辽河特石超稠油输油管线腐蚀预测与评价

以辽河油田埋地管道土壤腐蚀实测数据为例,同时引入灰关联分析原理及处理方法来描述土壤腐蚀因素对管道腐蚀的影响程度.通过计算各采样的关联度,可以知道管道的腐蚀轻重情况,沿途中的腐蚀情况为BB03＜Z001＜Y3＜Z010＜兴-转＜石材市场＜Z012.另外,又引用了侵蚀性指数法,通过计算侵蚀性指数来判断腐蚀液(除Z010外)的腐蚀倾向.结果表明腐蚀液有中等侵蚀性.     

KRC延迟焦化装置电脱盐换热器腐蚀分析

针对KRC延迟焦化装置电脱盐换热器严重腐蚀问题,通过对其工艺介质分析、腐蚀形貌分析、腐蚀产物X射线能谱分析,认为换热器壳程主要是因为新鲜水中含有泥沙等杂质,在换热器壳程形成软垢和细菌,造成垢下、垢外介质成分、含量、电化学电位差异,形成电化学腐蚀微电池,发生垢下腐蚀和细菌腐蚀,严重的造成管道穿孔;换热器管程则是因为注脱钙剂期间存在一定程度的脱钙剂酸性物质造成的均匀腐蚀.对此问题,提出了对应的防腐措施.     

玻璃钢保温复合管的保温层设计与制作安装

目前,用玻璃钢保温复合管长距离输送地热水在我国属首次。在保温层的设计、制作及安装方面会遇到一些问题,本文进行了一点探索,并提出了解决办法,供同行参考。     

油气管道内腐蚀检测技术的现状与发展趋势

综述了油气管道内腐蚀检测技术的发展现状,介绍了目前较为成熟、应用较为普遍的漏磁检测、超声波检测、涡流检测、射线检测、基于光学原理的无损检测5种内检测技术的原理,并分析了各种技术的优缺点.结合近年来在油气管道内腐蚀检测方面的一些经验,提出了目前管道内腐蚀检测技术存在的问题,并指出了管道内腐蚀检测技术的发展趋势.     

长输油气管道内腐蚀研究进展

针对长输油气管道的内腐蚀问题,总结了国内外油气管道内腐蚀研究现状、内腐蚀主要机理,并从输送介质、管材成分、输送工艺等方面对管道内腐蚀影响因素进行了分析。同时,结合国内外调研情况,介绍了长输油气管道内腐蚀控制标准和主要的防控技术,并对内腐蚀监测和直接评价技术进行了研究。在此基础上,介绍了开展管道内腐蚀研究的重要性及研究方向,为油气管道完整性研究和内腐蚀研究提供参考。     

波纹管膨胀节应力腐蚀裂纹倾向控制

文中着重分析了近年来京津地区供热管系波纹管膨胀节产生破坏的主要原因,即应力腐蚀裂纹.针对这种情况进行分析研究,从波纹膨胀节的结构设计、施工制造以及材质选用等方面来解决应力腐蚀问题,保证了供热管系的稳定运行.     

Microcor腐蚀监测技术及其应用

腐蚀监测可以在设备正常运行的情况下,测量各种工艺气液流状态的腐蚀性.为了全面认识油气管道腐蚀因素,制定防腐措施,介绍了Microcor腐蚀监测技术的工作原理、技术特点、监测步骤等.通过与挂片失重法、线性极化电阻法、电阻法等常用腐蚀监测技术的比较以及Microcor腐蚀监测现场应用实例,发现Microcor腐蚀监测具有灵敏度高、适用范围广、性能稳定、响应速度快、分辨率高等优点. Microcor腐蚀监测是腐蚀过程监测、腐蚀过程控制,特别是对缓蚀剂效应评价的理想测试技术.     

埋地管道的腐蚀与防护综述

将埋地管道的腐蚀分为内腐蚀和外腐蚀2类,综述了影响埋地管道内腐蚀及外腐蚀的因素,介绍了常用的埋地管道内腐蚀及外腐蚀检测技术,给出了埋地管道内腐蚀及外腐蚀的控制措施.     

埋地长输管道的防腐与防护

长输管道的防腐是保证管道安全运行的重要手段之一.管道防腐蚀技术已经有了很大的发展,出现了许多新的防腐蚀材料和技术,但管道的腐蚀问题仍未从根本上得到解决.文中从埋地钢质管道的腐蚀因素出发,论述了管道的防护技术,为今后的研究及发展提供了参考方向.     

