红旗世纪星轿车CA7202E3的使用与维修

三、点火系统和电控系统维修 现在生产的轿车大多采用的是电子计算机控制系统,该系统主要用做控制发动机点火系统和工作系统,使发动机在最佳动力性能和最经济油耗的状态下工作.电控系统还用于控制防抱死制动系统(ABS)和随速动力转向系统(EPS)等.下面介绍红旗世纪星轿车的点火系统和电控系统主要部件的维修和更换.     

克诺尔全球最新技术与中国市场需求的结合

<正>全球领先的商用车制动系统及轨道和商用车辆子系统其他关键安全系统的领先供应商,克诺尔商用车系统携最新产品和技术亮相2019上海车展。克诺尔商用车系统旗下七大子系统——空气供给系统、车辆控制系统、轮端系统、传动系统部件、转向系统、挂车系统和售后服务系统均带来了最新的产品和系统解决方案。全方位展示克诺尔作为商用车制动与安全系统领先供应商的综合实力,以及面向未来驾驶技术的前瞻性产品组合。     

汽车点火系统电路故障的查找

1汽车点火系统的分类汽车点火系统按其组成和产生高压电的方式不同可分为传统点火系统、电子点火系统和发动机微机控制点火系统（也称计算机控制点火系统或ECU控制系统）3种类型。     

系统动力学在战役物资补给运输中的应用

系统动力学概述系统动力学是美国麻省理工学院J.W.Forrester教授提出来的研究系统动态行为的一种计算机仿真技术。系统动力学综合运用控制论、信息论和决策论等有关理论和方法,建立系统动力学模型,运用计算机进行仿真试验,将所获得的信息应用于分析和研究系统的结构和行为,为正确决策提供科学的依据。它是一种分析和研究社会经济系统的有效方法。系统动力学模型,既有描述系统各要素之间因果关系的结构模型(以此来认识和把握系统结构),又有专门形式表现的数学模型(据此进行仿真试验和计算),以掌握系统的未来动态行为。因此,系统动力学是一…     

农村公路系统协调发展研究

在对农村公路系统协调发展概念和内涵进行分析的基础上,结合农村公路特性及其与社会经济系统、资源环境系统的相互作用分析,构建了农村公路系统协调发展评价指标体系;以系统论为基础,探讨了农村公路系统内部和系统之间协调发展指数的分析模型、测算方法和评价标准。     

柴油机共轨式喷油系统的结构及发展动态

共轨式喷油系统分为中压共轨系统和高压共轨系统。中压共轨系统又分为共轨蓄压式系统和共液压式系统，二喷油压力的形成原理相同，只是所用的控制油和待喷燃油的压力源不同，高压共轨系统能够实现预喷射，后喷射，还可实现Δ型入靴型油规律，是柴油机燃油系统的主要发展方向。     

单砼系统搅拌船改造成双砼系统搅拌船

以某单位砼3号搅拌船改造工程为例,探讨单砼系统搅拌船改造成双砼系统搅拌船,论述了搅拌主机、骨料系统、粉料系统、液料系统、气路系统、电控系统、泵送系统和布料系统等的改造原则、思路和方法;经在青岛跨海大桥基桩砼施工中应用,证明改造是成功的。     

超长隧道视频和安全监控系统的应用与研究

通过对米溪梁超长隧道视频监控系统和安全监控系统的实际应用的介绍,说明了该系统应用于超长隧道施工过程控制和安全管理的效果和意义,指出了视频监控系统和安全监控系统是超长隧道施工项目管理创新的有力工具。     

从系统的角度分析中国汽车工业的发展

汽车工业系统是一个十分广泛而又综合的大产业系统，它由汽车工业开发和生产系统、汽车工业流通系统、汽车工业用户系统、汽车工业专业服务系统构成。这四个系统相互促进、相互依存、相互制约。在汽车工业这一整体系统中，汽车工业开发和生产系统是汽车工业系统的核心，汽车工业用户系统对汽车工业整体的发展起着决定性的作用。     

迭代式开发多Agent系统的研究

由于多Agent系统具有动态,分布式,开放性,不确定性和复杂性等特点,使得开发多Agent系统难度和风险很大,本文分析了多Agent系统的特点,提出采用迭代式开发方法开发多Agent系统来降低系统的开发风险提高系统开发效率,并分析讨论了增量式和演进式两种迭代模式在多Agent系统开发中的运用。     

电液主动悬架的自校正控制

运用衰减记忆递推最小二乘参数估计算法和广义加权最小方差自校正控制算法对主动悬架系统进行控制，并利用压力伺服阀控制的液压缸作为执行器。理论分析和仿真结果表明，所提出的控制系统是可行的，这种自适应自校正算法对系统中一些时变参数具有良好的适应性。     

基于单神经元的汽车方向自适应PID控制

针对汽车方向动力学控制存在的非线性和参数时变不确定性问题，提出了一种新的基于单神经元的汽车方向自适应PID控制算法。该算法利用了神经网络的自学习和自适应能力，实现了方向PID控制器的参数在线自整定，从而避免了传统的自适应PID控制必须在线辨识被控系统的参考模型参数而带来的计算工作量大的问题。仿真计算和场地试验验证表明该控制算法可有效地控制汽车按照预期给定的轨迹行驶，且保证了汽车方向闭环控制系统具有较强的适应性和鲁棒性。     

Semi-Active Control Laws - Optimal and Sub-Optimal

SUMMARY

This paper attempts to clarify the question of what the optimal semi-active suspension is that minimizes a deterministic quadratic performance index. The optimal control law is a time-varying solution that involves three related Riccati equations. The constant Riccati solution (the so-called “clipped optimal” solution) is not optimal, although its performance is generally quite close to that of the time-varying solution. As the time-varying solution cannot be practically implemented, several constant gain sub-optimal solutions are investigated. A new semi-active algorithm, called the “steepest gradient” algorithm, is developed and its performance is shown to be superior to that of the “clipped optimal” solution.     

