汽车ACC跟随控制策略研究

提出了ACC车辆与前车之间的速度一位移关系以及分别以车距控制和相对车速控制为目标的2种LQR模型，并根据两车的速度一位移关系的不同实现2种模型之间的转换，以生成符合驾驶员操作行为的ACC车辆控制目标，建立了实现控制目标的车速控制模型。仿真计算表明控制策略满足乘坐舒适性和保持安全车距的要求。     

引入驾驶风格系数的跟车控制优化策略

目前已有的汽车自适应巡航控制（ACC）系统主要从汽车安全性角度发挥作用,而汽车驾驶者的主观感受往往被忽略,导致 ACC 系统接受度、使用率均未能达到理想水平。事实上,汽车驾驶者不仅要求 ACC 系统能够保障行车安全,而且也需要体现出个性化需求。为增强 ACC 系统的适用性,在确保车辆巡航安全的基础上,引入一种融合驾驶风格系数的自适应控制策略,并基于 Matlab/Simulink 和 CarSim 软件建立仿真平台,对典型车辆巡航场景（正常跟随前车）进行仿真验证。结果表明,引入驾驶风格系数的 ACC 系统可以更好地迎合汽车驾驶者的心理诉求。研究结果可为 ACC 系统的个性化发展提供技术参考。     

博世联合沃达丰和华为共同推动智能网联汽车发展

正博世联合华为、沃达丰,成为首批对此性能技术进行路测的企业。Celluar-V2X这一技术应用于实时警报系统,当车辆在高速公路上变换车道或是在前车紧急刹车的情况下向驾驶员发出警报。ACC不仅可以在有潜在危险时提醒警告司机,还能自动提速和刹车。ACC能够让车辆在驾驶员设定的速度下行驶,并且借     

丰田凯美瑞轿车自适应巡航控制系统解析

汽车自适应巡航控制（AdaptiveCruiseControl，简称ACC）是从传统巡航控制发展而来的，当车辆通过雷达探测到前方没有汽车或其他障碍物时，执行传统巡航控制，按驾驶员设定的速度行驶；当雷达探测到前方有汽车切入或减速行驶时，启动ACC控制系统，根据驾驶员设定的车间距，通过控制车辆的节气门和制动器来控制速度和加速度，以实现设定的目标车头距，从而进行自适应巡航控制。     

雷达眼

你见过会自动加速和刹车的汽车吗?现在的巡航系统通过雷达进一步构成了主动车距控制系统“ACC”。这样，车辆就可与前车自动保持安全的车距。     

谈汽车追尾的起因和防范

１ 引言 随着我国现代化的建设和发展，四通八达的高速公路已遍布全国，随之而来的汽车追尾事故也在日趋增多，这给人民的生命和财产造成了许多不应有的损失。 针对汽车追尾，我们应该积极采取措施，积极做好预防工作，主动防止追尾的发生，尽量设法减少损失。应建立适合中国国情的、具有中国特色的交通法规。２ 追尾的原因 众所周知，造成汽车追尾的直接原因是后车制动不及时，撞上了前车；而间接原因是前车的制动没能及时被后车驾驶员发现，当后车驾驶员稍后再发现时，为时已晚。然而，造成这一状况的根本原因（驾驶员开小差、打瞌睡以及…     

基于改进跟驰模型的混合车辆编队研究

现有的车辆编队控制研究多基于全智能网联环境，不适用于智能网联汽车(Connected and Automated Vehicle, CAV)与人工驾驶汽车(Human-Driven Vehicles, HDV)组成的混合交通场景，因此以混合交通环境下CAV和HDV组成的车辆编队为研究对象，引入头车及前车、后方HDV信息，提出一种改进的智能驾驶员模型(Intelligent Driver Model, IDM)。为更贴合驾驶员的操作行为，缓解优化速度模型(Optimal Velocity Model, OVM)受前车影响产生的速度波动，通过引入驾驶员误差，对OVM模型进行改进。为验证模型的有效性，分别对以上改进进行仿真对比分析，结果表明改进后的IDM模型和OVM模型组成的混合车辆编队在速度响应时间、跟驰间距、油耗、安全性、稳定性等性能方面得到明显改善。     

基于驾驶员行为模拟的ACC控制算法

基于驾驶员最优预瞄加速度模型建立了一种适用于多种典型行驶工况的ACC控制算法。该算法采用基于多目标模糊决策方法的驾驶安全性、工效性、轻便性与合法性评价指标以及基于预瞄跟随理论的微分校正函数，描述了ACC控制系统对自由工况、跟随工况和切入工况等不同行驶条件及汽车动力学系统强非线性特性的考虑。     