炼厂易腐蚀管线高温测厚技术的研究及应用

针对石油加工过程中高温管线腐蚀严重、易引发火灾事故的问题,通过对其腐蚀原因的系统分析,根据其腐蚀特征,进行了此类腐蚀有效监控手段—不停车高温测厚技术的研究与分析。最后,通过实验测试,建立了高温测厚数据的数学转换模型、腐蚀速率计算方法和剩余寿命评估方式,并在炼油厂进行了实际应用,有效地预测了腐蚀隐患。     

高速公路改扩建工程水土保持监测与评价

开展水土流失监测是水土保持监管的重要手段。文章以广西沿海高速公路改扩建工程一期工程水土保持监测实践为例,分析了工程建设水土流失特点,介绍了水土保持监测技术和方法,并通过对工程实例监测结果的分析评价,提出了水土保持监测工作中易出现的问题及相应的解决方案。     

Logsums for utility-maximizers and regret-minimizers,and their relation with desirability and satisfaction

This paper studies to what extent the Logsum-measure of user benefits relates to travelers’ perceptions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. Knowing these relations is important since researchers have recently started to analyze and interpret user benefits in general – and Logsums in specific – in terms of these more behaviorally oriented notions, rather than in terms of expected utility. Participants to a stated route choice experiment were asked to indicate, after each choice made, to what extent they considered the choice set to be desirable, or to what extent they were satisfied with the chosen alternative. These measurements were correlated with Logsums that were computed for each choice situation. In addition, the paper derives a regret-based Logsum (which gives the expected regret of a choice situation) and presents a comparison with its utilitarian counterpart. Also for this regret-based Logsum, correlations with desirability- and satisfaction-ratings are computed. As a general finding, it appears that all computed correlations are rather weak. This suggests that, at least in the context of our data, the utility-based Logsum and its regret-based counterpart appear to have only a fairly weak connection with the behavioral notions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction.     

公路与水路运输节能减排量化分析和比较

通过研究汽车与船舶的油耗特点,结合燃油种类与CO_2排放量的关系,建立了计算公路运输与水路运输单位耗油量与单位CO_2排放量的数学模型。通过敏感性分析,研究车速或航速与载货率对车辆或船舶单位CO_2排放量的影响。以从厦门港到盐田港的干散货运输为例,做了节能减排计算分析,并将结果与用其他方法获得的结果对比。在此基础上,对公路运输与水路运输节能减排做了敏感性分析研究,可以计算出能够体现水路运输节能减排优势的临界货运量。结果表明本文中介绍的方法能够为核算、比较公路运输与水路运输的节能减排效果提供更科学的量化参考。     

Resilience and accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities

Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands.     

隧道及地下工程结构防排水技术的发展和应用

文章总结了大瑶山隧道修建以来其复合式衬砌结构防排水试验研究和应用情况,介绍了塑料防水隔离层的防水机理及各种防水型式的优缺点,提出了改进建议.     

互联互通,走向繁荣

设施联通是"一带一路"国际合作高峰论坛六个平行主题会议之一,以"互联互通、走向繁荣"为主题,各国共商共议交通、能源、通信等设施联通务实合作。随着未来全球范围内基础设施的升级换代和互联互通,交通、能源与通信技术融合发展,催生新的业态,是拉动经济增长的新动能。在新一代基础设施网络体系的建设中,后发国家面临跨越发展的难得机遇,中国基础设施发展的经验具有重要借鉴意义。     

Subjective well-being and travel: retrospect and prospect

Although the improvement of well-being is often an implicitly-assumed goal of many, if not most, public policies, the study of subjective well-being (SWB) and travel has so far been confined to a relatively small segment of the travel behavior community. Accordingly, one main purpose of this paper is to introduce a larger share of the community to some fundamental SWB-related concepts and their application in transportation research, with the goal of attracting others to this rewarding area of study. At the same time, however, I also hope to offer some useful reflections to those already working in this field. After discussing some basic issues of terminology and measurement of SWB, I present from the literature four conceptual models relating travel and subjective well-being. Following one of those models, I review five ways in which travel can influence well-being. I conclude by examining some challenges associated with assessing the impacts of travel on well-being, as well as challenges associated with applying what we learn to policy.

     

科技创新与公共自行车系统发展

城市公共自行车的发展已经历了三代,正向着第四代公共自行车系统发展。为探究科技创新在其发展过程中所起的作用,高新技术是否能够从根本上解决中国城市公共自行车损坏率过高的问题,以及高新技术在新一代公共自行车系统中的发展方向,笔者通过对城市公共自行车系统发展历程的回顾,发现科技创新在公共自行车系统发展过程中起到了积极的推动作用,但不能从根本上解决车辆被盗和损坏的问题。进一步分析了高新科技对公共自行车系统的利弊,指出需要因地制宜的发展项目,不应一味的追求高新技术在系统中的应用。最后展望第四代公共自行车发展,探索了与公共自行车系统相关的高新技术下一步的发展方向。