基于遗传算法和LQG控制的汽车半主动悬架结构和控制参数的集成优化研究

传统半主动悬架的设计是先设计其结构参数后设计其控制器参数，这样易造成系统失去全局最优性能。针对这一问题，本文提出一种基于遗传算法和LQG控制的集成优化半主动悬架结构参数和控制参数的方法，通过理论分析和仿真结果表明此方法与传统优化方法相比，对改善汽车行驶平顺性和提高汽车行驶安全性具有较优的效果。     

Active Suspension Control to Improve Vehicle Ride and Handling

In practice most active vehicle suspension work can be traced to two sources, Lotus' modal control and Karnopp's skyhook damper. A model is developed which allows comparison of different active suspension control algorithms. The Lotus modal control algorithm is reviewed, and compared with Karnopp's skyhook damper. It is shown that a tight inner closed loop allows the Lotus algorithm to achieve the inertial damping described by Kamopp for a single comer or quarter car. It is suggested that to achieve simultaneously high inertial damping and good disturbance rejection an inner force loop is desirable. A vehicle control scheme is presented which combines the Lotus modal decomposition with Karnopp's skyhook damper, allowing nearly optimal ride and simultaneously permitting modification of vehicle handling properties.     

液压机械无级变速器速比自抗扰控制研究

本文中设计了一种单行星排液压机械无级变速器,并为提高其速比跟踪控制性能,提出一种带前馈的自抗扰控制算法,以实现速比的跟踪控制。首先建立系统数学模型,通过传动系统转速关系的理论分析,得到前馈控制量,进一步采用自抗扰控制器对速比进行闭环控制。接着建立系统仿真平台和原型样车,通过仿真和试验对设计的带前馈自抗扰速比控制器进行验证。结果表明:提出的自抗扰速比控制法能有效实现速比的跟踪控制,与经典PID控制相比,具有速比偏差小、响应速度快、适应性好和抗干扰能力强的优点。     

Identification of nonlinear systems using modified particle swarm optimisation: a hydraulic suspension system

This paper presents a novel modified particle swarm optimisation (MPSO) algorithm to identify nonlinear systems. The case of study is a hydraulic suspension system with a complicated nonlinear model. One of the main goals of system identification is to design a model-based controller such as a nonlinear controller using the feedback linearisation. Once the model is identified, the found parameters may be used to design or tune the controller. We introduce a novel mutation mechanism to enhance the global search ability and increase the convergence speed. The MPSO is used to find the optimum values of parameters by minimising the fitness function. The performance of MPSO is compared with genetic algorithm and alternative particle swarm optimisation algorithms in parameter identification. The presented comparisons confirm the superiority of MPSO algorithm in terms of the convergence speed and the accuracy without the premature convergence problem. Furthermore, MPSO is improved to detect any changes of system parameters, which can be used for designing an adaptive controller. Simulation results show the success of the proposed algorithm in tracking time-varying parameters.     

A semi-active suspension control algorithm for vehicle comprehensive vertical dynamics performance

Comprehensive performance of the vehicle, including ride qualities and road-holding, is essentially of great value in practice. Many up-to-date semi-active control algorithms improve vehicle dynamics performance effectively. However, it is hard to improve comprehensive performance for the conflict between ride qualities and road-holding around the second-order resonance. Hence, a new control algorithm is proposed to achieve a good trade-off between ride qualities and road-holding. In this paper, the properties of the invariant points are analysed, which gives an insight into the performance conflicting around the second-order resonance. Based on it, a new control algorithm is proposed. The algorithm employs a novel frequency selector to balance suspension ride and handling performance by adopting a medium damping around the second-order resonance. The results of this study show that the proposed control algorithm could improve the performance of ride qualities and suspension working space up to 18.3% and 8.2%, respectively, with little loss of road-holding compared to the passive suspension. Consequently, the comprehensive performance can be improved by 6.6%. Hence, the proposed algorithm is of great potential to be implemented in practice.     

基于电子真空助力器的汽车驾驶辅助系统制动压力控制

针对电子真空助力器实现制动压力主动调节功能时存在参数时变的问题,基于一种参考模型自适应控制理论对其控制算法进行设计,并应用李亚普诺夫理论证明了该控制系统的稳定性.同时,设置制动压力变化率阈值作为紧急制动辅助(EBA)功能的启动条件以降低系统成本.试验结果表明,所设计的压力调节功能控制算法可有效地减小系统参数时变造成的干...     

Adaptive impedance control of a hydraulic suspension system using particle swarm optimisation

This paper presents a novel active control approach for a hydraulic suspension system subject to road disturbances. A novel impedance model is used as a model reference in a particular robust adaptive control which is applied for the first time to the hydraulic suspension system. A scheme is introduced for selecting the impedance parameters. The impedance model prescribes a desired behaviour of the active suspension system in a wide range of different road conditions. Moreover, performance of the control system is improved by applying a particle swarm optimisation algorithm for optimising control design parameters. Design of the control system consists of two interior loops. The inner loop is a force control of the hydraulic actuator, while the outer loop is a robust model reference adaptive control (MRAC). This type of MRAC has been applied for uncertain linear systems. As another novelty, despite nonlinearity of the hydraulic actuator, the suspension system and the force loop together are presented as an uncertain linear system to the MRAC. The proposed control method is simulated on a quarter-car model. Simulation results show effectiveness of the method.