船舶防海盗措施及安全舱室的设计

当前,海盗劫持船舶已经常发生,如何保护船员和船舶的安全,已是船厂和船东急需解决的问题。通过对海盗攻击方式以及攻击线路的研究,从设计角度上阐述了防海盗措施的种类与方法,尽可能延缓海盗的攻击速度,并着重对安全舱室在船舶上的应用作了综合的分析研究,所制定的防盗措施已被实船部分使用,且获得船东认可。     

船舶防海盗措施的探讨

通过分析海盗活动活跃的原因,历陈近期海盗活动的特点、目前打击海盗的难点以及海盗通常的袭击方式,并从保证安全,用航海的视角,提出船舶防抗海盗的措施,供同行参考,共同提高防抗海盗措施的有效性,保障船舶和船员的生命安全.     

2011年度索马里海盗活动特点与反海盗新措施

2011年,索马里海盗活动呈现出新特点,但国际社会反海盗采取了一些新措施,并取得了一些新成果。     

全球海盗活动分析与应对措施

从海盗活动总体分析入手,分析海盗的分类、海盗活动区域和海盗袭击的船型。围绕西非、东南亚、印度洋高危区、孟加拉、印度、中美洲海盗特点展开论述,从船舶防海盗措施、公司防海盗措施、以军事力量打击海盗及国际社会对相关国家的帮助等几方面提出应对海盗的措施。     

海盗活动规律分析及应对措施

在相关专家研究的基础上,根据近年来国际海事组织(IMO)发布的《海盗和武装劫持船舶事件报告》,对海盗和武装劫持船舶事件进行统计、分析,找出海盗活动的一些规律,分析影响海盗事件发生的因素,并提出防止海盗和武装抢劫船舶的措施。     

对中国商船预防和应对索马里海盗的相关思考

综合分析一些国家政府和国际组织针对索马里海盗问题采取的一系列措施和建议,以及中国航运界目前应对索马里海盗的状况,对于制定中国商船预防和应对索马里水域海盗袭击指南中提出应考虑的事项。     

2011年全球海盗袭击事件分析及其应对措施

长期以来,海盗问题一直严重困扰着全球航运业的发展,威胁着船舶财产和船上人员生命的安全。虽然近年来亚丁湾附近海域的海盗行为有所收敛,但是几内亚湾海盗活动却日益猖獗,而且手段极度残忍,这引起国际社会的普遍关注。本文主要依据国际海事局（IMB）发布的相关权威数据,对2011年全球海盗事件的特点做简单论述和统计分析。并提出了应对措施。     

防海盗措施在船舶设计中的应用

防海盗的形势仍然严峻,如何在船舶设计中,采取合适的措施防止海盗,从而保障船舶和船员的生命财产安全,是船舶设计者应该考虑的问题.在设计中,通过对船舷的特殊设计,有效地阻止海盗登船;通过对上层建筑梯道、驾驶室等的改进措施,有效地拖延海盗控制船舶的时间;通过设置安全舱室,为固守待援提供有力的保障.     

防御海盗袭击登轮的设想

近年来,索马里海盗活动日渐猖獗,已引起国际社会的广泛关注,抗击海盗最安全的做法是阻止海盗登轮.针对当前防御海盗措施的不足,结合油轮特点,提出在舷边安装旋转水喷枪和加装蒸汽喷管2个用于阻止海盗登轮的设想.提出的方法具有可行性,可供其他油轮解决相关问题时提供新思路.     

船舶防海盗措施探讨

近年来,海盗活动猖獗、手段不断改进,船东对新建船舶的防海盗措施愈加关注。该文从船厂设计角度探讨船舶防海盗措施,介绍了船舶保安报警系统、船舶避难所设置中的隐蔽性和安全性设计要求与方法以及其他防海盗的新技术、新方法,为船舶设计、建造提供参考。     

浅析索马里海盗现状和船舶加强防范的措施（一）

目前,索马里海盗活动日益猖獗,对海上安全航行构成了重大威胁。文中通过分析近期索马里海盗活动的主要特点、手段和演变趋势以及反海盗行动面临的主要挑战,探索解决海盗问题需努力的方向,并对航经亚丁湾和索马里海域的中国籍船舶如何防范索马里海盗提出相关建议。     

The place of the ISPS Code in the legal international regime

The adoption of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code) is the latest response of the international shipping community to the increasing threat posed by acts of terrorism at sea. The ACHILLE LAURO incident of 1985 showed that the traditional law against piracy was not adequate to deal with new types of unlawful acts against international shipping, especially those involving acts of terrorism. The 1988 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (SUA Convention) and the technical and administrative measures adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee of IMO in 1986 and 1996 attempted to develop a broader regime to deal with unlawful acts against international shipping.However, the events of September 11, 2001 showed that additional measures were still needed to prevent terrorist attacks against ships.     

