视线遮挡条件下面向弱势道路使用者的避撞策略研究

由于视线障碍物造成的“鬼探头”事故已经成为当前城市道路交通事故的主要类型之一。针对汽车碰撞视线遮挡条件下横穿的弱势道路使用者(VRU)的场景, 设计了1种基于碰撞时间比和安全制动距离的避撞策略, 建立车辆与VRU的交通状态数学模型, 分析“鬼探头”场景下的制动避撞临界距离。结合临界距离和车辆与VRU的碰撞时间比, 将可以避免碰撞的场景分为3种工况, 分别采用不同的制动减速度, 建立自动紧急制动避撞策略。通过Euro NCAP CPNC测试场景对该策略与传统TTC制动算法进行比较分析。结果表明, 在Euro NCAP CPNC测试场景中, 自车利用该避撞策略在理想情况下能够在更高的车速情况下完成避撞; 在不能避免碰撞的高速行驶工况中较传统TTC算法能够更加有效降低碰撞速度, 同时降低事故重伤风险和死亡风险, 提高车辆的安全性。      

轿车与6岁儿童行人不同方位碰撞中下肢损伤分析

Euro NCAP发布的行人模型认证技术公告TB024的最新版本对6岁儿童行人模型认证提出了单独要求,旨在加强对儿童行人的保护.本研究应用符合Euro NCAP技术公告(TB024)规定并且具有详细解剖学结构的6岁儿童行人有限元模型,设置了4组不同方位行人-汽车碰撞仿真试验,以探究不同碰撞方位下的儿童下肢损伤机理.结果...     

保护行人大腿的汽车前端结构的研究

为进行行人保护研究,建立了某车型前端的有限元模型,并通过试验验证了该模型的精确性.以提高EuroNCAP行人大腿碰撞试验的得分为目标,对汽车前大灯采取了自身刚度弱化的措施,试验结果表明效果良好.文中还尝试将安全气囊运用到发动机罩上,仿真计算验证了该安全气囊对行人大腿保护的有效性.     

乘员膝部碰撞台车试验与车身结构设计

介绍了Euro NCAP关于膝部碰撞试验要求和试验方法。依据该试验方法采用现有的台车试验系统对配有膝部气囊的某车型进行了典型膝部碰撞试验研究。在膝部碰撞伤害区域内选取驾驶员左膝侧、乘员左膝侧、乘员右膝侧和转向柱下护板4个位置作为碰撞试验点,通过分析大腿力和膝部滑移量碰撞试验结果可知,4个碰撞位置设计均符合要求。     

防挥鞭伤安全座椅的初步研究

以Euro NCAP挥鞭伤动态评估为基础,采用DOE分析手段,得到座椅部分设计参数对挥鞭伤的影响规律.结果表明,随着座椅设计参数的变化,几个损伤评价指标呈非线性变化,而且是互相影响此消彼长.因此,防挥鞭伤安全座椅设计应是一种多目标综合优化设计.     

国外NCAP的研究及开展中国NCAP的几点思考

研究了国外各NCAP的发展情况、基本特点、试验形式及评估方法,讨论了开展NCAP带来的巨大社会收益。针对中国的道路交通事故伤亡情况及事故形式进行了分析,结合对国外NCAP发展过程的研究,提出开展中国NCAP的几点建议,并对发展初期可能包括的试验形式进行了讨论。     

汽车行人保护开发与研究进展

行人保护是汽车安全技术领域的前沿和热点问题。随着各国立法的推进,各汽车厂商面临的行人保护压力将越来越大。现行主要法规有EEVC系列、GTR、Euro NCAP等。文中综述了国内外行人保护研究的最新方法和技术,展望了行人保护技术的发展趋势和方向。面向行人保护的被动安全技术核心在于碰撞能量的吸收,主要的技术路线包括新材料的应用和安全结构的改进。而能避免事故发生的主动安全技术将逐渐成为汽车安全领域研究的新趋势。     

Hybrid Ⅲ 50百分位假人胸部低速撞击标定研究

对Euro NCAP新的Hybrid Ⅲ 50百分位假人胸部低速撞击标定程序进行了理论分析,比较了其与现行高速撞击标定程序的异同.然后通过胸部撞击标定试验对其影响因素进行分析,并结合我国实际情况讨论了符合我国国情的胸部低速撞击标定程序.     

