大中型空压机进气滤清系统的改进

本文介绍了一个以旋风式滤清元件为核心的大中型空压机进气滤清系统的结构、性能及其应用实效。     

医用制氧机工作原理及其空压机系统故障维保策略

随着我国医疗科技的发展速度不断加快,用于临床的医疗设备技术也日趋成熟。在制氧领域,医用制氧机的应用范围逐步扩大,为了使医用制氧机能够始终处于稳定可靠的运行状态,需要充分分析制氧机系统的工作原理,针对制氧机中的空压机系统故障制定切实可行的维修方案。本文就以上背景,提出医用制氧机基本概念,分析医用制氧机空压机系统的工作原理;针对医用制氧机空压机中的故障以及供氧机系统故障提出维修对策,以期达到在临床中安全、高效、便捷地使用医用制氧机的最终目标。     

延长ZD／3.5—15／12型空压机活塞环使用寿命的方法

分析了ＺＤ／３．５－１５／１２型空压机活塞环磨损严重的情况，并提出了延长其使用寿命的几个改进措施，如更新空气滤清器或增加一道过滤器，提高设备冷却器的冷却效果，降低进入气缸的空气温度等。     

大沈天然气管道区域性阴极保护系统研究

文中以大沈天然气管道松岚分输清管站为例,简单介绍了区域性阴极保护系统概况,提出了系统在试运调试过程中出现的故障及问题,结合实际提出了故障原因及处理方法,并经过多次调试,确定了合理的运行参数,达到了阴极保护要求,同时对系统提出一些看法。     

往复式压缩机气阀密封面失效分析

气阀是压缩机中发生故障最频繁的部件,故障会直接导致机组排气压比失调、排温高等现象,很大程度上影响企业安全生产及设备的使用寿命.文中对压缩机气阀结构及其故障特征进行了简要阐述,并通过实例分析气阀的故障特征,结合HYSYS计算出工艺气压缩过程中的各组分相图,分析了压缩工艺中气带液的产生过程,总结概括了压缩机气阀密封面失效的...     

金属波纹补偿器标准及质量现状分析

金属波纹补偿器是重要的压力管道元件,在工业中应用广泛。文中简要介绍了金属波纹补偿器产品现状,介绍并比较了国内主要应用的金属波纹补偿器相关标准,对金属波纹补偿器容易出现的失稳变形、疲劳破坏、焊接缺陷、综合应力等问题进行了分析。文中介绍了金属波纹补偿器失效实例,并对失效原因进行了分析。     

合理使用电控发动机自诊断系统的故障代码

通过维修实例,阐述对于电控发动机的故障,汽车维修人员应根据两次调取的故障代码和路试结果作为故障诊断的重要依据,不可仅靠调出的故障代码来决定电控系统的故障所在,因为有些电控元件的故障信息不能通过电控参数反映给ECU.     

东风重型商用车DETC ABS/ASR检修

ABS/ASR的应用极大改善了汽车在制动时的方向稳定性和操控性。ABS/ASR系统的故障诊断包括读取故障码、在线测试、电源测试、线路测试、元件测试等,测试程序应根据具体故障按照一定的逻辑顺序合理安排,做到规范检测,只有这样才能快速、准确的排除故障。     

离心泵振动原因分析

振动是泵机组最常见的故障之一,是多重因素的叠加和多种原因的共同作用造成的。由驱动机、泵、流体及管路组成的管输系统是一个有机的整体,振源所处位置并不一定与振动原因存在必然的联系。文中分析了离心泵产生振动的原因,并将自激振动和环境振动进一步分解为机械原因、结构原因、水力学原因和流体力学原因,并详细阐述了4种振动生成原因的内在机理及表现形式。同时,还结合具体实例针对振动故障排查原因,并提出了解决措施。     

长距离天然气管道干空气干燥技术现状与展望

文中结合现场施工经验和文献调研,介绍了干空气干燥技术的理论研究及其现场应用概况,分析了干空气干燥管道的影响因素,总结了干燥机理模型及现场试验的研究进展.通过研究干空气吹扫干燥技术,分析了目前研究中存在的问题,并给出了使用时的相关建议,为后续研究和现场应用提供参考.     

103JAT合成气压缩机高压透平改造

103JAT合成气压缩机高压透平已运行30多年，蒸汽消耗量较大，装置运行成本高，仅更新改造蒸汽透平转子及相关的部件就能达到降低能耗的目的。103JAT合成气压缩机高压透平改造的同时，改善了合成气压缩机辅助透平103JBT的工作状况，103JBT的蒸汽消耗和故障率减少。103JAT改造减少了蒸汽的消耗量，由此给装置带来的经济效益是可观的。     

大型往复式压缩机的状态监测与诊断

大型往复式压缩机是石化装置的重要设备,由于结构复杂,易损部件多,运行中安全可靠性要求比较高。采用先进的往复式压缩机故障诊断方法,是保证压缩机长周期安全运行的关键。分析了往复压缩机的常见故障模式,介绍了往复式压缩机监测及故障诊断方法,根据某石化公司往复式压缩机运行现状,针对监测与诊断体系的建立提出了一些建议,并取得了很好的效果。     

