Environmental improvement on Narragansett Bay as a result of section 312 implementation of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

Abstract

Section 312 of the Clean Waters Act was implemented in 1980 and requires all vessels including recreational boats already equipped with Marine Heads (toilets) to install one of three types of USCG approved Marine Sanitation Devices. These regulations govern all lakes and coastal waters extending to the end of the U.S. territorial sea and is intended to prevent untreated effluent from reaching the marine environment. As provisions of the Clean Water Act are exempt from provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act, no Environmental Impact Statement was written concerning the impacts to the marine environment and the cost to the boating public. The study based on a small survey conducted on Narragansett Bay during the summer of 1980 develops several empirical models to estimate the total costs of MSD conversions. These estimates assume that all recreational boats longer than 21 feet were to comply with Section 312 regulations. Biological Oxygen Demand generated waste by both the resident and visiting fleets have also been estimated and costs per lbs. of BOD equivalent made. Based on these estimates the quantity of waste prevented from entering the receiving waters equals that of a community with less than 700 people. The capital investments of on‐board treatment approximates 30 ¢/gallon, nearly 1000 times the cost of treating municipal waste.     

Developing a Spatially Enabled Inventory of Recreational Boats Using Vessel Registration Data

Effective waterway management requires information on the characteristics and locations of boats. A field-based boat census—a traditional method to obtain spatially accurate information—is relatively expensive, time-consuming, and restrictive in scope. Vessel registration data, maintained by all U.S. states, is potentially a more robust information source. This research evaluated the accuracy and reliability of vessel registration data to supply location and attribute information for boats. The study premise was to use vessel registration data, which includes the mailing address of registered boat owners, to develop a spatially enabled inventory of boats. The study area comprised 12,064 salt-water accessible property parcels in two Florida counties. An on-water census (OWC) provided location and characteristics for 5,023 vessels, which were compared to 8,681 vessel registration records linked to the study area. Discrepancies between the OWC and vessel registration data were explained by a stratified, random sample of 485 telephone survey respondents. Study results show that vessel registration data accurately located and characterized roughly 81% of the boat population; in contrast, the OWC accurately located less than 56%. A conclusion is that state vessel registration data is a better alternative than an OWC for locating and characterizing boats kept along waterways.     

玻璃钢渔船帽型骨材剖面结构优化设计

以玻璃钢渔船帽型骨材的剖面宽深比为变量,研究其对骨材截面面积的影响,得出了截面面积随宽深比的增加而变大的结论。同时应用有限元方法,建立了不同宽深比骨材的有限元模型,研究在相同边界条件和载荷下,宽深比对骨材变形量和应力集中的影响。结果表明,宽深比对变形量的影响甚微,而对应力集中则影响巨大。通过计算,确定了最佳的宽深比。得到的相关结论对玻璃钢渔船帽型骨材的剖面设计与尺寸优化具有一定的参考价值。     

基于有限元法的渔船碰撞仿真

以一起3万吨商船碰撞渔船为例,在充分考虑几何非线性、材料非线性和接触非线性的基础上,对商船满载和压载两种工况下与渔船的碰撞进行了仿真研究,分析了不同速度工况下渔船的损毁情况、应力情况和总能量吸收规律等。结果表明:碰撞主要破坏渔船的局部结构,且发生时间很短;商船速度越快,渔船损毁越严重;渔船破损处的形状与商船的形状非常相似,结合商船航行记录及仿真结果有助于判断商船是否为肇事船舶。     

祥芝渔港挡浪墙顶高程与港内泊稳条件的研究

通过对防波堤挡浪墙顶高程计算和物模试验研究,分析挡浪墙顶高程的取值及其对湾内海域渔船泊稳条件的影响。     

基于船岸一体的小型游船光伏系统的构建

为了有效提高全太阳能动力船舶的使用范围,降低环境因素的干扰,在分析小型游船能源需求特点的基础上,构建了一套基于船岸一体的太阳能光伏系统,阐述了基于船岸一体的小型游船光伏系统的设计流程和成套技术路线,可为全太阳能小型游船的设计与应用提供依据。     

商船碰撞渔船主要原因及预防对策

一般情况下,渔船集中、数量多,且渔船的行动多变,所显示的号灯不规范,商船值班人员对渔船作为直航船舶对待的疏忽以及望判断失误等,很容易造成碰撞事故。在分析商船和鱼船碰撞事故原因的基础上,就如何正确理解避碰规则、商船相遇渔船时如何避让、如何保持正规望,做好驾驶台班组管理等方面进行了探讨,并提出了一些建议和看法。     

通海阀内流场的三维数值模拟

通海阀是船舶内部管路系统与外界连接的重要装置，主要用于各管路海水注入和排出的控制和调节．其性能的好坏直接影响全船各系统甚至整个船舶的性能。在实际使用中发现，通海阀噪声振动加速度偏高，对船舶声学性能产生影响。因此，以通海阀为研究对象，采用Fluent软件对通海阀在不同的开口度和流量下的内流场进行数值计算，给出通海阀阀腔内的速度场和压力场图.根据该可视化结果分析影响通海阀性能和产生噪声的原因，为通海阀的内流道优化提供理论依据。     

