浅析自动驾驶分类及发展前景

文章结合《汽车驾驶自动化分级》标准,简述了标准分级的定义,并根据实际应用,与具体功能、配置对应起来,论述自动驾驶分类及发展前景。     

酒后驾驶行为对驾驶安全性影响研究

酒后驾驶是造成机动车道路伤害的危险因素,对道路交通安全的影响非常严重。本文通过一系列适宜性检测试验,比较饮酒前与饮酒后以及随饮酒量的逐步变化酒精对受试者驾驶能力的影响。研究发现,饮酒后受试者心理活动受到影响,反应变差,感知变差,手和脚的动作变迟缓,处置判断错误率上升,并随着饮酒量的逐渐增加,驾驶技能逐渐恶化。     

车辆AMT中道路条件及驾驶意图的模糊识别

本文论述了车辆AMT中道路条件及驾驶意图模糊识别的必要性，提出了道路条件及驾驶意图的模糊识别方法，最后给出了在AMT挡位决策中的应用实例。     

工作记忆对驾驶行为影响的进展综述

从工作记忆的测量范式、研究方法入手,总结工作记忆对驾驶行为的影响。梳理了国内外工作记忆与驾驶行为关系的研究现状。结果表明,与工作记忆容量低的驾驶员相比,工作记忆容量高的驾驶员,在一定的认知任务下,驾驶稳定性更好。此外,文章预估了工作记忆在驾驶行为领域今后的发展趋势,总结了现有研究的不足,从工作记忆量化及工作记忆训练的角度上为驾驶行为研究领域的发展提供了思路。     

Development of a driving cycle for the measurement of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of automobiles in Bangkok during peak periods

The exhaust emissions and fuel consumption rates of newly registered automobiles in Thailand are currently assessed using the standard driving cycle of the Economic Commission of Europe (ECE). Because of the highly different driving conditions, the assessment results may not reflect realistic amounts of emissions and fuel consumption for vehicles in Bangkok traffic, which is well known for its congestion. The objective of this study is therefore to develop a new driving cycle for vehicles traveling on Bangkok’s main roads during peak traffic hours. This paper first presents the development of a method for selecting representative road routes with traffic conditions that are representative of traffic in Bangkok for conducting real-world driving speed data collection. These real-world data are obtained by driving a car equipped with a speed-time data logger along those selected road routes. Several driving characteristics, including various profiles of microtrips, are analyzed from the collected speed-time data, and a number of target driving parameters are then defined for use as a set of criteria to justify the best driving cycle. A procedure for generating driving cycles from the analyzed real-driving data is also developed, and the method to select the cycle that is most representative of Bangkok traffic is described. Comparisons found in the study show that the target driving parameters of the newly developed driving cycle are much closer to those obtained from the real-world measured data than those calculated from the presently used European drive cycle. This would imply that the obtained driving cycle will produce more realistic results of the emissions and fuel consumption assessment tests for vehicles traveling in Bangkok. The methods developed in this study for route selection and driving cycle construction can easily be adopted by other big cities to develop their own vehicle driving cycles. Furthermore, although the developed methods are for passenger cars, similar approaches can be applied to develop driving cycles for other types of vehicle, such as city buses and pick-up trucks.     

Self- and peer-assessments of ambulance drivers' driving performance

The aim of the present study was to develop and examine the quality of the Ambulance Driver Self-assessment Questionnaire (ADSQ) and the Ambulance Driver Peer-assessment Questionnaire (ADPQ) measuring aspects of, driving performance, driving style and driving competence. In addition the ADSQ measures self-reflection and safety-attitudes. The aim of the study was also to examine ambulance drivers' self- and peer-assessments as well as to examine the accuracy of self-assessments by comparing self-assessed and peer-assessed driving performance, driving style and competence. 76 ambulance drivers employed at two ambulance stations in northern Sweden completed ADSQ and ADPQ. Item analyses were conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the items, and based on the results some revisions were made to improve the questionnaires. The revised questionnaires were functioning rather well, although some subscale demonstrated low internal consistency. Subscale inter-correlations provided support for construct validity. Self- and peer-assessments indicated safe driving performance and good driver competence, which is positive from a traffic safety perspective. A comparison of mean self- and peer-assessment ratings, controlling for age, gender and driving experience showed no significant differences, except for the subscale overtaking. This indicates that ambulance drivers' self-assessments are realistic in most areas.     

天津市道路汽车行驶工况的研究

本文研究了天津市的道路行驶工况，将一套车载实测系统安装在一辆华利牌微型面包车上研究天津,市不同道路的行驶状况。用速度、加速度等行驶特征参数为准则数，对天津市各种道路行驶状况作了详细的描述和分析，得出了一个基于实际汽车速度、加速度等准则数的行驶工况，并做了这个行驶工况和欧洲的ECE15、美国的FTP75和日本的10－15工况的对比。结果表明，天津市有它自己的道路行驶特征：市区平均速度低，怠速时间长，加减速频繁，平均加减速度小。     