循环气压缩机系统振动原因分析及消减措施

根据往复式压缩机系统运行的实际情况,通过定量计算,从理论上分析了压缩机系统产生振动的原因。通过采取针对性措施,包括对压缩机系统的工艺管线改造,增大循环气压缩机两列入口缓冲罐的直径、增加进气缓冲罐内附件、增加消振孔板、改造集气管和优化操作等措施,改善了机组及管系的振动状况,取得了较明显的减振效果,确保了机组的长期平稳运行。同时,随着振动降低,负荷提高,装置产量得到大幅提高,取得较显著的经济效益。     

Air traffic management: Optimization models and algorithms

Current air traffic control systems are mainly conceived to ensure the safety of flights by means of tactical interventions, because of the difficulty of accurately foreseeing the traffic evolution. In fact, in real traffic conditions, planes are often penalized since sometimes safety standards are redundant. Today, this management philosophy is no longer valid because of congestion phenomena which often occur in the most important terminal areas. Therefore, as to future control systems it is necessary to introduce not only more automated procedures to keep adequate safety levels, but also planning functions in order to increase the system capacity and to improve system efficiency. In recent years several studies have been carried out, new control concepts have been introduced and some optimization models and algorithms developed to improve air traffic management. In this paper a survey of our early works in this field is reported and a multilevel model of air traffic management is proposed and discussed. The functions corresponding to the on-line control, that is flow control, strategic control of flights and aircraft sequencing in a terminal area, are examined and the optimization models and solution algorithms are illustrated. Finally, relevant problems coped by recent research are mentioned and new trends are indicated.     

Using grey system theory to evaluate transportation effects on air quality trends in Japan

Japan’s Air Pollution Control Law signed in 1968 prescribes the maximum permissible limits of motor vehicle exhausts as well as establishing mechanisms for monitoring air pollution In this paper, the grey relational grade of air pollutants from ambient air pollution and roadside air pollution monitoring stations is used to look at the relationship between air pollution and transportation. The results indicated that the ambient and roadside air quality increased by rose from 1975 to 2004 but less fast than the growth in traffic. Some of this may be attributable to the legislation but there have also been other measures since 1968 that have also contributed.     

The evolution of urban traffic control: changing policy and technology

Abstract

The history of urban traffic control (UTC) throughout the past century has been a continued race to keep pace with ever more complex policy objectives and consistently increasing vehicle demand. Many benefits can be observed from an efficient UTC system, such as reduced congestion, increased economic efficiency and improved road safety and air quality.

There have been significant advances in vehicle detection and communication technologies which have enabled a series of step changes in the capabilities of UTC systems, from early (fixed time) signal plans to modern integrated systems. A variety of UTC systems have been implemented throughout the world, each with individual strengths and weaknesses; this paper seeks to compare the leading commercial systems (and some less well known systems) to highlight the key characteristics and differences before assessing whether the current UTC systems are capable of meeting modern transport policy obligations and desires.

This paper then moves on to consider current and future transport policy and the technological landscape in which UTC will need to operate over the coming decades, where technological advancements are expected to move UTC from an era of limited data availability to an era of data abundance.     

利用SPS模拟川气东送管道压气站失效问题

为研究压气站失效与单台机组失效对输气管道的影响程度,采用SPS软件对压气站失效和单台机组失效进行了详细模拟。模拟结果显示:压气站失效与单台机组失效相比对管输系统影响较大;对于压气站失效,越靠近末站的压气站失效对管输系统影响越大;对于单台机组失效,越靠近首站的压缩机失效对管输系统影响越大。分析结果可为事故状态下的供气和抢修提供参考。     

Modelling passengers,buses and stops in traffic microsimulation: review and extensions

In the last decade, significant research efforts and technology have been dedicated to the development of microsimulation tools for a better representation of traffic systems. As a result, several commercial packages appeared and they are used nowadays in the detailed modelling of different transportation systems and operations for specific project evaluations and local designs, mostly within the urban context. After reviewing the specialized literature, we realized that most of these microsimulation tools are oriented to the movement of cars, leaving the public transportation systems as a complement, just for a realistic representation of the transportation system as a whole, but always oriented to simulate cars. In this paper, the objective is to provide guidelines on how to incorporate the necessary entities and components for a proper simulation of public transport systems in a microsimulation environment. Thus, the different approaches to simulate transit systems at a microlevel are discussed, highlighting the necessity of including stops, passengers and transit vehicles explicitly as entities within the microsimulation environment, for modelling transfer operations, control strategies, etc. Several examples are then provided to quantify the impact of such representations, for different cases and potential simulation platforms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于BP神经网络的压气站风险评价方法

压气站作为输气管网系统中的重要组成部分,在使用过程中会受到环境因素、腐蚀因素、防腐系统等因素的影响,在一定程度上增大了压气站的风险水平.文中借鉴国内压气站风险评价技术的基本思想和处理方法,结合国内压气站设计、施工、运行、维护的实际条件,根据人工神经网络的原理和方法,建立了BP神经网络风险评价模型.利用某输气公司提供的2...     

长距离输气管道的最优输量研究

对已建成的长距离输气管道,可通过增设压气站的方法来增加管道的输量,随着压气站数的增加,管道的输量增大,管道的经济效益增加,但当输量增大到一定值时,管道的经济效益要降低,因此,长距离输气管道存在着一个使管道的经济效益最大的最优输量。以内部收益率为评价指标,分别计算各个方案的内部收益率,作出内部收益率与管道输量的关系曲线,内部收益率最大的方案所对应的输量就是长距离输气管道的最优输量。最后以一条输气管道为例进行了实例计算。