长江监督艇现状及发展方向

介绍了现有长江监督艇的船体建造用材料、快速性能、船舶主要量度及主机选型等 ,并对长江监督艇今后的发展趋势进行了有益的探讨。     

论《保险法》中如实告知义务主体

保险中的如实告知义务是诚信原则的重要内容之一。我国现行《保险法》第17条仅规定了投保人的如实告知义务,而未涉及被保险人及投保人的代理人或经纪人等,这些都与国外许多国家的保险立法存在差异。论文结合国外保险立法的立法例,从理论上对如实告知义务的主体进行探讨。     

渔港港内锚地泊稳允许波高比较分析*

渔港泊稳条件一般应包括码头泊稳条件和锚地泊稳条件,从港内锚地泊稳条件入手,介绍了国外发达国家港内锚地允许波高规定,针对我国习惯采用有效波高作为锚地泊稳条件的做法和弊端,以VQY811型渔船(298.4 kW)为代表船型行进验证,提出港内锚地允许波高采用不大于1m最大波高是符合实际的.     

小水线面双体船全船应力分布的有限元分析

该文依据有关规范和文献，针对小水线面双体船的特殊外载及结构形式，用有限元法详细分析其全船及局部的应力分布规律，并计算出在不同载荷分布，不同结构形式，不同的加强措施下的应力分布情况及相应的应力值。     

交通艇费用管理及选型

依据宁波大港弓『航有限公司二十年来的4种不同类型交通艇的使用情况,估算后期费用,提出管理方法,为相关单位建造安全、经济、舒适的交通艇提供参考。     

浅论海商法的性质与特点

海商法的特点和性质是理解和应用海商法的基础,文章认为,海商法是一个兼具公法和私法性质的包括国内法规范和国际法规范的边缘性法律部门。广义海商法与狭义海商法的特点并不相同。     

真空芯材导流工艺在玻璃钢游艇制造中的应用研究

真空芯材导流工艺是最近兴起的复合材料加工方法,本文介绍了真空芯材导流技术的原理,并与其他工艺在性能上做了对比,阐述了由真空芯材导流技术所制作的玻璃钢游艇的优势,同时对生产过程中应予以注意的事项做了简要的介绍。     

Navigation of foreign vessels within China's jurisdictional waters

From ancient times, navigation at sea has been an essential channel of communication and transport among nations. The emergence and development of the law of the sea itself rested with the navigation at sea. The principle of the freedom of the seas has been universally recognized as one of the fundamental principles in international law and practiced by States since the late 18th century. However, with the expansion of national jurisdiction over sea areas, the freedom of navigation has been challenged and navigational rights of foreign vessels are subject to the laws and regulations of coastal States. China, as a big maritime country, has formulated a set of rules and regulations governing navigation of foreign vessels within China's jurisdictional waters. This article attempts to review and assess China's legislation and practice in this respect in the context of international law of the sea.     

Navigation of foreign vessels within China's jurisdictional waters

From ancient times, navigation at sea has been an essential channel of communication and transport among nations. The emergence and development of the law of the sea itself rested with the navigation at sea. The principle of the freedom of the seas has been universally recognized as one of the fundamental principles in international law and practiced by States since the late 18th century. However, with the expansion of national jurisdiction over sea areas, the freedom of navigation has been challenged and navigational rights of foreign vessels are subject to the laws and regulations of coastal States. China, as a big maritime country, has formulated a set of rules and regulations governing navigation of foreign vessels within China's jurisdictional waters. This article attempts to review and assess China's legislation and practice in this respect in the context of international law of the sea.     

基于流固耦合法的巡逻船首部结构耐撞性能研究

目前船舶碰撞研究普遍采用忽略水对船体影响的附连水质量法,本文将水介质对船舶的影响考虑进去,建立船—水—船相互作用的流固耦合算法。并以600吨级巡逻船为研究对象,建立撞击船与被撞船整船模型以及适当大小的水域,解决了撞击船—流场—被撞船之间的耦合问题。在数值仿真计算过程中,将内部动力学及外部动力学同步分析,获得了不同工况下被撞船的运动状态以及损伤变形、碰撞速度和碰撞力等动态结构响应。所获结果可为巡逻船在不可避免地发生碰撞时提供操船建议,对于提高巡逻船的战斗力具有重要的意义。     

景区游览艇旅客集中一舷稳性计算

根据风景区游览艇的实际营运情况,分析游览艇稳性计算中存在的问题,提出合理的游览艇稳性校核的方法。     

渔船节能技术中潮流能发电的应用设计

本文介绍了现有的节能方法,提出在渔船锚泊时应用潮流能发电技术.研究设计了潮流能发电系统中的水轮机、发电机及调节器.这一设计解决了渔船在锚泊时用传统柴油机做原动机供电带来的资源浪费与环境污染问题,同时也解决了一些锚泊船用蓄电池来维持供电时供电时间短的问题.