柔性基层沥青路面轴载换算方法研究

文中结合重载交通实际状况和柔性基层沥青路面的普遍结构形式,考虑柔性基层沥青路面材料的非线性,采用粘弹性有限元法分析重载交通对柔性基层沥青路面路表弯沉的影响,提出了轴载换算指标,得到了柔性基层沥青路面的轴载换算公式。结果表明:柔性基层沥青路面对于重载交通的轴载敏感性小于半刚性基层路面,更能适应我国公路运输中超载超限问题突出的现状。     

沥青路面按弯沉等效轴载换算的研究

采用单轴双轮弯沉测试车 ,实测了不同轴载、轮压与路面强度下的弯沉 ,计算并分析了在不同轴重、轮压与路面强度下弯沉和按弯沉等效的轴载换算指数的变化规律。分析表明半刚性基层沥青路面轴载换算指数主要与路面结构强度、公路等级和轴重有关 ,轮压的影响并不明显 ;轴载换算采用轴重比比轮压比更准确、方便。根据实测数据推导了半刚性基层沥青路面按弯沉等效轴载换算公式 ,新公式反映了轴重、路面结构强度和公路等级对轴载换算的影响。     

沥青路面超重车轴载换算初步研究

通过轴重调查,获得重载车对路面的荷载状况,针对一般和两种特殊状况,通过理论计算获得重载车弯沉与轴重关系,由此推得超重轴载下的涸青路面理论轴载换算公式,再综合天津市实测弯沉分析结果,得最后推荐公式。     

轴载、轮胎内压与轴载换算的研究

通过不同路面强度状态、不同轴载和不同轮胎压力下轮胎与路面接触压力和弯沉的测定,对以弯沉为指标的轴载公式的理论推导过程进行分析和试验验证,对轴载换算公式推导过程中存在的问题进行讨论。试验验证结果表明,轴载的增加对路面结构造成的损坏比轮胎压力的增加要严重的多。     

半刚性基层沥青路面重载标准的论证

该文通过对天津市滨海新区几条有代表性的干线道路的路面结构及交通组成的调查,确定该区域代表车型及荷载分布范围,同时通过力学计算,明确路面结构对轴载变化最敏感的范围,最后讨论了轴载变化对轴次换算、弯沉等路面设计指标的影响,确定了天津市滨海新区重载交通标准轴载,并提出了一种标准轴载的论证思路。     

改扩建道路路面评估体系

通过对天津市滨海新区几条有代表性的干线道路的路面结构及交通组成的调查,确定该区域代表车型及荷载分布范围,同时通过力学计算,明确路面结构对轴载变化最敏感的范围,最后讨论了轴载变化对轴次换算、弯沉等路面设计指标的影响,确定了天津市滨海新区重载交通标准轴载,并提出了一种标准轴载的论证思路。     

基于路基顶面压应变的沥青路面轴载换算方法

对于沥青路面设计,选用了路基顶面压应变为设计时的控制指标。利用BISAR程序,计算了不同路面结构在不同轴重、不同胎压下路基顶面压应变。根据轴载换算等效原则,计算了基于路基顶面压应变的不同路面结构在不同轴重、不同胎压下轴载换算指数。结果表明,不同胎压、不同轴重及不同路面结构等情况对轴载换算指数的影响较小,各种情况下轴载换算系数的平均值为0.986;并结合路基顶面容许压应变计算得到基于路基顶面压应变的轴载换算系数为4.93。分析结果可为今后路面设计方法的轴载换算提供参考。     

重载沥青路面轴载换算方法

在重载道路路面设计时采用路表弯沉、半刚性基层层底弯拉应力及车辙多指标体系,分别建立了以弯沉、弯拉及车辙等效的轴载换算公式,为重载路面的设计提供了一种可靠的设计方法。     

重载沥青路面荷载图式研究

现场调查货车的轴重及胎压分布,发现两者之间存在一定的对应关系。改变轴重和胎压,用轮胎上涂油漆的方法测试了轮迹,发现轮迹由一个矩形加端部的两个小圆弧组成,轮胎接地压强和接地面积均随轴载的增加而增加,荷载中心距保持不变。结合轮迹测试以及轴重和胎压的现场调查,得到我国重载车辆轮迹各几何尺寸以及平均轮胎接地压强与轴重的对应关系。根据轴重与胎压的对应关系确定两者的合理组合,用压力传感器法测试了移动车辆的轮胎接地压力分布,发现在全轮迹范围内基本属于均匀分布。最后,根据测得的重载车辆轮迹及轮胎接地压力分布,得到了重载车辆荷载作用图式。     