基于主客观评价的乘用车自适应巡航系统研究

自适应巡航控制系统(ACC)测试一般通过汽车动力学性能反映ACC的性能,但忽视了驾驶员在ACC车辆驾驶过程中仍占主导作用的事实。针对这一问题,文中以被试驾驶员驾驶ACC车辆为评价对象,采用主、客观赋权相结合的方法,在决策模型的建立上采用逼近于理想解的排序方法(TOPSIS),得出该方案与正理想解的相对贴近度,并以此为依据进行决策排序。结果表明,被试驾驶员综合得分呈略微正偏态分布,验证了测试方法与评价体系的可靠性,可用于ACC系统安全性和接受性综合评价。     

汽车驾驶员模型的研究现状及发展趋势

汽车驾驶员模型是汽车交通安全、智能交通系统、汽车自动驾驶和车辆巡航等技术的基础研究内容和关键环节之一。按照汽车驾驶员模型的研究方向及应用,将驾驶员模型分为基于人—车—环境闭环系统汽车操纵稳定性的驾驶员模型、基于智能交通系统的驾驶员行为模型和基于交通安全的驾驶员疲劳模型等类型,综述了上述各类汽车驾驶员模型的研究现状,对各类驾驶员模型存在的不足进行了分析论述,并展望了汽车驾驶员模型的发展方向及趋势。     

High Performance ACC System Based on Sensor Fusion with Distance Sensor, Image Processing Unit, and Navigation System

Curve sensors used in first generation “Adaptive Cruise Control” systems (ACC) are based on steering angle sensors, lateral accelerometers or yaw rate sensors. The disadvantage of these curve sensors is that they do not have any preview characteristics. This leads in many driving situations to misinterpretations by the ACC system, e.g. wrong path assignments of vehicles ahead because of non-constant curve radii particularly in the beginning and ending of curves. The consequence is that the ACC car brakes due to vehicles in adjacent lanes or it ignores relevant obstacles. In the following a second generation ACC system will be presented whose curve sensor is realized by a real time image processing system with the support of a GPS-based navigation system. This multi-sensor fusion system is now suitable for collision avoidance and stop and go applications.     

Driver curve speed model and its application to ACC speed control in curved roads

A speed control algorithm for an ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) system for curved roads is proposed based on driver behavior characteristics. As the foundation of this research, a driver speed model for curved roads is developed using a series of experimental data regarding driver behavior. To adapt the model to each driver’s individual curve speed behavior, the coefficients of the model are identified in real time from the data sequences collected during drivers’ manual operation stage by a self-learning algorithm based on a Recursive Least-Square (RLS) method with a forgetting factor. Using this algorithm, the parameters of the driver model can be identified from the data collected in the manual operation phase, and the identification results are applied during the ACC automatic control phase. Based on the developed model, the ACC speed control algorithm is modified to provide each individual driver with a customized speed profile for the scenario of a curved road with no car ahead. Tests verify the applicability of the modified system.     

Nonlinear ACC in Simulation and Measurement

In this paper an adaptive cruise control (ACC) of a convoy consisting of two passenger cars is designed and tested. For the ACC only on board sensors in the following vehicle are used, communication within the convoy or between the controlled vehicle and electronic systems on the roadside is not assumed. A laser scanner is applied for range measurements, derived from the complete vision data of the area in front of the car. Since the scanner provides the range only, a Kalman Filter is used to estimate the velocity and acceleration of the car. For controller design the concept of flat outputs in connection with the exact state linearization is applied. Moreover, the exact state linearization is combined with a sliding mode control. The control parameters are obtained by an optimization algorithm using optimal tracking formulation. The optimization also guarantees individual vehicle stability as well as string stability of the convoy. It is shown how the convoy is responding to disturbances resulting from initial errors or from velocity steps by the leading vehicle at lower speed in simulation and experiment.     

