三自由度4WIS车辆系统建模及仿真

建立了三自由度四轮独立转向(4WIS)车辆系统模型,根据控制策略推导了独立四轮转角的函数表达式;Simulink仿真结果表明,4WIS车辆在零稳态质心侧偏角控制策略下,其低速机动性能和高速操纵稳定性能与比例控制的四轮转向车辆相比均有所提高.     

线控转向四轮独立驱动电动汽车建模与仿真研究

针对线控转向四轮独立驱动电动汽车建模问题,论文应用Car Sim与Matlab/Simulink联合仿真进行了整车模型的搭建与仿真分析。确定了线控转向系统中的动力学微分方程,基于Matlab/Simulink软件建立了线控转向系统模型,将Car Sim中的内燃机模型修改为四轮独立驱动电动汽车模型,并将线控转向系统模型嵌入到Car Sim中去,搭建了线控转向四轮独立驱动电动汽车整车模型。选取方向盘角阶跃工况对所建立的模型进行仿真验证。结果表明:线控转向四轮独立驱动电动汽车具有良好的响应特性。     

四轮独立转向-独立驱动电动车主动避障路径规划与跟踪控制

四轮独立转向-独立驱动电动车(4WIS-4WID EV)具有低速机动性强、高速稳定性好的特点,是一种理想的智能车构型。本文中针对4WIS-4WID EV进行了主动避障系统的设计,主要包括避障路径规划和跟踪控制。首先基于车辆运动学模型,提出了采用七次多项式的避障路径规划算法;然后基于简化2自由度车辆动力学模型,设计了模型预测路径跟踪控制器;为提高车辆主动避障过程中的操纵稳定性,路径跟踪控制算法采用四轮转向与直接横摆力矩控制技术。通过不同附着系数路面工况与侧风扰动工况仿真,验证了所设计的主动避障系统具有良好的避障能力和鲁棒性。     

四轮独立驱动电动车转向助力模糊控制方法研究

为了提高四轮独立驱动(4WID)电动车的转向轻便性,采用模糊控制方法对转向轮的力矩分配进行研究。通过对4WID电动车的转向和助力过程进行分析和标定,设计了以转向盘转角和转角变化率作为输入语言,左、右转向轮力矩差作为输出语言的前轮转向力矩分配模糊控制器,并利用双纽线实车试验对该方法进行验证。结果表明,车辆转向时转向轮力矩和滑动率得到有效控制,转向盘转矩减小,达到了助力转向的效果。     

四轮独立驱动电动汽车四轮转向控制与仿真研究

针对四轮独立驱动电动车四轮转向控制,论文研究了基于阿克曼转角的控制策略。给出了整车控制原理,设计了驱动力分配器和基于阿克曼转向原理的四轮转角分配器,应用Car Sim与Matlab/Simulink搭建了整车模型和编写了控制策略程序,选取双移线工况进行了仿真试验验证。试验结果表明:设计的四轮独立驱动电动车四轮转向控制策略能够保证汽车具有良好的操纵稳定性。     

4WIS-4WID车辆横摆稳定性AFS+ARS+DYC滑模控制

针对四轮独立转向-独立驱动(4WIS-4WID)车辆,应用滑模变结构控制理论,设计前、后轮主动转向(AFS+ARS)控制器、横摆角速度直接横摆力矩控制(DYC)控制器和质心侧偏角DYC控制器。为协调横摆角速度和质心侧偏角间的耦合设计了协调控制器,对附加横摆力矩实施车轮驱动/制动协同分配。引入2自由度4WIS-4WID车辆参考模型,并将其横摆角速度和质心侧偏角的状态反馈给AFS+ARS控制器,完成AFS+ARS和DYC控制系统的集成。加入不确定车辆自身参数和阵风干扰,将控制策略应用于16自由度4WIS-4WID车辆模型上进行仿真验证,并与单纯AFS+ARS、传统PID和差压制动的DYC进行对比。结果表明,所设计的控制策略同时提高了系统的抗干扰性和精确性;拓展了系统的稳定域,进一步提高了车辆的主动安全性。     

四轮独立驱动电动车的ABS控制方法

为实现四轮独立驱动电动车制动防抱系统(ABS)控制,提出了基于4台无刷直流轮毂电机的控制方案,通过对电机驱动理论及传统ABS系统进行分析,设计了基于单片机(PIC)和复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)的电动车控制器。采用四轮独立驱动方式,提出了开、闭环控制策略,给出了电动车参考车速和实际车速的计算方法,进行了纯电动ABS控制方法研究。对配有4台700W轮毂电机的电动样车进行仿真和实验的结果表明,电动车控制器设计合理,系统具有良好的动态性能;ABS系统控制策略正确,能够满足四轮独立驱动电动车的制动要求。     