亚丁湾附近海域海盗犯罪的特点、成因及对策研究

近期，亚丁湾海域及索马里沿海海盗犯罪成为此海域海上安全的严重威胁。在认清当前海盗犯罪的特点及其成因的基础上，船方必须采取相应的防范和应急处理措施，确保船舶和船员生命安全。     

Piracy off West Africa from 2010 to 2014: an analysis

Piracy is one of the most frequent maritime threats. However, despite the importance of how maritime piracy is to be reduced, it is substantially less investigated than maritime safety. Piracy off Somalia is the most investigated case of piracy, but those results are not necessarily generalizable. Piracy off West Africa has been shown to be more diverse, successful and dangerous. This study investigates and analyses piracy off West Africa with the aim to understand how different operations and security measures affect the consequences of piracy. This study has identified several different intents and shows that most attacks are relatively close to shore and correspond to areas of high ship density. Attacks with the intent of theft at night-time are generally performed close to shore, and more complicated attacks against ships under way are more common during daytime and farther from shore. Five types of measures are found to have high effectiveness if the attack is detected during approach; after boarding, only two measures have high effectiveness. Of the effective measures, it can be concluded that all but one are dependent on detecting the attack. Therefore, detecting the pirates is key but must be accompanied by a set of measures because no measure alone can protect a ship given the operational conditions off West Africa. The risks associated with piracy off West Africa are estimated to be of the same magnitude as the risks posed by Somali piracy at its peak.     

Drops in the bucket? A review of onshore responses to Somali piracy

That piracy needs to be addressed onshore is a widely shared assumption. While the majority of counter-piracy measures focus on the sea, a number of onshore counter-piracy initiatives have been launched. We can observe the seeds of an alternative land-based policy approach. One set of land-based programs aims at strengthening the legal and security state apparatus to better deter and punish pirates. The other set of programs aims at addressing local populations on regional, clan or village levels. Such projects aim at increasing surveillance, sensitizing populations for the consequences of piracy, and providing rehabilitation or alternative livelihood opportunities. In this article, I review the latter type of projects and discuss the promises and difficulties of addressing piracy by such measures. I discuss five major problems: knowledge problems, implementation problems, counterintuitive consequences, tensions towards other parts of counter-piracy strategy, and the securitization of aid.     

Piracy, navies and the law of the Sea: the case of Somalia

This contribution concentrates on the legal aspects of piracy and tries to explain some of the practical problems which modern navies experience in their fight against piracy and maritime violence off Somalia. The UN Law of the Sea Convention of 1982 provides a traditional though largely deficient set of rules for control and counter measures. Modern legal instruments such as the SUA Convention of 1988 as amended, recent resolutions of the UN Security Council and regional treaties try to fill the loopholes. Against this background the paper discusses e. g. the law of boarding and investigation of suspicious vessels, the arrest and penal prosecution of criminals and the right of self-defence in case of an imminent attack. The international mandates and the national rules of engagement in which the navies operate reflect these ambiguities that result in a loss of momentum. After all piracy is not an act of war, but a crime. In conclusion apolitical solution on land is indispensable as the navies and coast guards can only fight the symptoms and not the causes of crime and unrest in a failed State.     

Introduction to the special issue on maritime security

The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 heightened awareness about the vulnerability of all modes of transportation to terrorist attack. The issue of maritime security has therefore become a major concern in the international maritime sector over the past several years. Globalization has led to a strong growth in seaborne trade; however, it simultaneously increases vulnerability to not only terrorism but also international criminal activities that threaten the world's supply chain. For example, in 2008, the rise in piracy activities in the Gulf of Aden brought the issue of maritime security to the forefront of international debate. In addition to the direct impact on ships, crews and cargoes, and on the maritime industry and governments, piracy also threatens global seaborne trade, and has an impact on energy security and the environment [UNCTAD, 2009, Review of Maritime Transport 2009 (New York: United Nations)]. Maritime piracy can pose substantial risks to seaborne trades, with considerable commodities, ranging between raw materials and energy to high-value manufactured products, being shipped between global economic powerhouses [FU, X. W., NG, A. K. Y., LAU, Y. Y., forthcoming, The impacts of maritime piracy on global economic development: The case of Somalia. Maritime Policy and Management]. Maritime security management, including the definition of security, maritime risk assessment, security measures, the regulation and policy of maritime security in shipping and port-related business operations has been receiving growing attention, both in practice and research.     

海盗防范经验探索

作为一种古老的犯罪行为,海盗曾经在相当长的时间里淡出了人们的视线。但是,20世纪90年代以来,伴随着东南亚海盗事件的上升,全球海盗事件开始急剧增加,仅登记在案的全球海盗犯罪事件就由之前的每年几起、几十起猛增到每年几百起。日益猖獗的海盗攻击事件不仅给人们的生命和财产安全带来了极大的威胁,还危及到国际海洋运输和贸易的安全与秩序。此外,装载有毒有害物质的船只如果受到海盗的攻击还可能造成海洋或邻近海岸环境生态的严重污染。因此,发现海盗行为特点,找出海盗日益猖獗原因,了解国际社会态度,采取有效措施已成为一项刻不容缓的历史重任。     

索马里海盗现状及应对策略

索马里海盗劫持船舶行为给世界航运市场带来了巨大考验,造成了船期的巨大浪费、营运成本的大量增加和船员生命安全的严重威胁。如何提高船舶抵御海盗袭击、劫持的能力成为当今一项极为紧迫的课题。文中介绍了索马里海盗的现状特点并阐述了国际社会应对索马里海盗的策略。     

防范海盗形势分析及对策探讨

文中引用IMB《2011年度海盗和武装抢劫报告》的数据,分析了近年来海盗活动的特点、规律和发展趋势,介绍了航运界在防范海盗方面所取得的经验,探讨了防范海盗应遵循的基本原则,并对船舶防范海盗的良好做法进行了阐述。