摩托车ABS系统在低附着系数路面的测试方法研究(1)

摩托车制动新标准的推广实施,已将国内众多摩托车企业和检测机构的注意力迅速聚焦到ABS制动系统的测试研究上。《GB 20073—2018摩托车和轻便摩托车制动性能要求及试验方法》标准对高端摩托车的制动性能提出了加装ABS系统的新要求,其中低附着路面的测试要求和方法是整个项目中的难点之一。本文通过对标准和测试方法的研究,谈谈一些自己多次实践获得的测试经验和方法。     

前轮鼓式制动器分析研究与设计计算(1)

通过对设计定型阶段复制的样件进行全性能测试、制动测试、破坏性测试、耐久性测试、相关件的强度试验和分析后证明,采用增加制动器制动力矩的技术方案,完全能达到GB 20073—2006标准中对摩托车和轻便摩托车制动性能及试验方法的要求。     

美国发布摩托车制动系统规则提案

近日，美国交通部国家公路交通安全管理局发布摩托车制动系统规则提案。该提案新增和更新了如下测试程序：规定了脚踏制动器单独控制和摩托车满负荷情况下干式制动器的测试程序；提供了新的摩托车高速制动器性能评定测试程序；增加了模拟使用条件下湿式制动器的测试、改进了热衰退的测试评估程序及防抱死制动系统测试程序和性能要求；针对配备助力制动系统的摩托车，增加了助力制动系统故障测试。     

车载式摩托车制动性能测试系统的研究开发

基于嵌入式控制器的车载式摩托车制动性能测试系统，主要参数有车速、手握力、踏板力、制动蹄片温度等。该系统体积小、集成化、便于组装拆卸，并具有良好的可靠性和稳定性，测量精度高，随车携带方便。     

浅谈摩托车ABS制动系统测试用防侧翻支架的安装技巧及方法

研究及测试显示摩托车加装ABS制动系统将能有效降低交通事故,提高骑驶安全性。随着新版欧盟摩托车法规的发布实施,欧盟2016年1月1日起新车型L3摩托车将强制安装高级制动系统,排量125 mL以上车辆将强制安装ABS制动系统,我国出口到欧盟的摩托车均需强制安装ABS系统并且检测合格。然而目前国内外摩托车ABS测试是一项极其危险的操作,无论是企业还是检测机构目前普遍采取的方法就是在摩托车的车架上安装防滚架以防止车辆侧翻所造成安全事故。因此,摩托车ABS制动系统测试用防侧翻支架的安装及调试就显得尤为重要。     

GB 20073—2006标准与GTR3法规的对比分析（1）

GB20073-2006《摩托车和轻便摩托车制动性能要求及试验方法》自发布和实施以来,作为摩托车型式认证的强制性检验项目,通过对摩托车制动性能的检测,对摩托车安全行驶起到了积极的促进作用。随着摩托车制动系统的不断改进及制动领域新技术（防抱制动系统ABS、联合制动系统CBS等）在摩托车上的应用,现代摩托车已经能够配备更加复杂和有效的制动系统,为此,各国也加快了对制动性能和检测方法的法规和标准的更新速度与之相适应。     

小词典

制动距离的测量摩托车制动距离是指在规定的行驶条件下,车辆从接受制动信号到停车,前轮成后轮两个接地点之间的距离。国家标准GB538-85摩托车制动性能试验方法规定的试验条件: 1.试验路面摩擦系数应超过0.75;     

轿车制动性能道路试验研究

对某国产轿车进行了制动系统的道路试验研究,基于现有的试验设备,搭建试验测试系统,试验所测量的参数主要有制动减速度、制动距离、制动踏板力,制动液压系统管路压力等。试验结束后,依据制动系统的评价指标和标准要求对试验结果进行分析,对该车制动性能进行综合评价,为企业后续的研究和改进提供依据。     

摩托车制动防抱死系统设计

摩托车的制动系统对其行驶安全有着重要影响。本文通过对制动系统的性能要求分析，设计了一种基于液压控制的制动防抱死系统。由霍尔传感器测量前后车轮的轮速，通过电子控制单元调节液压系统，进而使前轮和后轮的主缸和轮缸的压力合理变化，在紧急制动时不会出现抱死状态。通过试验，验证了紧急制动时，ABS系统对横摆角和抱死的影响。结果表明，该制动防抱死系统设计合理，能够解决摩托车在紧急制动时存在的制动距离长、横摆角大、制动抱死等问题。     

两轮摩托车制动性能问题分析

尽管摩托车制动性能标准GB20073--2006已实施3年多了,但还有相当一部分摩托车的制动性能达不到标准要求,特别是采用鼓式制功器的摩托车。目前,鼓式制动器摩托车占总量的70％以上,制动性能是摩托车行驶安全性的最重要指标,涉及到骑乘者和行人的安全,应引起业内人士的高度重视。通过对两轮摩托车制动系统测试和分析,找出了摩托车制动性能不能满足标准要求的原因,并提出了解决方法。     

Combined control of a regenerative braking and antilock braking system for hybrid electric vehicles

Most parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) employ both a hydraulic braking system and a regenerative braking system to provide enhanced braking performance and energy regeneration. A new design of a combined braking control strategy (CBCS) is presented in this paper. The design is based on a new method of HEV braking torque distribution that makes the hydraulic braking system work together with the regenerative braking system. The control system meets the requirements of a vehicle longitudinal braking performance and gets more regenerative energy charge back to the battery. In the described system, a logic threshold control strategy (LTCS) is developed to adjust the hydraulic braking torque dynamically, and a fuzzy logic control strategy (FCS) is applied to adjust the regenerative braking torque dynamically. With the control strategy, the hydraulic braking system and the regenerative braking system work synchronously to assure high regenerative efficiency and good braking performance, even on roads with a low adhesion coefficient when emergency braking is required. The proposed braking control strategy is steady and effective, as demonstrated by the experiment and the simulation.     