NCAP及其在中国

当前,汽车的安全性,尤其是碰撞安全性能越来越受到人们的关注和重视,也因此车辆强制性碰撞的评价规范——NCAP体系已然成为汽车行业研究、开发的重点。文章从NCAP体系的诞生出发,详细介绍了NCAP的产生、发展和作用,以及各类NCAP的试验和评价规程差异。最后,文章详细介绍了C-NCAP,论述了C-NCAP在中国的发展现状,并指出其目前存在的问题和缺陷,为C-NCAP今后的良性健康发展提出参考性意见。     

Worst-case scenario development based on Sine with Dwell test and evaluation for vehicle dynamics controller in UCC HILS

The current test methods are insufficient to evaluate and ensure the safety and reliability of vehicle systems for all possible dynamic situations, including the worst case scenarios such as rollover, spin-out and so on. Although the known NHTSA Sine with Dwell steering maneuvers have been applied for the vehicle performance assessment, they are not enough to estimate other possible worst case scenarios. Therefore, it is crucial for us to verify the various worst case scenarios, including the existing severe steering maneuvers. This paper includes useful worst case scenarios based upon the existing worst case scenarios mentioned above and worst case evaluation for the vehicle dynamic controller in a simulation basis and UCC HILS. The only human steering angle was selected as a design parameter here and optimized to maximize the index function to be expressed in terms of both yaw rate and side slip angle. The obtained scenarios were enough to generate the worst case scenario to meet NHTSA worst case definition. It has been concluded that the new procedure in this paper is adequate to create other feasible worst case scenarios for a vehicle dynamic control system.     

共轨柴油机排气后处理系统实时仿真模型

柴油机从欧Ⅲ排放标准发展到欧Ⅳ排放标准需要增加排气后处理系统,对排气后处理系统的建模和仿真将是欧Ⅳ柴油机控制系统开发流程中的重要环节。介绍了排气后处理系统的发展状况,针对柴油机控制系统开发建立了排气后处理系统模型,包括氧化催化器和微粒过滤器两个模块,模型根据能量守恒和化学动力学原理建立。对后处理模型进行了硬件在环仿真,对微粒过滤器的再生策略进行了分析。     

Exhaust nanoparticle emissions from internal combustion engines: A review

This paper reviews the particle emissions formed during the combustion process in spark ignition and diesel engine. Proposed legislation in Europe and California will impose a particle number requirement for GDI (gasoline direct injection) vehicles and will introduce the Euro 6 and LEV-III emission standards. More careful optimization for reducing particulate emission on engine hardware, fuel system, and control strategy to reduce particulate emissions will be required during cold start and warm-up phases. Because The diesel combustion inherently produces significant amounts of PM as a result of incomplete combustion around individual fuel droplets in the combustion zone, much attention has been paid to reducing particle emissions through electronic engine control, high pressure injection systems, combustion chamber design, and exhaust after-treatment technologies. In this paper, recent research and development trends to reduce the particle emissions from internal combustion engines are summarized, with a focus on PMP activity in EU, CARB and SAE papers and including both state-of-the-art light-duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines.     

雨雾天气下的自动紧急制动系统测试评价方法研究

针对当前自动紧急制动系统评价中,存在雨雾等危险复杂气象状况的测试场景考虑不足,和评价结果难以客观反映AEB系统实际性能的问题,研究了包含雨雾天气的AEB系统测试场景和综合评价方法。根据国家车辆事故深度调查体系（National Automobile Accident in-Depth Investigation System,NAIS）的事故数据,参考中国新车评价规程,构建了雨雾天气下的AEB系统测试场景;基于层次分析法,建立了AEB系统评价层次模型,提出了AEB系统综合评价方法。在PreScan-Simulink平台上搭建了仿真测试场景,进行测试评价,验证了方法的效果,与传统单一评价指标方法进行对比,结果显示被测车辆得分为6.610 7分,小于单一速度减少量评价方法的9.015 0分,偏差分析表明该方法评价结果更客观,能更准确地反映AEB系统性能。     

Design methodology to reduce the chest deflection in US NCAP and EURO NCAP tests

There have not been many studies on the factors that affect chest deflection, although the US NCAP thoracic injury criterion was recently shifted from the 3-msec clip to chest deflection. This study explored these factors and proposed a design methodology for the factors to minimize chest deflection. Because injuries can become severe if the driver crashes against the vehicle interior, this study also sought a solution using a penalty function to prevent crashes with the interior and minimize injuries. First, a MADYMO model was made to simulate US NCAP and EURO NCAP tests by one-to-one and stochastic verifications. Second, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to find the major factors that affect chest deflection. Lastly, the factors identified via the sensitivity analysis were optimized to propose design guidelines that helped vehicles receive high star ratings in US NCAP and EURO NCAP tests and helped minimize the possibility of hard contact between the driver and the vehicle interior by utilizing a penalty function and the Taguchi method.     

