停车特征调查方法及问题数据处理研究

停车特征调查是进行停车设施评价、规划所开展的调查项目.介绍了停车特征调查方法和后期数据处理,并对其中的问题数据进行分析,从而给出了可行的问题数据处理方法.     

面向实践教学的交通量调查仪研究

基于交通工程专业学生实践教学现状,针对交通量调查实习环节,对便携式交通量调查仪进行了设计与开发,同时对调查数据的统计分析也进行了探讨。并根据交通量在交通工程领域的作用与意义,提出了拓展功能的方向,具体包括涵盖城市道路交通与公路交通、拓展时间延误调查、车速调查等。     

居民出行调查中的抽样技术研究

居民出行调查的数据是城市交通规划的基础,它的准确度直接影响着规划的质量。恰当的调查方法和抽样率对保证数据精度和节省费用至关重要。目前,我国绝大多数城市在进行居民出行调查时,根据国外经验来确定抽样率,理论依据不充分,无法估计调查数据的精度和预测数据的准确性。运用抽样技术理论,首先对居民出行调查中用的抽样方法和抽样率的计算做理论上的阐述,然后对常用的抽样率计算公式进行推导,并讨论其他相关问题,最后给出计算实例。     

北京公共交通通勤出行者满意度研究

公交出行满意度是一项乘客对公交直接反馈的重要信息指标,综合反映了一个城市的公交状况。本文在调查研究的基础上建立了北京通勤公交乘客满意度测评模型,根据建立的模型进行调查方案设计、安排调查,最后根据调查数据和所建模型进行测评分析,得出了现状通勤公交乘客的满意度情况,找出其最关心的问题和最需要解决的问题,并提出针对性建议。     

自行车骑行行为研究

从观察自行车骑行者在路段和路口的骑行行为出发,分别选择有机非隔离栏和无机非隔离栏的非机动车道,对路段和路口停车线分区域、对自行车分种类进行观测,并通过便携式摄像机进行实时拍摄,调查到大量的数据,在对调查数据进行统计分析的基础上,总结出自行车骑行者在路口、路段上的骑行行为效应和相关交通流特性。     

停车特征调查方法及问题数据处理研究

停车特征调查是进行停车设施评价、规划所开展的调查项目。介绍了停车特征调查方法和后期数据处理，并对其中的问题数据进行分析，从而给出了可行的问题数据处理方法。     

城市过境交通流量调查与预测方法研究

介绍了过境交通研究中通常采用的交通调查方法,并以记录车辆牌照法调查为重点,提出城市过境交通调查中调查地点和调查时段的选取原则。并通过对外交通小区的划分与数据库的建立,研究了一种城市出入口交通流特性分析的方法.并解决了过境交通初始OD矩阵、相应时间OD矩阵的建立方法,OD矩阵的扩充以及过境交通需求预测方法,最后以兰州市为实例对过境交通流量调查与预测方法进行了验证。     

赣州市道路网规划研究

在大量交通调查的基础上,通过分析了解赣州市道路交通现状,采用四阶段法进行赣州交通需求预测,并结合道路网现状和交通需求预测对赣州市的道路网进行规划。     

基于城市道路交通状况的行驶循环调查方法的研究

文章在对上海市的交通状况进行详尽的调查之后,按照道路分级的不同以及同一等级道路饱 和度的不同,对上海市的道路进行了分类;以道路的饱和度为标准,参考道路流量,选取上海市行驶循环调查试 验的试验路线,并对数据加权处理。     

混凝土箱梁钢筋保护层厚度问题研究

为了了解目前我国预应力混凝土连续箱梁的钢筋保护层厚度的实际情况,对结构的计算检验提供参考,以对预应力混凝土连续箱梁的调查为工程背景,采用现场调查方法对箱梁钢筋保护层厚度问题进行了研究。调查研究得到了混凝土箱梁桥钢筋保护层超标数量在箱梁横截面上的概率分布,并得出了不同施工方法对箱梁钢筋保护层厚度的影响。     

A traffic monitoring stream-based real-time vehicular offence detection approach

Traffic offences are becoming increasingly serious as traffic volume increases rapidly in large cities, causing serious property damage and threatening public safety. Existing traffic monitoring systems lack the capability of detecting various types of offences in real-time. This paper proposes a novel monitoring stream-based vehicular offence detection algorithm, which discovers various types of offences from high-throughput traffic monitoring stream in real-time. An offence detecting and monitoring system is also designed and implemented. In order to achieve real-time detection, parallel computing techniques are utilized. An optimized data structure, a one producer-multiple consumer model and a re-hash strategy are proposed to reduce the synchronization cost incurred by multiple threads in the parallel implementation. Both real-world data and synthetic data are applied in the experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to discover three types of offences from high-throughput traffic monitoring stream in real-time. Scalability is also observed. The experimental results indicate that the proposed system is sufficiently efficient to provide real-time offence detection for major metropolises.     