轮边驱动电机对电动汽车振动影响的分析与优化

本文采用频域分析方法,通过振动响应量的频率响应特性和统计特性表示。以B级路面和轮边电机作为双激励源,基于1/4汽车2自由度系统建立轮边电机驱动电动汽车的振动模型,仿真分析轮边驱动电机对电动汽车振动性能的影响。结果表明,相比非簧载质量的变化,车速的变化对电动汽车的振动影响较大。基于此提出了一种由轮内主动减振的电机充当吸振器的新型轮毂电机结构并进行了优化。     

电动汽车多电机独立驱动技术研究综述

多电机独立驱动电动汽车是电动汽车发展中的重要方向之一,其多电机驱动系统的协调控制及可靠性问题是亟待解决的首要问题。针对由多台轮毂电机驱动及线控技术为特征的分布式四轮独立驱动(4WID)电动汽车,介绍了其驱动系统在电子差速、主动安全控制、多电机转矩协调、容错控制等方面的研究现状,指出了多电机独立驱动电动汽车研究尚存的问题,并探索了该领域今后的研究方向与趋势。     

A Study on the Performance Simulation and Control Scheme for In-wheel Motor Driven Vehicles

为多域车辆的陆地行驶,设计了轮边电机驱动系统,构建了基于轮边驱动系统的车辆模型,并对驱动控制方法进行了研究.在转向动力学理论分析基础上,在ADAMS中建立了多体动力学模型;提出了车辆驱动与转向的控制策略,在Matlab/Simulink环境建立了控制模型,运用联合仿真方法对车辆在直线加速、转向和制动等典型工况下的行驶性能进行仿真验证.结果表明车辆的主要性能符合预期目标,驱动控制策略有效.     

电动轮驱动电动汽车差速技术研究

提出了电动轮旋转动力学方程和对驱动电机采用转矩指令控制及车轮转速随动的方法,实现电动轮系统的自适应差速。进行了转向行驶、路面不平及不同车轮半径等工况的道路试验,试验结果表明:电动轮汽车在各种工况下都能保持良好的差速性能,具有自适应差速特性。     

基于卡尔曼滤波的4WD电动车辆寄生功率的测量技术

根据串励直流电动机工作特性,利用车辆行驶过程中较易测得的驱动电机工作电流及驱动轮转速,运用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件,建立基于卡尔曼滤波的驱动轮滑转率模型和寄生功率模型并进行仿真;通过道路试验对电动机工作电流和驱动轮转速的检测,实时预测驱动轮的滑转率与产生的寄生功率。结果表明,驱动轮滑转率和寄生功率的仿真结果与试验结果非常接近。     

Optimal power distribution of front and rear motors for minimizing energy consumption of 4-wheel-drive electric vehicles

In this paper, the optimal power distribution of the front and rear motors for minimizing energy consumption of a 4WD EV is investigated. An optimal power distribution control is developed based on the mathematical energy consumption model of an EV. The objective function is defined while ignoring time. And, the time effect is applied by considering the objective function for every single driving point which consists of the vehicle driving force and velocity. From the optimization problem, the optimal torque distribution maps of the front and rear motors can be obtained for all vehicle driving force and velocity ranges. These maps can be expressed using a 3-dimensional map. If the vehicle driving force and velocity are determined, the optimal front and rear motor torques can be determined using these maps. These maps can distribute the front and rear motor torques for the entire velocity range. Thus, these maps can perform the optimal power (torque times speed) distribution of the front and rear motors for minimizing the energy consumption of the 4WD EV. The performance of the optimal power distribution is evaluated by comparing the energy consumption to that of simple power distribution control. For obtaining the energy consumption, a vehicle driving simulation is performed. For the simulation, the driving cycle is required, and the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) is used. From the simulation results, it is found that the energy consumption of simple power distribution is 4.8 % larger than the optimal one. Thus, the optimal power distribution can minimize the 4WD EV energy consumption as the optimization objective function.     

Comparisons of vehicle stability controls based on 4WS,Brake, Brake-FAS and IMC techniques

This paper proposes three different kinds of vehicle stability control systems all based on internal model control (IMC) strategy which are 4WS (4 wheel steer: front- and rear-wheel active steer) IMC, Brake-FAS (brake and front-wheel active steer) IMC and Brake IMC, respectively. Inverse system method is introduced to solve the nonlinearity coupled with brake involved vehicle stability control systems. Based on an 11-DOF (degrees of freedom) Matlab/Simulink^® vehicle model testified by CarSim7^®, simulations combined with different driving manoeuvres and road surfaces are performed, and detailed comparisons and analyses are given based on simulation results.     

