水平,提出建立内河航运安全指数的思路。从人、船舶、环境和管理因素四个方面全面分析了内河水上交通安全的影响因素,确定各种因素对事故发生的影响程度。提出了基于贝叶斯理论的安全指数的计算方法,以长江为例,建立了内河航运安全贝叶斯网络拓扑结构图,进而对长江某段的通航安全进行评估。最后,提出了内河航运安全指数发布周期、发布流程、部门支撑和发布途径等,供我国内河航运管理部门参考。     

路桥工程施工技术管理与安全保障措施研究

路桥工程作为支撑城市发展的交通基础设施,对民众生活质量的提升有重要意义。为了进一步优化路桥工程施工技术,对影响路桥工程施工质量与安全的相关因素进行分析,指出路桥工程施工技术管理与安全保障措施中存在的问题,并针对性地提出相关优化策略,以期为规范施工技术和保证施工安全提供一定的参考。     

航空公司运控系统智能化转型探究

运行控制系统用于规范航空公司运行管理、控制风险、提高运行效率，对于民航运输的安全管理、服务提升和成本管控具有重要意义。目前，中国民航在基于大数据、智能化、场景化的航班全生命周期运行管理工作尚处于起步阶段，文章在分析整理中国民航运行控制系统发展历程的基础上，提出了下一代运行控制系统的建设思路及部分方案，为航空公司运行控制系统建设提供指导。     

民航空中乘务服务质量综合评价体系研究

为提升民航空中乘务服务质量,对民航空中乘务服务质量影响因素进行分析,并提出民航空中乘务服务质量综合评价体系构建思路,结合相关数据,分析南航、东航、国航、海航公司的空中乘务服务质量。在此基础上,提出加强对空中乘务员的管理、提升空中乘务员综合素质、面向空乘工作展开绩效考评三点建议,以期进一步提高空中乘务员专业水平与素养。     

基于发展阶段的绿色交通体系绩效评价指标研究

在将绩效管理引入绿色交通体系推进方式的基础上,提出了绿色交通绩效管理的基本要素,针对绿色交通的萌芽、成长、成熟及衰退阶段提出了发展特点和需求,明确了绿色交通绩效管理基本导向,重点针对成长型和成熟型绿色交通体系分别以目标管理法、平衡计分卡为基本工具提出了绩效评价指标体系框架。     

航空公司监察员胜任力模型实证研究

为研究航空公司监察员胜任岗位的关键能力,通过文献分析、剖析监察员工作流程和职责、访谈等方式获取航空公司监察员胜任力要素。采用探索性因子分析建立航空公司监察员胜任力模型。该模型包括岗位能力、综合知识、应用经验、个性品质4个一级指标,以及事件调查能力、公司规章制度、监察运行程序等22个二级指标。运用结构方程模型（SEM）的理论及方法检验其变量间的关系和模型的有效性。并确定各个指标对模型的影响程度,最后通过灰色关联分析对胜任力模型进行实例评估,结果表明：其构建的胜任力模型评价结果与航空公司监察员的实际工作能力结果相符合,验证了模型的合理性和有效性。     

An optimal aircraft fleet management decision model under uncertainty

Decision planning for an efficient fleet management is crucial for airlines to ensure a profit while maintaining a good level of service. Fleet management involves acquisition and leasing of aircraft to meet travelers' demand. Accordingly, the methods used in modeling travelers' demand are crucial as they could affect the robustness and accuracy of the solutions. Compared with most of the existing studies that consider deterministic demand, this study proposes a new methodology to find optimal solutions for a fleet management decision model by considering stochastic demand. The proposed methodology comes in threefold. First, a five‐step modeling framework, which is incorporated with a stochastic demand index (SDI), is proposed to capture the occurrence of uncertain events that could affect the travelers' demand. Second, a probabilistic dynamic programming model is developed to optimize the fleet management model. Third, a probable phenomenon indicator is defined to capture the targeted level of service that could be achieved satisfactorily by the airlines under uncertainty. An illustrative case study is presented to evaluate the applicability of the proposed methodology. The results show that it is viable to provide optimal solutions for the aircraft fleet management model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A comparative study of aviation safety briefing media: card,video, and video with interactive controls

