八桂大地遍开科技之花西部项目助力广西交通建设——西部大开发10周年广西交通科技工作纪实

为了贯彻落实国家实施西部大开发战略,加快促进西部地区交通基础设施建设,原交通部于2001年启动了“西部交通建设科技项目计划”（以下简称“西部项目”）,目的在于凝聚社会科技资源,攻克长期困扰西部地区交通建设的技术难题,打破制约西部交通发展的技术瓶颈,促进西部交通建设的又好又快发展。     

论西部大开发的可持续发展战略

从介绍我国西部的基本情况入手,总结了西部大开发取得的主要成绩,明确了西部大开发的现实意义,并针对目前西部大开发过程中存在的问题,提出了实现西部大开发可持续发展的途径和措施.     

制度化、规范化、信息化的科技管理之路 访原交通部西部交通建设科技项目管理中心主任刘家镇

2001年4月,西部交通建设科技项目领导小组办公室成立,编制了《西部科技项目管理暂行办法》和《招投标管理暂行办法》,西部交通建设科技项目管理中心同年12月成立。2002年5月,中心编制了西部开发十五交通科技规划。2003年3月,财政部和交通部联合下发了《西部交通建设科技经费管理暂行办法》。     

西部交通建设

西部项目总结与规划启动工作座谈会在北京召开西部交通建设科技项目计划即将进入第9个年头,为系统总结西部项目实施以来的各项工作,全面谋划西部科技项目计划发展前景,西部项目管理中心于2008年10月29日在北京召开了西部项目总结与规划启动工作座谈会。西部交通建设科技项目管     

西部交通科技项目成果十年回顾

伴随着西部大开发的发展进程,西部交通建设科技项目迎来第十个年头。在这十年里,西部项目为交通运输行业奉献了一大批重大关键技术成果,有力支撑了西部地区的交通发展,推动了行业创新体系的建设。本篇对十年来的西部交通科技项目建设成果进行了回顾,以进一步推广应用。     

中国西部物流发展战略研究

<正>开发西部,是21世纪中国经济发展的新热点,这无疑给西部物流乃至中国物流业的发展提供了新的契机。然而,西部物流业无论是基础设施、经营管理、理论研究还是经济现状等方面均还相对薄弱,难以支持物流业的大发展。因此,西部物流业的发展既有着历史性的新机遇,也面临着严峻的新挑战。21世纪中国西部物流发展战略研究,是目前摆在我们面前的迫切而重大的课题。 一、西部物流环境的现状分析 1.西部地区地理环境 西部地区地理环境有其特殊性。众所周知,青藏高原、云贵高原、四川盆地地处西部,其地     

我国西部地区综合交通发展的重点

改革开放以来,特别是国家实施西部大开发战略以来,西部地区交通运输有了快速发展,但由于多方面因素影响,西部地区交通运输仍然十分滞后,不能适应西部地区经济社会发展的要求。深入推进西部大开发,必须坚定不移继续加快交通基础设施建设,加快完善综合运输大通道,全面提升路网质量和装备技术水平,支持贫困地区和边远地区交通建设,积极推进国际运输通道建设。     

西部大开发:前10年成就巨大 后10年任重道远

2000年1月13日,中共中央、国务院印发《关于转发国家发展计划委员会〈关于实施西部大开发战略初步设想的汇报〉的通知》,即中发[2000]2号文件。这一文件阐明了西部大开发的重大意义、指导思想、重点任务、政策措施,成为指导西部大开发的纲领性文件。10年来,西部交通基础设施发生了翻天覆地的变化,西部交通发展迎来了黄金十年。2000年至2008年,西部地区公路水路交通建设累计完成投资13386亿元,是新中国成立到1999年50年完成投资总和的5.4倍,交通建设完成投资之巨,增长幅度之快,前所未有。西部大开发新的10年已经开启,党中央、国务院提出要把西部交通发展成为连通内外、覆盖城乡的综合交通运输网络的新目标。     

西部大开发：前10年成就巨大 后10年任重道远

2000年1月13日,中共中央、国务院印发《关于转发国家发展计划委员会〈关于实施西部大开发战略初步设想的汇报〉的通知》,即中发[2000]2号文件。这一文件阐明了西部大开发的重大意义、指导思想、重点任务、政策措施,成为指导西部大开发的纲领性文件。10年来,西部交通基础设施发生了翻天覆地的变化,西部交通发展迎来了黄金十年。2000年至2008年,西部地区公路水路交通建设累计完成投资13386亿元,是新中国成立到1999年50年完成投资总和的5.4倍,交通建设完成投资之巨,增长幅度之快,前所未有。西部大开发新的10年已经开启,党中央、国务院提出要把西部交通发展成为连通内外、覆盖城乡的综合交通运输网络的新目标。     