CVT混合动力汽车再生制动控制策略与仿真分析

分析了混合动力汽车制动过程中发动机反拖制动和CVT速比控制对车辆再生制动性能的影响,提出了低制动强度下仅由电机再生制动、高制动强度下电机与制动器共同制动和紧急制动时发动机参与制动的再生制动策略。对典型工况进行了再生制动仿真,仿真结果表明,CVT速比控制可使电机运行在高效区,从而获得了比传统手动变速混合动力汽车更好的制动能量回收效果。     

An integrated control strategy for the composite braking system of an electric vehicle with independently driven axles

For an electric vehicle with independently driven axles, an integrated braking control strategy was proposed to coordinate the regenerative braking and the hydraulic braking. The integrated strategy includes three modes, namely the hybrid composite mode, the parallel composite mode and the pure hydraulic mode. For the hybrid composite mode and the parallel composite mode, the coefficients of distributing the braking force between the hydraulic braking and the two motors' regenerative braking were optimised offline, and the response surfaces related to the driving state parameters were established. Meanwhile, the six-sigma method was applied to deal with the uncertainty problems for reliability. Additionally, the pure hydraulic mode is activated to ensure the braking safety and stability when the predictive failure of the response surfaces occurs. Experimental results under given braking conditions showed that the braking requirements could be well met with high braking stability and energy regeneration rate, and the reliability of the braking strategy was guaranteed on general braking conditions.     

拖挂式房车制动稳定性的研究

在建立6自由度拖挂式房车转弯制动数学模型的基础上,对拖挂式房车的制动过程进行了仿真计算,分析了转向角、转向角速度和房车车轮制动力对房车横摆角速度的影响以及各参数之间的协调优化。为寻求房车车轮制动力与转向角、转向角速度、制动时间等因素的最优关系,达到拖挂式房车在行驶过程中实时控制房车制动力,提高拖挂式房车行驶的稳定性奠定了基础。     

Anti-Skid Braking of a Tractor-Semitrailer Truck

This paper describes a study of anti-skid braking and the effects of such braking on the handling behavior and braking performance of a tractor-semitrailer truck. The truck, represented by a digital computer model having fourteen degrees of freedom, is taken to be in a cornering maneuver that involves braking and driver steering. Conventional braking or one of three types of anti-skid braking is used in the maneuver. The results show that the effects of anti-skid braking on the handling behavior and braking performance of the truck are beneficial. The results also show that the behavior of the wheels and the handling behavior and braking performance of the truck depend on the type of anti-skid braking used.     

某汽车气压制动系统制动反应时间的测试及分析

汽车制动反应时间是汽车制动系统的重要性能参数之一,是影响汽车制动距离的主要因素之一。本文对某汽车气压制动系统进行制动反应时间测试,并分析其制动系统特性。     

Transient switching control strategy from regenerative braking to anti-lock braking with a semi-brake-by-wire system

Regenerative braking is an important technology in improving fuel economy of an electric vehicle (EV). However, additional motor braking will change the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle, leading to braking instability, especially when the anti-lock braking system (ABS) is triggered. In this paper, a novel semi-brake-by-wire system, without the use of a pedal simulator and fail-safe device, is proposed. In order to compensate for the hysteretic characteristics of the designed brake system while ensure braking reliability and fuel economy when the ABS is triggered, a novel switching compensation control strategy using sliding mode control is brought forward. The proposed strategy converts the complex coupling braking process into independent control of hydraulic braking and regenerative braking, through which a balance between braking performance, braking reliability, braking safety and fuel economy is achieved. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy is effective and adaptable in different road conditions while the large wheel slip rate is triggered during a regenerative braking course. The research provides a new possibility of low-cost equipment and better control performance for the regenerative braking in the EV and the hybrid EV.     

基于制动意图的电动汽车复合制动系统制动力分配策略研究

文中对制动意图的识别和不同制动意图所要求的不同的制动力分配策略进行研究.通过试验,验证了制动意图识别算法和制动力分配策略的可行性和有效性,为复合制动系统的应用奠定了基础.     

电动汽车再生制动的滑移率控制

以不改变电动汽车原有机械制动系统结构和控制方式为前提,提出一种并联式混合制动滑移率控制方法.该方法明确划分了再生制动控制和原有机械制动控制的作用工况.将再生制动控制转化为滑移率规划和控制两个问题,并设计了滑模控制器.分析和仿真结果显示,在不同强度、不同方式及存在参数不确定性下制动,该方法都可以实现再生制动和机械制动的准确控制及平顺过渡.     

纯电动汽车制动能量回收系统关键技术现状分析

文章以制动能量回收控制策略为核心,展开制动能量回收系统关键技术现状分析。首先重点阐述制动能量回收前后轴制动力与电-液制动力分配原则与技术要点。其后提出电机性能、储能装置性能状态、再生制动系统结构、行驶工况四类关键因素对制动能量回收的影响,并对其关键技术的研究现状进行综合分析。最后提出制动能量回收系统未来的研究方向。