Passengers’ safety knowledge is a key factor in determining the chance of surviving any life- or injury-threatening situation that could occur in civil aviation. Aviation regulations require airlines to provide safety briefings to inform passengers of safety procedures on board. The safety briefing card and the safety briefing video are the two media that airlines routinely employ on board to this purpose. Unfortunately, research on aviation safety briefing media has cast serious doubts about their efficacy, urging researchers to better understand what makes safety briefing media effective as well as improving their effectiveness. This paper contributes to such goals in two different ways. First, it proposes the introduction of interactive technology into aviation safety briefings for improving their effectiveness. Second, it illustrates a controlled study that compares the effectiveness of three safety briefing media: the two briefing media that airlines currently employ on-board (safety briefing card and safety briefing video) and a safety briefing video extended with basic interactive controls. The results obtained by the study highlight a superior effectiveness of the two video media over the card media for aviation safety briefings. Moreover, the video with interactive controls produced improvements over the card in a larger number of effectiveness measures than the traditional video. The paper includes a discussion of factors that can explain the better results obtained with the video conditions, and in particular the video with interactive controls, and of possible additional extensions to increase the interactivity of aviation safety briefings.     

A linear programming-based method for the network revenue management problem of air cargo

One critical operational issue of air cargo operation faced by airlines is the control over the sales of their limited cargo space. Since American Airlines’ successful implementation in the post-deregulation era, revenue management (RM) has become a common practice for the airline industry. However, unlike the air passenger operation supported by well-developed RM systems with advanced decision models, the decision process in selling air cargo space to freight forwarders is usually based on experience, without much support from optimization techniques. This study first formulates a multi-dimensional dynamic programming (DP) model to present a network RM problem for air cargo. In order to overcome the computational challenge, this study develops two linear programming (LP) based models to provide the decision support operationally suitable for airlines. In addition, this study further introduces a dynamic adjustment factor to alleviate the inaccuracy problem of the static LP models in estimating resource opportunity cost. Finally, a numerical experiment is performed to validate the applicability of the developed model and solution algorithm to the real-world problems.     

Assessing the impact of tactical airport surface operations on airline schedule block time setting

With the growth of air traffic, airport surfaces are congested and air traffic operations are disrupted by the formation of bottlenecks on the surface. Hence, improving the efficiency and predictability of airport surface operations is not only a key goal of NASA’s initiatives in Integrated Arrival/Departure/Surface (IADS) operations, but also has been recognized as a critical aspect of the FAA NextGEN implementation plan. While a number of tactical initiatives have been shown to be effective in improving airport surface operations from a service provider’s perspective, their impacts on airlines’ scheduled block time (SBT) setting, which has been found to have direct impact on airlines’ on-time performance and operating cost, have received little attention. In this paper, we assess this impact using an econometric model of airline SBT combined with a before/after analysis of the implementation of surface congestion management (SCM) at John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in 2010. Since airlines do not consider gate delay in setting SBT, we find that reduction in taxi-out time variability resulting from SCM leads to more predictable taxi-out times and thus decreases in SBT. The JFK SCM implementation is used as a case study to validate model prediction performance. The observed SBT decrease between 2009 and 2011 at JFK is 4.8 min and our model predicts a 4.2 min decrease. In addition, Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT) is used as an example to demonstrate how different surface operations improvements scenarios can be evaluated in terms of SBT reduction.     