轮毂电机驱动车辆驱动力控制研究

轮毂电机驱动车辆各轮转矩精确可控且响应迅速的特点适用于越野工况，但越野路面起伏不一且附着条件多变，因此，开发基于越野工况辨识的车辆驱动力控制策略，对提升轮毂电机驱动车辆的纵向行驶稳定性具有重要意义。基于动力学模型分析路面附着与路面几何特征，确定可用于越野工况辨识的车辆特征参数集；针对车轮悬空垂向载荷估计失真现象，且由于地面垂向力的实际变化导致车辆垂向载荷分配比例的改变，修正了垂向载荷的计算；利用各特征参数的差异与越野工况的映射关系判定工况属性，采用模糊识别法界定4种地形工况；驱动力控制上层考虑工况与驾驶员影响因素，通过越野工况辨识结果决策驱动利用系数，作为前馈期望转矩调节权重；中层通过四轮垂向载荷得到转矩分配系数，设计驱动力分配算法；下层针对车辆在越野工况下出现车轮滑转与悬空状态，对车轮进行动态转矩补偿。仿真测试与实车验证表明，越野工况辨识结果与预期相符，驱动力控制策略综合优化了车辆稳定性和动力性。     

A novel fuzzy logic correctional algorithm for traction control systems on uneven low-friction road conditions

The traction control system (TCS) might prevent excessive skid of the driving wheels so as to enhance the driving performance and direction stability of the vehicle. But if driven on an uneven low-friction road, the vehicle body often vibrates severely due to the drastic fluctuations of driving wheels, and then the vehicle comfort might be reduced greatly. The vibrations could be hardly removed with traditional drive-slip control logic of the TCS. In this paper, a novel fuzzy logic controller has been brought forward, in which the vibration signals of the driving wheels are adopted as new controlled variables, and then the engine torque and the active brake pressure might be coordinately re-adjusted besides the basic logic of a traditional TCS. In the proposed controller, an adjustable engine torque and pressure compensation loop are adopted to constrain the drastic vehicle vibration. Thus, the wheel driving slips and the vibration degrees might be adjusted synchronously and effectively. The simulation results and the real vehicle tests validated that the proposed algorithm is effective and adaptable for a complicated uneven low-friction road.     

电动汽车驱动电机的演变与控制技术基础

汇总了10多年来不同国家电动汽车的厂家、所生产的车型、电动汽车的类型、电动汽车驱动电机的种类与控制方式;中国、日本等国家的电动汽车驱动电机多采用永磁同步电动机,从其控制方式出发,对电动汽车驱动电机的转矩控制等加以介绍;阐述永磁电动机控制系统的构成,以及矢量控制与弱磁控制。     

Force control for path following of a 4WS4WD vehicle by the integration of PSO and SMC

The aim of this paper is to present a novel control method for a four-wheel steer and four-wheel drive (4WS4WD) vehicle. The novelty is in the integration of sliding mode control (SMC) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) that is proposed to solve the control problem caused by the nonlinear, highly coupled and over-actuated characteristics of the four-wheel steer and four-wheel drive (4WS4WD) vehicle. The validity of the control method is evaluated by two criterions, namely path following performance assessed by the vehicle's position errors with respect to the reference path, and motion quality reflected by the smoothness of vehicle's velocities and accelerations. In vehicle modelling, a kinematic model and a dynamic model considering all slip forces are proposed for the controller design. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology and its robustness.     

超级电容在电动汽车上的应用探讨

电动汽车的设计是未来汽车工业改造和发展的必经过程,故确定动力性系统的指标与控制方法是需要研究的问题。介绍了作为电动汽车唯一能源的超级电容的特点、存在的问题以及研发情况。基于ADVISOR车辆仿真软件系统,进行了在典型的道路环境(驾驶工况)下的仿真研究。仿真结果表明:建立的各驱动系统的数学模型正确,该车的性能也基本与试验结果相吻合。     

电动汽车转矩定向分配差速器建模与动态仿真

本文中提出一种新型具备转矩定向分配功能差速器的集中式电驱动桥系统。该集中驱动系统可以在不改变总驱动转矩的条件下,类似分布式驱动方式实现驱动转矩在左右轮间的任意分配,从而产生改变车辆横摆动力学的直接横摆力偶矩。首先,分析了转矩定向分配差速器结构特点及其工作原理;其次,利用键合图理论建立了其动力学模型,并仿真分析了其动态响应特性;然后,设计了转矩响应控制系统以改善该差速器的动态性能;最后,嵌入整车模型进行了联合仿真。结果表明,装备该差速器的车辆可任意分配左右轮驱动转矩,并有效改善车辆操控特性。