不同路面结构的重载敏感性分析

我国主要的路面结构为半刚性基层沥青混路面、水泥混凝土路面及柔性基层沥青路面,不同的路面结构在荷载的作用下表现出不同的力学特性。本文通过非线性力学分析,探讨了路面结构在重载作用下的非线性特性,得出了考虑重载条件的沥青路面轴载换算方法。结合路面结构轴载状况的调查及新的轴载换算方法,分析了不同路面结构对重载的敏感性。     

Vehicle-Generated Road Damage: A Review

The literature concerned with road damage caused by heavy commercial vehicles is reviewed. The main types of vehicle-generated road damage are described and the methods that can be used to analyse them are presented. Attention is given to the principal features of the response of road surfaces to vehicle loads and mathematical models that have been developed to predict road response. Also discussed are those vehicle features which, to a first approximation, can be studied without consideration of the dynamics of the vehicle, including axle and tyre configurations, tyre contact conditions and static load sharing in axle group suspensions. The main emphasis of the paper is on the dynamic tyre forces generated by heavy vehicles: their principal characteristics, their simulation and measurement, the effects of suspension design on the forces and the methods that can be used to estimate their influence on road damage. Some critical research needs are identified.     

Rail Vehicles' Riding Quality and Comfort Related to Theoretical and Experimental Optimization Application to High Speed Trains

SUMMARY

The literature concerned with road damage caused by heavy commercial vehicles is reviewed. The main types of vehicle-generated road damage are described and the methods that can be used to analyse them are presented. Attention is given to the principal features of the response of road surfaces to vehicle loads and mathematical models that have been developed to predict road response. Also discussed are those vehicle features which, to a first approximation, can be studied without consideration of the dynamics of the vehicle, including axle and tyre configurations, tyre contact conditions and static load sharing in axle group suspensions. The main emphasis of the paper is on the dynamic tyre forces generated by heavy vehicles: their principal characteristics, their simulation and measurement, the effects of suspension design on the forces and the methods that can be used to estimate their influence on road damage. Some critical research needs are identified.     

动态荷载下半刚性沥青路面弯沉的影响因素

在ABAQUS中建立移动的周期荷载,模拟真实的车辆荷载,分析连续式弯沉检测中检测速度、轴载大小、检测温度对路表弯沉产生的影响。计算表明:车速由40 km·h^-1增加到120 km·h^-1时,车速对弯沉值的影响显著,弯沉值下降了15.22%,尤其是在低速行驶时更加明显;路表弯沉与轴载大小基本上按照线性比例增加;当温度较低时,路表弯沉随温度较为缓慢变化,接近线性变化;当温度较高时,路表弯沉随温度的变化加快。研究结果初步揭示了检测参数对路表弯沉的影响,为连续式弯沉检测设备的开发应用提供了依据。     

四跨一联预应力混凝土连续宽箱梁空间分析

结合上海市中环线虹梅路立交工程对主线四跨一联预应力混凝土连续宽箱梁进行空间分析,得到结构在荷载作用下的剪力滞效应分布规律、截面实际中性轴与平截面假定中性轴的比较、偏载下支座反力的分布规律、挑臂横向挠度、偏载下的偏载系数以及增设跨中横隔板与否对结构受力状态的影响等结论。     

Experimental analysis of tyre-enveloping characteristics at low speed

In this study, experiments are conducted to investigate tyre-enveloping characteristics. Four different types of tyres are tested. Parameters such as different tyre inflation pressures, vertical loads and types of obstacles (cleats) are considered. In addition to vertical stiffnesses of all tyres, vertical and horizontal force variations while traversing different obstacles at low speed are studied. The effects of inflation pressure and vertical load on variations of force and moment are investigated. Static test results showed that after a certain vertical displacement, all curves in force–deflection diagrams plotted with and without cleat intersect regardless of cleat and tyre types, depending on the inflation pressure of the tyre, which can be called typical static tyre-enveloping characteristics. Test results at low speed show that there is a considerable influence of the vertical load on vertical and lateral force responses of a tyre.