谋定而动 破浪而行——记“贯彻落实深入实施西部大开发战略工作会议”

十一五期间,西部交通运输事业发展达到了同比历史最高水平,但在全国交通行业的视野之下,仍然显得较为粗放。为总结西部开发十年经验,研究部署后十年西部地区交通运输发展工作。5月12日,交通运输部在宁夏银川召开贯彻落实深入实施西部大开发战略工作会议。西部地区将在加快结构调整和转变交通运输发展方式上苦练内功,立足区域发展特点,描绘新一轮交通运输发展的蓝图。     

Space,money, life-stage,and the allocation of time

Demographic, socioeconomic, seasonal, and scheduling factors affect the allocation of time to various activities. This paper examines those variables through exploration of the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, which has been inverted to track activity duration. Two key issues are considered. First, how much can activity duration and frequency explain travel duration? The analysis shows activity duration has positive and significant effects on travel duration, supporting recent arguments in favor of activity based models. Second, which recent trend is the main culprit in the rise in travel: suburbanization, rising personal incomes, or female labor force participation? This paper examines the share of time within a 24-hour budget allocated to several primary activities: home, work, shop, and other. The data suggest that income and location have modest effects on time allocation compared with the loss of discretionary time due to working.

     

Automation of paratransit reservation,routing, and scheduling

Santa Clara County, California experienced a sharp growth in demand‐responsive paratransit ridership for individuals with disabilities, as a result of the passage of the 1990 Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA). This paper describes an automated paratransit system for the ADA‐type paratransit operation implemented in Santa Clara County. It automated paratransit reservation, scheduling, and routing functions. The key components of this system were a digital geographic database (DGD) and an automated trip scheduling system (ATSS). Empirical evidence after one year of operation indicates numerous benefits of this automation. There were significant reductions in the paratransit operating costs and an increase in the percent shared rides. The savings in operating costs far exceeded the annualized capital cost of automation. A user survey indicates that these improvements were achieved without degradation to service quality such as vehicle on‐time performance, invehicle travel times, vehicle response to open return, and ride comfort.     

Integrated scheduling of m-truck,m-drone,and m-depot constrained by time-window,drop-pickup,and m-visit using constraint programming

The idea of deploying unmanned aerial vehicles, also known as drones, for final-mile delivery in logistics operations has vitalized this new research stream. One conceivable scenario of using a drone in conjunction with a traditional delivery truck to distribute parcels is discussed in earlier literature and termed the parallel drone scheduling traveling salesman problem (PDSTSP). This study extends the problem by considering two different types of drone tasks: drop and pickup. After a drone completes a drop, the drone can either fly back to depot to deliver the next parcels or fly directly to another customer for pickup. Integrated scheduling of multiple depots hosting a fleet of trucks and a fleet of drones is further studied to achieve an operational excellence. A vehicle that travels near the boundary of the coverage area might be more effective to serve customers that belong to the neighboring depot. This problem is uniquely modeled as an unrelated parallel machine scheduling with sequence dependent setup, precedence-relationship, and reentrant, which gives us a framework to effectively consider those operational challenges. A constraint programming approach is proposed and tested with problem instances of m-truck, m-drone, m-depot, and hundred-customer distributed across an 8-mile square region.     

Estimation of missing traffic counts using factor,genetic, neural,and regression techniques

Analyses from some of the highway agencies show that up to 50% permanent traffic counts (PTCs) have missing values. It will be difficult to eliminate such a significant portion of data from traffic analysis. Literature review indicates that the limited research uses factor or autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for predicting missing values. Factor-based models tend to be less accurate. ARIMA models only use the historical data. In this study, genetically designed neural network and regression models, factor models, and ARIMA models were developed. It was found that genetically designed regression models based on data from before and after the failure had the most accurate results. Average errors for refined models were lower than 1% and the 95th percentile errors were below 2% for counts with stable patterns. Even for counts with relatively unstable patterns, average errors were lower than 3% in most cases.     