某suv车型行驶跑偏问题的优化分析

行驶跑偏是指车辆在行驶过程中偏离了原来直线驾驶的状态,不仅会影响车辆的操纵稳定性和转向性能,更可能会危及乘客的人身安全。某SUV车型从设计到生产导入阶段,进行小批量投产时,出现大量车辆向左行驶跑偏现象,合格率约为60%。经过鱼骨图排查法的人、机、料、法、环等几个方面分析,列举出15种可能造成车辆行驶跑偏的因素。经过逐一排查,发现该SUV车型存在前副车架的控制臂安装支架尺寸超差,白车身的前、后副车架安装点尺寸控制不合理,前后悬模块装配一致性差及测试道路不规范等主要问题,以上四种问题造成的偏差趋势与实际该SUV车辆向左行驶跑偏现象相符,因此需要对以上问题进行优化及改进。文章是在这个背景下,针对该SUV车型的向左行驶跑偏现象,通过对问题零部件进行交叉试验,三坐标尺寸测量以及生产线生产过程一致性的逐一排查,逐一分析了四种问题发生的根本原因,并由此提出了优化改进方案,通过对比方案实施前后的实测数据,验证优化改进方案是否可行。优化后实测行驶跑偏量,符合企业行驶跑偏判定标准,行驶跑偏现象消失并保证了该SUV车型的正式量产时间。     

Comparing the self-assessed and examiner-assessed driving skills of Japanese driving school students

Previous research about subjective driving skills has revealed that drivers, especially younger males, tend to rate their driving skills more highly than those of the average driver. This study examines the accuracy of Japanese novice drivers' self-evaluation of their driving skills by comparing their self-assessments with assessments made by a driving examiner. We also examined the effects of gender and age on the accuracy of driver self-evaluation of their skills.     

EQ2110G汽车新疆塔里木沙漠地区的通过性研究

本文根据新疆塔克拉玛甘沙漠地区的特点，分析研究了沙漠地区汽车行驶的特殊要求及结构特性。根据沙漠地区汽车通过性理论研究了ＥＱ２１０Ｇ的沙漠地区牵引通过性，并与ＢＥＮＺ１７００汽车作了对比试验。给出了两种类型汽车在塔克拉玛甘沙漠地区的试验结果。     

用于车辆控制分析的驾驶模拟装置

本文介绍了用于人/车系统控制分析的驾驶模拟装置。该装置的特点:(1)可模拟横摆、侧倾和纵倾三自由度运动,横摆运动可达360°;(2)采用了水平视角达135°的宽大屏幕显示模拟道路与环境的图象;(3)转向盘有操作手感;(4)可模拟车辆的滑移运动。     

不同采样间隔对车辆行驶工况测定影响的研究

不同的时间和距离采样间隔条件下工况测定精度会不同。作者分别研究几种不同采样间隔下一些行驶工况参数,并推荐了采样间隔。     

发动机冷却风扇温控液力驱动系统

本文介绍了发动机冷却风扇温控系统，这种新型的控制系统具有自动测量，微机控制，液压驱动，无级变速等特点，可以使发动机在最佳温度下工作，文中详细介绍了系统构成，测控元件选择及软件设计。     

Which factors lead to driving errors? A structural equation model analysis through a driving simulator experiment

As driving error is a main contributory factor of road accidents, its causes and consequences are of great interest in the road safety decision making process. This paper investigates several factors (including driver distraction, driver characteristics and road environment) that affect overall driving error behaviour and estimates a new unobserved variable which underlines driving errors. This estimation is performed with data obtained from a driving simulation experiment in which 95 participants covering all ages were asked to drive under different types of distraction (no distraction, conversation with passenger, cell phone use) in rural and urban road environment, as well as in both low and high traffic conditions. Driving error was then modeled as a latent variable based on several individual driving simulator parameters. Subsequently, the impact of several risk factors such as distraction, driver characteristics as well as road environment on driving error were estimated directly. The results of this complex model reveal that the impact of driver characteristics and area type are the only statistically significant factors affecting the probability of driving errors. Interestingly, neither conversing with a passenger nor talking on the cell phone have a statistically significant impact on driving error behaviour which highlights the importance of the present analysis and more specifically the development of a measure that represents overall driving error behaviour instead of individual driving errors variables.     

电动汽车复合驱动系统

电动汽车的复合驱动系统包括内燃机驱动和电力驱动，它综合了这两种驱动方式的优点。介绍了电动汽车的各种复合驱动结构，分析讨论了这些结构的优缺点，阐述了选择串联还是并联复合驱动结构时应考虑了主要问题，并给了一个单轴复合驱动结构的实例。     

汽车驱动防滑控制系统

汽车驱动防滑控制系统是国际上８０年代中期开始发展的新型实用汽车安全技术。介绍汽车区动防滑控制系统的发展历程，控制方式，工作原理，典型结构和工作过程，并仿真分析它对改善汽车牵引性，操纵性和稳定性作用。     

基于驾驶循环的纯电动轿车动力系统设计

由于续驶里程的限制,目前为止,纯电动汽车比较适合在城市内短距离使用,同时需要对城市行驶有较强的适应性。文章基于对美国城市驾驶循环工况的分析,提出了纯电动汽车关键零部件的选型方法及要求,并根据该方法以及整车参数,对电驱动系统的峰值工作特性、能源存储系统的容量以及充放电特性等参数进行了合理的选择。最后对整车关键部件的选型结果进行了仿真验证。结果表明,所选择的方法满足设计要求,该方法可以作为城市行驶纯电动汽车动力系统选型的一种参考方法。     

制动—驱动工况下的轮胎侧偏特性理论研究

本文通过考虑制动和驱动工况下的轮胎印迹内垂直载荷分布的不同，建立了比以往模型更完善的制动－驱动工况下的轮胎侧偏特性理论模型，以６．５０Ｒ１６轮胎为例，分析了滑移率，侧偏角和垂直载荷分布形状参数等对其侧特性的影响。     

汽车驱动桥的疲劳检测分析

通过对汽车驱动桥的疲劳寿命基本原理的分析，提出了基于高程块和惯性飞轮的疲劳寿命试验方法，并对该方法的实现进行了探索，开发了HCQ3．0试验系统。