广西高速公路现金通行费缴款监管及对账应用管理系统的设计与实现

文章针对目前高速公路运营公司出现的一系列现金通行费缴款监管及对账应用管理问题,构建广西高速公路现金通行费缴款监管及对账应用管理系统,并经过严格的系统测试,实现了自动对账等功能,提高了相关工作人员的工作效率,降低了资金流失的风险,并加强了对现金通行费资金的监管。     

现金管道传输系统在罗村口省界收费站的应用

随着交通的飞速发展,高速公路的车辆通行量越来越大,收费站收取的通行费金额也越来越多。通过人工方式将大额的现金由收费亭转移到收费站金库存在较大的安全隐患,同时效率也比较低下,而引进利用气动原理的现金管道传输系统能够较好解决目前存在的问题。文章介绍了现金管道传输系统在罗村口省界收费站的应用,并分析了该系统的工作原理和应用方案,为现金管道传输系统在高速公路收费站的推广应用提供参考。     

浅谈“绿色通道”发展存在的偷逃费现象及应对措施

分析了目前"绿色通道"出现的假冒绿通车辆层出不穷的偷逃通行费手段,以及收费站不断升级的应对措施。     

规费差别征收与货车结构调整

营业性道路货运车辆结构调整,是当前提高道路运输服务水平和保障公路交通安全、畅通的重点问题之一.改革现行交通规费和公路通行费征收办法,对养路费、货运附加费、车辆购置税、运管费和高速公路、国省道公路的通行费实行分类差别标准征收的措施,是交通部门提高经济调节能力、加快运输结构调整、保障公路安全畅通的重要手段.     

高速公路车辆偷逃通行费的原因及应对措施

文章结合柳州高速公路运营有限公司收费管理实际,阐述了高速公路车辆偷逃通行费的基本情况,并多角度分析了车辆偷逃通行费的原因,提出了完善管理、强化堵漏、技术革新、法律支持的打击高速公路车辆偷逃通行费行为的措施与办法。     

高速公路车辆偷逃通行费的特征及其对策

文章介绍了高速公路车辆偷逃通行费常见形式的特征及相应对策,阐述了打击车辆偷逃通行费行为面临的困难,并提出了应对车辆偷逃通行费行为的建议和设想,为构建安全、畅通、和谐的交通提供参考。     

高速公路车辆“倒卡”偷逃通行费浅析

文章从不法营运车主偷逃通行费的心理特征入手,对高速公路车辆倒卡偷逃通行费行为的种类进行了阐述,提出了防制倒卡偷逃通行费行为的对策和建议。     

集团企业资金集中监管模式及其对内部控制的作用

在对集团企业资金集中管理与监管层次进行简要分析的基础上,提出了如何构建资金监管的方式,并对资金集中监管对规范集团企业内部控制的作用进行了分析。     

提高我国道路运输装备水平的政策建议

针对目前我国道路货运车辆运力结构不合理,难以满足现代物流发展需要的情况,本文建议通过调整相关政策,修改车辆技术标准,运用法律和行政手段,通过税收优惠、通行费优惠、专项资金引导等措施,提高运输装备水平,促进现代物流发展。     

高速公路车辆偷逃通行费的主要形式及防制措施

文章阐述了高速公路车辆偷逃通行费的主要形式,探讨了车辆偷逃通行费行为的防制措施及建议,为进一步完善征费软、硬件设施提供参考依据。     

Vertical separation as means to establish interoperability in road tolling in Europe

As more European roads become tolled by various means, an increasing share of road users become subject to more than one tolling scheme in their regular driving. This can be especially burdensome for long distance hauliers, who may pass several countries and tolled motorway systems during the course of 1 day. For this reason, a range of projects have been initiated attempting to increase the level of interoperability between tolling systems, many of which with only limited success. By analyzing current incentives, costs and benefits for toll operators and road users, we conclude firstly that the current level of interoperability is likely to be lower than socially optimal, and secondly that a direct regulation making the provision of interoperability mandatory is likely to be in excess of what is socially optimal. We argue that vertically separating the monopolistic toll operators could be a cost-efficient way to achieve a socially optimal level of interoperability as a equilibrium market outcome.     