基于驾驶人心理的酒后驾车防治措施研究

在借鉴国内外先进的酒后驾车管理经验基础上,通过分析酒后驾车的心理原因,提出了基于驾驶员心理干预的酒后驾车防治措施,即以法律威慑、经济调节、道德约束为核心,通过影响驾驶员心理从而改变其行为的管理方法,旨在完善我国的酒后驾车管理,提高道路交通安全。     

Speed management strategies and drivers' attitudes in Thailand

In Thailand where speeding on highways and roads has been a key contributing factor in road traffic crashes, considerable efforts to control vehicle speeds have been made, mostly through speed limit enforcement. However, the fact that speed limits are very often violated on a large scale in Thailand suggests the need for implementing more effective speed management strategies such as automatic speed cameras, increasing speeding penalty, and smart vehicle design to control vehicle speeds. While the effectiveness of such measures depends mainly on how well they could lead drivers to change speeding behavior, public acceptability is also vital as a key to sustainability of most speed management programs. This paper attempts to identify public acceptability of speed management measures, both currently implemented and under consideration, in Thailand. In doing so, data from the questionnaire surveys based on a random sample of 2180 drivers in Thailand including a wide range of individual characteristics of respondents and their attitudes to select speed management schemes are analyzed using an econometric technique. In particular, we introduce a simplified methodological framework to develop a better understanding of factors that explain drivers' attitudes towards speeding behavior and alternative speed management strategies. Findings from this research provide several important implications that could improve the current practices of speed management in Thailand.     

西安市后轨道交通时代的自行车换乘规划研究

随着城市化、机动化进程的加快,各国城市通过建立轨道交通来缓解城市交通拥堵、环境污染、能源危机等问题,而如何提高城市轨道交通的换乘效率及换乘服务范围又成为后轨道交通时期城市交通面临的主要问题之一。以西安市轨道交通发展规划为背景,针对西安市后轨道交通时代的自行车换乘进行研究,并对西安市的自行车与轨道交通换乘站点进行了初步规划。着力实现西安市轨道交通与自行车交通的无缝衔接,以提高城市居民轨道交通出行的方便性和城市轨道交通的换乘效率。     

RFID技术在高速公路行车管理中的应用

RFID技术是采用射频通信的非接触式自动识别技术,可广泛应用到各个行业。利用RFID技术管理车辆行驶能获得高速公路区间行驶速度,可用来判断车辆是否超速行驶,从而大大降低车辆超速行为的方式几率,进一步提升高速公路的行车安全。     

Profile-speed data-based models to estimate operating speeds for urban residential streets with a 30 km/h speed limit

A speed limit of 30 kilometres per hour (km/h) has been widely introduced for urban residential streets to ensure traffic safety and allow these streets to fulfil other intended functions. However, excessive speeds on these roads are very common, causing traffic safety problems and threatening the liveability of neighbourhoods. An effective and active way to deal with speeding is the application of a performance-based design approach, as mentioned in previous research. In a performance-based design approach, street geometrics and roadside elements are selected based on their influence on the desired driving speeds. The relationship between driving speeds and street features therefore needs to be determined. Although several studies have developed operating speed models for urban streets, all of these models were calibrated based on data for streets with speed limits of more than 30 km/h. The present research is designed to investigate the influence of various roadway and roadside characteristics on operating speeds on urban tangent street sections with a 30 km/h speed limit using profile-speed data. A simultaneous equation regression with a three-stage-least-square (3SLS) estimator was used for the modelling effort. The driving speed models developed in this study incorporate several street design factors, which provide helpful information for urban planners and street designers to cope with speeding issues on residential streets.     

基于T-S模糊故障树和贝叶斯网络的重特大交通事故成因分析

重特大交通事故是最严重的交通事故类型, 为了识别此类事故的主要致因, 融合T-S模糊故障树和贝叶斯网络对其进行深入分析。建立了以重特大交通事故为顶事件, 人、车、路、环境4个因素为中间事件, 24个子因素为基本事件的T-S模糊故障树, 将其转化为贝叶斯网络, 进而双向推理基本事件的重要度和后验概率, 确定主要致因。结果表明: 融合T-S模糊故障树与贝叶斯网络的方法通过正、反向推理提高了重特大交通事故成因分析结果的准确性和可靠性, 确定了操作不当、超速、防护设施不完善、弯坡组合、路面湿滑、未按规定行驶为重特大交通事故的6个主要致因, 并对这6个主要致因之间的组合关系进一步分析, 得到了操作不当和超速对于重特大交通事故更为关键。      

Traffic safety culture of drivers in Canada: Implications for new traffic law implementation to enhance traffic safety

