某大型油码头靠泊小油船兼容性设计

目前大型油船码头大都只能靠泊大型油船用以卸油,在靠泊小型油船装油时往往不能满足靠泊要求。文中论述了将蝶形布置的码头适当变形以及采用靠船墩加上靠船桩簇形式,不仅在主要结构部分可以满足小型油船的靠泊,在系缆墩部位也可满足靠泊小型油船的要求。     

Valuing cargo flexibility in oil transportation

The seaborne oil transportation market is served by two main types of vessels—crude oil tankers and product tankers. Product tankers are designed to move refined oil products, yet they can also opportunistically carry ‘dirty’ products such as crude and heavy fuel oil, subject to the cost of tank cleaning when re-entering the clean products trade. We apply an entry-exit real option model with a stochastic freight rate differential to derive optimal triggers for switching between the two cargo types and estimate the value of the switching option. We show that the value of active switching has grown over time, and generally exceeds the additional construction cost of a product tanker. Our findings are important both from a practical point of view and for our understanding of market integration in the tanker freight market. Specifically, shipowners can use our model as a basis for optimizing chartering policy for clean product tankers. We also show that there are periods where the dirty market is persistently stronger, and discuss the possible reasons for such apparent inefficiencies.     

关于原油船油舱清洗时的静电问题

油船原油卸完后需清洗油舱,无论是用热水冲洗,还是用蒸汽蒸舱后再用热水冲洗,油舱空间内均会产生静电,并由此可能引发油舱爆炸事故。首先介绍对７艘原油船１７个油舱进行冲洗时的静电测试结果。结果验证了,清洗油舱时,油舱空间内确会产生大量的带电油水雾,甚至产生飘动的带电油水雾云团。然后介绍清洗油舱时静电放电规律和防患措施。     

谈小型油船利用双层底舱装运货油违章行为处置

文中分析了部分小型油船利用双层底舱装运货油为多赚运费的违章行为,指出了违章原因,并提出了相应的建议。     

我国油船过驳法律制度的建设

随着原油进口量的不断攀升,油船过驳近年来在我国得到迅猛发展。油船过驳在解决大型油轮与码头、航道限制的矛盾,加快港口周转等方面均起到了积极作用,但由于缺乏完善的法律制度和有效的管理方法,油船过驳存在着极大的风险。文中结合IMO油轮过驳法律制度的发展情况,浅析了我国目前的油船过驳现状和存在的问题,探讨了建立IMO油船过驳国际法律于我国的重要性,并提出相关的建议。     

化学品/成品油船自动化系统设计

结合19 000 dwt化学品/成品油船的设计,从系统基本原理及构成上,简要介绍了主推进装置、电站管理、船舶控制系统、阀门遥控与液位测量、变频货油泵、液货舱加热和有毒液货蒸汽回收等方面的自动化设计,探讨了此类船型的自动化系统特点及发展方向。     

绿色油船发展趋势分析

以油船防污染为切入点,深入探讨单壳油船到双壳油船,再到共同规范时代油船的产生、发展变化,对未来绿色船舶发展浪潮中油船发展趋势进行分析,并针对业界应对绿色油船发展提出建议。     

30万吨FPSO单点系泊系统整体吊装技术研究

FPSO是集油气处理加工、发电、供热、原油产品的储存和外输、人员居住和生产功能于一体的浮式生产储油装置.FPSO通过特殊的系泊系统长期系泊在海上,20年不解脱,能抵御百年一遇的环境条件.通过有限元技术对渤海二期蓬莱19-3油田30万吨FPSO单点系泊系统进行整体吊装仿真分析,从而确定整体吊装方案,实现该特殊结构一次性吊装就位.     

油船液货舱透气系统动力学有限元分析

针对油船液货舱透气系统动力学通用计算方法存在的局限性,在现有船舶规范允许的范围内,提出采用气体大压差流动理论与管网有限元方法相结合的新计算方法,并以实例展示了该算法在透气系统设计和液货操作上的应用价值.     

超大型油船新型防泥沙设计

压载舱中的泥沙不仅会对船舶双层底产生额外载荷,还会加速底部构件腐蚀,妨碍检查,而清除淤泥一直是令船东和船员们头痛的难题。文章主要介绍应用于超大型油船VLCC的4种新型防泥沙设计概念,并分析这些设计对船舶设计、审核和建造的影响,重点关注了防泥沙设计中涉及的船体梁设计载荷和局部强度。     

原油油船货油舱防腐蚀的最新发展

文中介绍了原油油船货油舱涂层或防腐蚀标准，展示了日本和挪威对本修正案的应对措施，就中国的应对措施进行了分析，并对原油船货油舱在海事监管方面提出几点建议。     

沪东型巴拿马油轮船型研究

介绍沪东型巴拿马油轮在国际航运市场上的需求情况和船舶主尺度分析，船体设计以及航运经济性，接着介绍该船体线型优化设计；设计了两个球 球尾线型，在上海船研所拖曳水池分别进行船模阻力、自航试验及尾部伴流场测试和尾部节能装置节能试验研究。     