Modeling intermodal equilibrium for bimodal transportation system design problems in a linear monocentric city

This paper investigates the intermodal equilibrium, road toll pricing, and bus system design issues in a congested highway corridor with two alternative modes - auto and bus - which share the same roadway along this corridor. On the basis of an in-depth analysis of the demand and supply sides of the bimodal transportation system, the mode choice equilibrium of travelers along the continuum corridor is first presented and formulated as an equivalent variational inequality problem. The solution properties of the bimodal continuum equilibrium formulation are analytically explored. Two models, which account for different infrastructure/system regulatory regimes (public and private), are then proposed. In the public regulatory model, the road toll location and charge level are simultaneously optimized together with the bus service fare and frequency. In the private regulatory model, the fare and frequency of bus services, which are operated by a profit-driven private operator, are optimized for exogenously given toll pricing schemes. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the application of the proposed models. Sensitivity analysis of residential/household distribution along the corridor is carried out together with a comparison of four different toll pricing schemes (no toll, first best, distance based, and location based). Insightful findings are reported on the interrelationships among modal competition, market regulatory regimes, toll pricing schemes, and urban configurations as well as their implications in practice.     

Electronic toll collection

Electronic toll collection (ETC) offers the opportunity for toll facility operators to supply a substantially greater amount of traffic capacity than any other currently available form of toll collection. The current interest in ETC derives from the proposals in a number of countries to introduce urban tollways, using the net toll receipts to recover the cost of the capital investment plus an acceptable profit margin for those taking the financial risk. This paper outlines the main economic, technical, and administrative features of ETC in the context of toll charges that are determined by the rules of capital cost recovery. Electronic road pricing (ERP) as a mechanism for implementing full road user charging (in line with economic principles of efficient use of road space) is not the topic of this paper, given the predominantly financial basis of setting tolls for private roads. The underlying rationale for toolroads in the political climate of most nations is not suggestive of any plan to revise the pricing regime in line with ERP upon reversion of the infrastructure to the public sector when the capital costs are repaid. It is assumed that the tollroads will revert to free roads in line with the existing road system, and that road users will continue to contribute towards the costs of maintaining the road system by the traditional pricing mechanisms (i.e. fuel taxes, vehicle registration, fees, etc.).     

New models for financing and managing highways: asset-based road corporations in China

The China International Engineering Consulting Corporation undertook, in 1997, the study of Viability of Asset Based Road Corporations in China as part of the World Bank's transport sector program review. The purpose was to investigate, in a case study format, road administration in China with two specific objectives: to compare (toll) road management in different provinces and to investigate the financial viability of China's toll roads.This paper shows that the three case projects studied, each having different management structures, are all financially viable given the present financing arrangements. However, should the projects be immediately subject to market interest rates and loan maturities prevailing in China today, their financial viability would be uncertain.In a broader context, the World Bank's lending program has enabled China to experiment with different kinds of toll road management structures. These models have both advantages and disadvantages and seem to fit that province's political economic environment in which they are employed. The toll roads and, especially, the impacts of the toll road management and financing arrangements on road administration present challenges to road administration rarely faced even in the developed countries. The challenges involve questions of the congruence of public good and private interest, as well as the role of planning and public accountability – all serious questions as China moves forward in development. These questions are raised in the context of the case studies.     

Pricing local emission exposure of road traffic: An agent-based approach

This paper proposes a new approach to iteratively calculate local air pollution exposure tolls in large-scale urban settings by taking the exposure times and locations of individuals into consideration. It explicitly avoids detailed air pollution concentration calculations and is therefore characterized by little data requirements, reasonable computation times for iterative calculations, and open-source compatibility. In a first step, the paper shows how to derive time-dependent vehicle-specific exposure tolls in an agent-based model. It closes the circle from the polluting entity, to the receiving entity, to damage costs, to tolls, and back to the behavioral change of the polluting entity. In a second step, the approach is applied to a large-scale real-world scenario of the Munich metropolitan area in Germany. Changes in emission levels, exposure costs, and user benefits are calculated. These figures are compared to a flat emission toll, and to a regulatory measure (a speed reduction in the inner city), respectively. The results indicate that the flat emission toll reduces overall emissions more significantly than the exposure toll, but its exposure cost reductions are rather small. For the exposure toll, overall emissions increase for freight traffic which implies a potential conflict between pricing schemes to optimize local emission exposure and others to abate climate change. Regarding the mitigation of exposure costs caused by urban travelers, the regulatory measure is found to be an effective strategy, but it implies losses in user benefits.     

Differentiated congestion pricing of urban transportation networks with vehicle-tracking technologies

This paper explores a new type of congestion pricing that differentiates users with respect to their travel characteristics or attributes, and charges them different amounts of toll accordingly. The scheme can reduce the financial burden of travelers or lead to more substantial reduction of congestion. Given that the scheme requires tracking vehicles, an incentive program is designed to mitigate travelers’ privacy concerns and entice them to voluntarily disclose their location information.     