Activity sequencing,location, and formation of individual non-mandatory tours: application to the activity-based models for Columbus,Cincinnati, and Cleveland,OH

Most of the earlier activity based models (ABMs) largely relied on a tour-based modeling paradigm which explicitly predicts tour frequency and then adds details including stop frequency, order, and location of stops within each tour. The current study is part of new tour formation design framework for an ABM in which the underlying tour structure and the stop frequency within tours emerge from temporal, sequencing, and locational preferences of activities that the traveler intends to participate during the day. In order to do this, the study developed a modified rank-ordered logit (ROL) framework that is capable of modeling sequence, locations, as well as the underlying tour structure of all activity episodes simultaneously in an integrated manner. Model estimation with the household survey data, provided several important behavioral insights into underlying choices that drive tour formation. Specifically, the study uncovered pairwise ordering preferences among episodes of different activity purposes, clustering tendencies among episodes of same activity purpose, the impact of supply side activity opportunities on the location and sequence choice dimensions, and impedance effects (including distance and mode and time-of-day logsums) on location and tour break dimensions. The developed models are incorporated in the operational ABM structure adopted for three major cities (Columbus, Cleveland, and Cincinnati) in Ohio.     

A game model of international trade,transport costs,invasive species,and protocol compliance

We study the duopolistic interaction between two monopolists located in two different countries who sell an imperfect substitute good in two markets. The traded good is transported between the two nations on ships using solid wood packing materials (SWPMs) and hence the presence of one or more invasive species is a problem. We use a game model to analyze this interaction in three steps. First, we study the benchmark case of autarky or no trade between the two nations. Second, we introduce transport costs and then study the effect of free trade on the profits of the two monopolists. Finally, we suppose that invasive species are present in the SWPMs. This fact requires compliance with an environmental protocol. We model this compliance by increasing the transport costs associated with trade and then demonstrate that a version of the so called Porter hypothesis holds. In other words, we show that compliance with a cost increasing environmental protocol can give rise to higher profits for the two monopolists under consideration.     

Model,process, technique,and the good thing

The paper unpacks the planning process into its component parts: model, process, technique, and goals—the “good thing”. The paper advances the concept that planning, policy-making, and organizational restructuring can be analyzed under the same framework. Each of the four components is described and reductionist examples are presented to clarify the intention and to illustrate the technique that the transport analyst teams employ in their work. The examples cover both successes and failures. They point toward the enormous scientific task ahead for planning to become meaningful and relevant to the problems of today. Finally, in the frame of the willingness to pay, the paper puts forward a case for an institutional framework for a financially autonomous road administration. Similarly organized, administered, and managed entities are relevant also for other transport modes.

理念节能组织节能技术节能——诠释江苏道路水路运输节能减排三绝招

江苏省运管机构按照交通部和交通厅有关节能减排工作的部署和要求,立足理念节能、组织节能、技术节能,制定了一系列促进节能减排的政策措施,扎实推进道路水路运输业节能减排工作向纵深发展,节能减排工作取得了积极进展.     

Perceived accessibility,mobility, and connectivity of public transportation systems

Although public transportation is considered effective at reducing the external cost of driving private vehicles, many urbanites do not use public transportation. This study develops measures employing accessibility, mobility, and seamless connectivity for an entire public transportation service chain as indicators for evaluating public transport services, prioritizes underperforming scenarios from the perspective of urban travelers, and derives various market segmentation strategies that consider different socio-demographic characteristics. A conceptual model is set up herein to assess these latent constructs that describe unobservable and immeasurable characteristics. As a Likert ordinal scale can generate misleading statistical inferences, the Rasch model is used to eliminate bias generated by an ordinal scale when measuring these three latent constructs separately. The Rasch model compares person parameters with item parameters, which are then subjected to logarithmic transformation along a logit scale so as to recognize specific difficulties of service scenarios that cannot be easily eliminated by certain urban travelers. The multidimensional Rasch model also measures the perceptions of urban travelers in terms of the interactions between accessibility, mobility, and seamless connectivity of this public transportation system. While comparing urban travelers of two large cities in Taiwan, Taipei and Kaohsiung, the empirical results demonstrate that perceived accessibility, mobility, and seamless connectivity differ based on travelers’ age, frequency of weekly sports activities, and environmental awareness. This paper also advances appropriate improvement strategies and provides policy suggestions for urban planners, public transportation service operation agencies, and policy makers when they seek to create user-friendly public transportation services. The proposed approach can be generalized in other cities by considering their local context uniqueness and further evaluating their public transport services.