Robust design optimization of frontal structures for minimizing injury risks of Flex Pedestrian Legform Impactor

The Flexible Pedestrian Legform Impactor (Flex-PLI) consisting of a flexible femur and tibia will be tested for pedestrian protection by Euro NCAP within the next couple of years as a potential replacement for the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) legform impactor. The injury risks that are measured when using Flex-PLI are the elongation of the anterior/posterior cruciate ligament (A/PCL), elongation of the medial collateral ligament (MCL), and tibia bending moment (TBM). In this study, we used a correlated computer-aided engineering (CAE) model to conduct a contribution analysis of each injury with regard to the changes in the location of the frontal structures based on the results of a design of experiments (DOE) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The frontal structures that were selected as control factors were the energy absorber (EA), lower bumper stiffener (LBS), and hood angle. A kriging interpolation model was developed using the DOE results, and its results were compared with those of the CAE model. Furthermore, for robust design optimization, the speed and height of Flex-PLI were used as the noise factors. Finally, a robust design optimization was carried out using the optimal combination of the discrete control factors for minimizing MCL elongation.     

一种针对C-NCAP中MPDB工况碰撞兼容性的优化方法

本文中对中国新车评价程序(C-NCAP)2021年版中首次引入的移动渐进变形壁障(MPDB)碰撞试验工况进行了介绍,对碰撞兼容性的评价指标进行了说明,并提出了一种针对于MPDB工况碰撞兼容性的优化方案.仿真分析与验证的结果表明,此优化方案可明显改善碰撞兼容性得分,可应用性强.     

欧Ⅵ天然气发动机关键技术研究

利用GT‐SUITE软件建立天然气发动机湍流火焰预测燃烧模型,结合试验数据验证了模型的计算精度,基于该模型对实现欧Ⅵ排放的当量燃烧路线关键技术,包括增压器匹配、米勒循环、瞬态参数优化进行了分析。研究表明：非对称流道增压器在实现相同EGR率前提下泵气损失最小;米勒循环可以抑制爆震,提升发动机经济性和可靠性,适当减小油门响应速度和增加放气阀响应速度可以降低发动机瞬态超负荷率。研究结果对欧VI天然气发动机开发具有一定指导意义。     

轿车用小型柴油机的技术开发

在YC4W 1.2 L小型轿车柴油机开发设计中应用了轻量化设计、四气门技术、VNT技术、废气再循环、电控高压共轨喷油系统等先进技术。整机按照欧洲排放测试循环进行的台架试验模拟预测表明,排放水平可以达到欧Ⅲ并接近欧Ⅳ标准。该机已经开始装车试运行和进行整车标定试验。由于应用了多种先进技术,YC4W1.2 L柴油机具有动力性强、低排放、低油耗、低噪声、等特点。     

Comparison on rating methods for female dummy in NCAP frontal impact test

From MY2010 US-NCAP, the 5th percentile female Hybrid III dummy has been used for the safety evaluation of the right front passenger position in the frontal impact test. In Korea, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT) decided to evaluate the safety of the 5th percentile female dummy in the frontal impact test from 2013 KNCAP. In this paper, using the frontal NCAP data for the 5 vehicles available from the NHTSA test database, the safety of the 5th percentile female dummy were examined. Using the evaluation and rating method by the KNCAP, 5 vehicles received 5 stars. Using the evaluation and rating method by the US-NCAP, only one vehicle received 5 stars and the remaining 4 vehicles received 4 stars. In the US-NCAP, the N_ij was the most influential factor for the star rating. In the KNCAP, the evaluation and rating method for the 5th percentile female Hybrid III dummy is less stringent than the method of the US-NCAP. The evaluation and rating method is proposed to increase the stringency of the star rating for the female dummy in the KNCAP.     

欧洲最新蒸发排放法规分析——欧Ⅲ、欧Ⅰ第Ⅳ型试验的比较

比较分析了欧Ⅲ与欧Ⅰ第Ⅳ型试验（装点燃式发动机车辆蒸发排放试验）在试验程序、试验设备、试验结果计算和限值方面的联系与差别，指出了欧Ⅲ对试验设备的新要求主要表现在密闭室对容积变化的适应能力和温度调节系统的调节能力上，最后在分析基础上提出了结论与建议。