道路运输企业安全管理探析

文章从影响道路运输行车安全的基本因素入手,结合典型交通事故,分析了道路运输企业的安全管理现状及存在的问题,提出了针对性的安全管理措施。     

Evaluating airlines with slack‐based measures and meta‐frontiers

This study develops a new performance evaluation model, called the meta dynamic network slack‐based measure (MDN‐SBM). This model incorporates the concept of meta‐frontiers to facilitate comparisons of performance of decision making units, while at the same time it generalizes the slack‐based measure (SBM), network SBM, and dynamic SBM. This MDN‐SBM model is capable of dealing with two important special features of the transportation industry: unfavorable accidents and non‐storable goods, i.e. available seat‐kilometers that are wasting assets that lose value completely if unsold before departure. Hence, this generalized model contains higher differentiable capability than all its SBM‐related submodels in the literature. To demonstrate, 35 international airlines with two divisions (production and consumption) in three terms (one‐year time periods from 2007 to 2009) have been analyzed using meta‐performance efficiency measures (ME) for all decision making units and have also been compared by geographical area (Asia‐Pacific, N. America/Europe). The numerical example and comparison validate the proposed MDN‐SBM model and suggest the airlines should put more focus on input resources reduction for productivity improvement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高速公路施工中基于行为的安全管理模式探究

文章结合行业实际,分析了高速公路施工作业人员不安全行为的表现形式,提出了基于行为的安全管理模式及内容,为有效地预防和控制安全事故提供方法依据。     

The safety ladder: developing an evidence-based safety management strategy for small road transport companies

Traffic accidents account for between 20% and 40% of work-related accidents in industrial countries, and research indicates that road transport companies often have little focus on organisational safety management (OSM). There is thus a huge and largely untapped road safety potential in improving the safety of people who drive in their work, by focusing on OSM. Road transport companies in European countries are often small, however, with limited resources in terms of time, financial resources and competence on road safety. The main aim of the present article is therefore to develop an OSM strategy for small road transport companies. Based on a systematic literature review, taking Norwegian research as its point of departure, the article concludes that four measures seem to be most realistic for small goods-transport businesses, and that these measures seem to have the greatest safety potential. These four measures can be arranged on a ladder, where businesses start at the lowest and most basic level, before proceeding to the next step. While our stepwise safety-ladder approach has not been validated, it is expected that further research would confirm the value of the strategy proposed.     

The impact of strategic management and fleet planning on airline efficiency - A random effects Tobit model based on DEA efficiency scores

As a result of the liberalisation of airline markets; the strong growth of low cost carriers; the high volatility in fuel prices; and the recent global financial crisis, the cost pressure that airlines face is very substantial. In order to survive in these very competitive environments, information on what factors impact on costs and efficiency of airlines is crucial in guiding strategic change. To evaluate key determinants of 58 passenger airlines’ efficiency, this paper applies a two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach, with partially bootstrapped random effects Tobit regressions in the second stage. Our results suggest that the effects of route optimisation, in the sense of average stage length of the fleet, are limited to airline technical efficiency. We show that airline size and key fleet mix characteristics, such as aircraft size and number of different aircraft families in the fleet, are more relevant to successful cost management of airlines since they have significant impacts on all three types of airline efficiency: technical, allocative and, ultimately, cost efficiency. Our results also show that despite the fuel saving benefits of younger aircraft, the age of an airline’s fleet has no significant impact on its technical efficiency, but does have a positive impact on its allocative and cost efficiency.     

Adaptive prediction of flight time uncertainty for ground-based 4D trajectory management

An adaptive prediction model of level flight time uncertainty is derived as a function of flight and meteorological conditions, and its effectiveness for ground-based 4D trajectory management is discussed. Flight time uncertainty inevitably increases because of fluctuations in meteorological conditions, even though the Mach number, flight altitude and direction are controlled constant. Actual flight data collected using the secondary surveillance radar Mode S and numerical weather forecasts are processed to obtain a large collection of flight time error and flight and meteorological conditions. Through the law of uncertainty propagation, an adaptive prediction model of flight time uncertainty is derived as a function of the Mach number, flight distance, wind, and temperature. The coefficients of the adaptive prediction model is determined through cluster analysis and linear regression analysis. It is clearly demonstrated that the proposed adaptive prediction model can estimate the flight time uncertainty without underestimation or overestimation, even under moderate or severe weather conditions. The proposed adaptive prediction is able to improve both safety and efficiency of 4D trajectory management simultaneously.