Nonlinear ACC in Simulation and Measurement

In this paper an adaptive cruise control (ACC) of a convoy consisting of two passenger cars is designed and tested. For the ACC only on board sensors in the following vehicle are used, communication within the convoy or between the controlled vehicle and electronic systems on the roadside is not assumed. A laser scanner is applied for range measurements, derived from the complete vision data of the area in front of the car. Since the scanner provides the range only, a Kalman Filter is used to estimate the velocity and acceleration of the car. For controller design the concept of flat outputs in connection with the exact state linearization is applied. Moreover, the exact state linearization is combined with a sliding mode control. The control parameters are obtained by an optimization algorithm using optimal tracking formulation. The optimization also guarantees individual vehicle stability as well as string stability of the convoy. It is shown how the convoy is responding to disturbances resulting from initial errors or from velocity steps by the leading vehicle at lower speed in simulation and experiment.     

基于目标速度的汽车ACC系统油门控制策略研究

ACC系统能够根据雷达等传感器检测到的前方车辆行驶信息,并自动控制本车的油门开度和制动强度,实现自适应巡航行驶,通过对车辆行驶纵向阻力特性的分析,针对目前广泛使用的基于目标加速度的油门开度控制策略受车辆装载质量影响较大的情况,利用功率平衡原理,提出了1种基于目标车速的油门开度控制策略,并利用PreScan软件对基于目标车速的油门开度控制策略进行了仿真实验,仿真结果表明了该控制策略有效的避免了整车装载质量变化对控制目标的影响。     

基于双模式执行器的商用车自适应巡航控制系统

为实现商用车自适应巡航控制(ACC)系统的功能,开发了双模式制动执行装置和电子油门控制装置,即基于高速开关阀的商用车气压电控辅助制动系统和双模式油门控制系统,可以实现驾驶员和ACC系统的协同切换控制。在此基础上,以某商用车为对象,设计了ACC系统,结合比例-积分控制器和Smith预估补偿器设计了ACC的下位控制算法。结果表明:该ACC系统速度稳态跟踪误差小于1 m.s-1,距离稳态跟踪误差小于1.5 m;同时油门执行器和制动执行器具有安装方便、与原车电子油门及气压制动系统兼容性好的优点。     

电子防抱制动系统在红旗轿车上的开发应用

由于红旗轿车的原设计没有电子防抱制动系统，也没有预留位置，因而在红旗轿车上安装电子防抱制动系统需在原车的基础上改制和增加一部分零部件，更主要地是要解决该系统与整车的匹配问题。介绍了电子防抱制动系统的基本结构特点，以及如何评价一辆车的电子防抱制动系统。     

汽车ACC系统纵向控制六模式切换策略仿真研究

为了增强现有六模式汽车自适应巡航(ACC)系统全工况下的适应性,文中综合考虑了2车相对速度、相对距离和本车速度等参数对ACC系统控制策略的影响,提出了1种六模式ACC系统控制模式的划分方法,并定量地确定了控制模式划分的边界条件.为了使ACC系统能够根据车辆行驶工况做出合理的响应,分别设计了各控制模式的加速度算法.将模式划分方法及控制策略建立相应的Simulink模型,考虑到PreScan具有场景建立便利性和可视化等优点,采用PreScan仿真场景并通过CarSim车辆动态模型,对所设计的六模式ACC系统进行了仿真试验.仿真结果表明:提出的六模式ACC系统,在全工况特别是前车切入等复杂工况下,较现有的六模式ACC系统表现出更好的适应性.      

A comprehensive review of the development of adaptive cruise control systems

It has been 15 years since the first generation of adaptive cruise control (ACC)-equipped vehicles was available on the market and 7 years since the ISO standard for the first generation of ACC systems was produced. Since the next generation of ACC systems and more advanced driver-assistant systems are at the verge of complete introduction and deployment, it is necessary to summarise the development and research achievements of the first generation of ACC systems in order to provide more useful experiential guidance for the new deployment. From multidimensional perspectives, this paper looks into the related development and research achievements to objectively and comprehensively introduce an ACC system to researchers, automakers, governments and consumers. It attempts to simply explain what an ACC system is and how it operates from a systematic perspective. Then, it clearly draws a broad historical picture of ACC development by splitting the entire history into three different phases. Finally, the most significant research findings-related ACC systems have been reviewed and summarised from the human, traffic and social perspectives respectively.     

太阳能车机电控制系统的研究

以2009年世界太阳能车挑战赛的比赛规则为基础,分析太阳能车的能量控制策略,进行动力和电气系统的参数匹配,研究最大功率点追踪的实现方法,设计出一套太阳能车的机电控制系统,并搭建硬件系统进行基本的实验测试。研究结果表明,本系统具有较好的可行性,能够满足比赛要求,对太阳能车的进一步开发具有一定的指导意义。