This study investigates Canada's traffic safety culture (TSC) as part of a global research project. The TSC survey data collected by an online survey is used to predict drivers' perception of changes in traffic problems in the past 3 years, driver's support, opposition towards enforcement of additional traffic laws, and drivers' perceived threat towards risky driving behaviors. A two-step procedure is followed to build models. The first step includes feature selection using the chi-square test of independence. The second step comprises building classification models using the Random Forest technique. Results suggest that drivers' personal attributes like the number of accident records, driving frequency, geographic region of nationality, and religion are top predictor variables for drivers' perception towards changes in traffic problems. In addition, compared to others most drivers perceive distracted driving as a major traffic problem today. There is strong disapproval of drivers against the following driving behaviors and strong support to implement laws against it: speeding in school zones, talking on a hand-held cell phone, tying text messages or e-mails, drowsy driving, driving without wearing their seatbelt, drive with passengers not wearing seatbelts, running through red lights, and impaired driving. In contrast, following risky driving behaviors is less of a perceived threat: speeding over limit on a freeway, on a residential street, and in an urban area and talking on a hands-free cell phone while driving. In addition, a driver's accident record is a significant indicator for a perceived threat towards risky driving behaviors followed by age and accumulated demerit points. The results from this study can be used to guide educational campaigns to transform the traffic safety culture of target groups and make more informed policy decisions.     

超速行为干预措施研究现状及发展趋势

为了提出能够有效遏制超速行为的干预措施，明确已有超速行为干预措施的实际效果、适用条件、优缺点及结合措施效果，对该领域内相关文献进行了系统性综述。根据系统性综述和元分析首选报告准则（PRISMA），将超速行为及其干预措施作为关键词，分别从11个电子数据库中搜索与超速抓拍系统、反超速宣传、超速警告标志和智能超速干预系统相关文献，通过构建文献质量评价指标体系对这些文献进行评估，筛选出101篇相关文献，并对其研究结果进行了叙述性地综合分析。研究结果表明：超速抓拍系统、反超速宣传、超速警告标志及智能超速干预系统具有不同程度的超速干预效果，且受一些道路交通环境条件及人为因素的影响。具体地，对于超速抓拍系统，区间式超速抓拍系统的干预效果最好，而移动式超速抓拍系统最差；对于反超速宣传，户外广告的超速干预效果最好，但印刷类广告作用不大；对于超速警告标志，超速张贴标志具有较显著的干预效果；警告型动态速度显示标志的超速干预效果优于标准型动态速度显示标志；对于智能超速干预系统，强制型智能超速干预系统的超速干预效果最佳，自愿型智能超速干预系统效果最差；对于结合措施，多数结合措施较单个措施的超速干预效果更好。总体而言，超速抓拍系统和智能超速干预系统的超速干预效果最好，超速警告标志次之，反超速宣传效果较差，结合措施可增强干预效果。上述结果可为超速行为干预措施的选择或提出奠定理论基础。针对已有超速干预措施的局限性及影响因素尚不明朗的问题，后续研究需优化试验或调查方案，进一步探究超速干预措施的效果及影响因素，并基于大数据（如车辆轨迹、视频数据）提出新的干预措施。     

山区高速公路隧道路段与开放路段的事故影响因素分析

高速公路隧道构造特殊且通行环境复杂,因而通常事故多发。为探究高速公路隧道路段与开放路段事故影响因素和严重程度致因机理的差异,采集沪昆高速邵怀段2011—2016年期间1 537起事故为研究样本;以事故发生路段为响应变量构建逻辑回归模型,解释各种风险因素对事故发生路段倾向性的影响差异;分别针对隧道路段与开放路段建立模型研究事故伤害严重程度的影响因素。建立二元Logit回归模型分析事故的发生倾向性和2类路段的事故严重程度的影响因素;采用随机参数Logit模型以反映异质性条件对参数的影响。统计表明:与疲劳驾驶、未保持安全距离相关的事故发生在隧道路段的概率更高,其事故发生概率分别是开放路段的2.373和2.482倍;与隧道路段事故严重程度正相关的因素包括下坡（坡度2%以上）、夏季和超速行驶,其中下坡（坡度2%以上）段的严重事故发生的概率为上坡（坡度2%以上）的3.397倍,夏季的严重事故发生概率为秋季的3.951倍,超速行驶相关的严重事故发生概率为其他不当驾驶行为的4.242倍;与开放路段事故严重程度正相关的因素包括超速行驶和疲劳驾驶,其中超速行驶相关的严重事故概率是其他不当驾驶行为的2.713倍,疲劳驾驶相关的严重事故概率是其他不当驾驶行为的4.802倍。研究表明,山区高速公路隧道路段与开放路段的事故发生概率及其严重程度的影响因素存在一定的差异性,研究结论可为山区高速公路差异管理方案制定提供依据。