Bayesian network-based formulation and analysis for toll road utilization supported by traffic information provision

Congestion pricing has been proposed and investigated as an effective means of optimizing traffic assignment, alleviating congestion, and enhancing traffic operation efficiencies. Meanwhile, advanced traffic information dissemination systems, such as Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS), have been developed and deployed to provide real-time, accurate, and complete network-wide traffic information to facilitate travelers’ trip plans and routing selections. Recent advances in ATIS technologies, especially telecommunication technology, allow dynamic, personalized, and multimodal traffic information to be disseminated and impact travelers’ choices of departure times, alternative routes, and travel modes in the context of congestion pricing. However, few studies were conducted to determine the impact of traffic information dissemination on toll road utilizations. In this study, the effects of the provisions of traffic information on toll road usage are investigated and analyzed based on a stated preference survey conducted in Texas. A Bayesian Network (BN)-based approach is developed to discover travelers’ opinions and preferences for toll road utilization supported by network-wide traffic information provisions. The probabilistic interdependencies among various attributes, including routing choice, departure time, traffic information dissemination mode, content, coverage, commuter demographic information, and travel patterns, are identified and their impacts on toll road usage are quantified. The results indicate that the BN model performs reasonably well in travelers’ preference classifications for toll road utilization and knowledge extraction. The BN Most Probable Explanation (MPE) measurement, probability inference and variable influence analysis results illustrate travelers using highway advisory radio and internet as their primary mode of receiving traffic information are more likely to comply with routing recommendations and use toll roads. Traffic information regarding congested roads, road hazard warnings, and accident locations is of great interest to travelers, who tend to acquire such information and use toll roads more frequently. Travel time formation for home-based trips can considerably enhance travelers’ preferences for toll road usage. Female travelers tend to seek traffic information and utilize toll roads more frequently. As expected, the information provided at both pre-trip and en-route stages can positively influence travelers’ preferences for toll road usage. The proposed methodology and research findings advance our previous study and provide insight into travelers’ behavioral tendencies concerning toll road utilization in support of traffic information dissemination.     

Optimal toll locations and toll levels in congestion pricing schemes: a case study of Stockholm

As congestion pricing has moved from theoretical ideas in the literature to real-world implementation, the need for decision support when designing pricing schemes has become evident. This paper deals with the problem of finding optimal toll levels and locations in a road traffic network and presents a case study of Stockholm. The optimisation problem of finding optimal toll levels, given a predetermined cordon, and the problem of finding both optimal toll locations and levels are presented, and previously developed heuristics are used for solving these problems. For the Stockholm case study, the possible welfare gains of optimising toll levels in the current cordon and optimising both toll locations and their corresponding toll levels are evaluated. It is shown that by tuning the toll levels in the current congestion pricing cordon used in Stockholm, the welfare gain can be increased significantly, and furthermore improved by allowing a toll on a major bypass highway. It is also shown that, by optimising both toll locations and levels, a congestion pricing scheme with welfare gain close to what can be achieved by marginal social cost pricing can be designed with tolls being located on only a quarter of the tollable links.     

重大节假日收费公路免费通行问题探析

重大节假日免收小型客车通行费这一新的规定实施以后,在社会上引起了极大反响.文章阐述了收费公路节假日免费通行的重大意义,同时分析了重大节假日收费公路实施免费通行所遇到的困难和问题,并提出了破解问题的思路与对策.     

Toll pricing framework under logit‐based stochastic user equilibrium constraints

This paper addresses the toll pricing framework for the first‐best pricing with logit‐based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) constraints. The first‐best pricing is usually known as marginal‐cost toll, which can be obtained by solving a traffic assignment problem based on the marginal cost functions. The marginal‐cost toll, however, has rarely been implemented in practice, because it requires every specific link on the network to be charged. Thus, it is necessary to search for a substitute of the marginal cost pricing scheme, which can reduce the toll locations but still minimize the total travel time. The toll pricing framework is the set of all the substitute toll patterns of the marginal cost pricing. Assuming the users' route choice behavior following the logit‐based SUE principle, this paper has first derived a mathematical expression for the toll pricing framework. Then, by proposing an origin‐based variational inequality model for the logit‐based SUE problem, another toll pricing framework is built, which avoids path enumeration/storage. Finally, the numerical test shows that many alternative pricing patterns can inherently reduce the charging locations and total toll collected, while achieving the same equilibrium link flow pattern. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.