Compensation issues under the Bunkers Convention

Oil tankers are not the only vessels that cause oil pollution damage at sea. Numerous spills at sea have been of heavy fuel oil from non-tankers. The international system of civil liability and compensation established after the Torrey Canyon incident covers only oil pollution damage caused by oil tankers. There was thus a need to bring the law on marine oil pollution up-to-date by extending liability and compensation to all sea-going vessels. In March 2001, the Bunkers Convention was adopted at a Diplomatic Conference at the IMO; it has not yet come into force. This paper focuses on the discussion of compensation issues under the Bunkers Convention. It analyses the relevant provisions, the impacts of components such as compulsory insurance on the availability of compensation under the Bunkers Convention. Suggestions on other compensation sources are also given in this paper.     

A case study related to the improvement of working and rest hours of oil tanker deck officers

Navigation safety on coastal waters is an extremely important issue. Fatigue is an important factor threatening navigation safety. Considering that the vessel type is an oil tanker, such a threat is not posed only to the crew but also to the environment. Most of the tankers navigating coastal waters are in the small tanker category. Therefore, this study examined the working and resting hours of the deck officers in the oil tankers navigating coastal waters. The study utilized the ISF Watchkeeper 3 program for assessing and interpreting the working periods. The study reached the conclusion that the first and second officers in particular are working under unsuitable conditions. To improve the working conditions of the deck officers, effects of additional cargo officer on board was investigated. This study is in quality of recommendation. The study elucidated that the cargo officer practice determines the working and resting hours of deck officers, in the work on the oil tankers, and compliance with the related conventions.     

Supply and demand of new oil tankers

This paper examines the world-wide supply and demand for new oil tankers. A simultaneous supply and demand model is developed and estimated using two-stage least squares techniques and empirical data from 1972 to 1983. The relationships between tanker newbuilding orders and prices, and other relevant market factors are analysed. Major factors affecting the tanker new building market are identified. The results indicate that: oil price and second-hand tanker price are predominant factors influencing future newbuilding demand; a moderate decrease in laid-up tonnage would not induce a significant increase in newbuilding orders; shipbuilding capacity is a more influential factor for the short-run supply of new tankers than shipbuilding cost. Technological change has also played an important role in the market.     

油船货油舱超压/真空保护系统的设计

以一艘9000t油船货油舱超压/真空保护系统的设计和计算过程,介绍了运载闪点低于60℃的油船货油舱超压/真空保护系统的设计思路和方法,并对运载闪点低于60℃的油船货油舱超压/真空保护系统的设计特点、高速P/V阀的选型及系统的主要性能等做了探讨。     

6艘成品油船轴系故障分析与对策

介绍了某船东６艘９５００／８５００ＤＷＴ级成品油船轴系故障情况及对此进行的故障分析，以及为根除故障提出的解决措施。同时也介绍了作者提供的分析怀改进设计报告在船东与船舶建造厂及有关外国船级社关于船舶轴系故障的谈判中所起到的关键作用。     

镇海算山码头#7泊位改造工程的论证复核

介绍镇海算山码头#7泊位5万吨级成品油码头兼靠10万吨级油轮的改造设计。对泊位长度、靠泊设施间距、泊位作业标准和平面水域等进行全面论证,对码头水工建筑物的设计荷载、结构内力进行复核计算。本着投资少、工期短、施工简单和对生产影响小的原则,提出对码头上的登船梯、系船设施等进行必要的改造,以满足兼靠10万吨级油轮的需要。     

小型液货船惰性气体系统最新动向

防止油船和化学品船火灾及爆炸事故一直是IMO关注的问题,同时也是油轮公司和化学品船公司日常安全管理的重点之一。液货船(包括油船、化学品船和液化气体船)在海上航行或在货物操作期间,可能发生各种不可预测的因素,存在着很多巨大的火灾或爆炸危险性。为确保安全,避免航行及货物操作期间各种不可预测因素的影响,只有在液货船,如油船上安装惰性气体系统,并对船员作全面培训,才能减少甚至防止事故的发生。     

Replacement of very large and ultra large crude carriers

The technical and economic conditions of World War II that led to the building of Liberty vessels and compared with those that led to the building of the present very large and ultralarge crude carries (VLCCs and ULCCs) for the purpose of revealing similarities that could indicate when a massive replacement of the existing large tankers is to be expected. The Liberties were replaced within a relatively short time by ships of twice their efficiency and in a situation where transport demand was growing and insurance premiums for old vessels greatly increased. International rules and regulations played on great role. The development of tankers has not produced ships that from an economical point of view are markedly better than previously existing vessels; the demand for tankers has not increased during the last 15 years; the insurance coasts of existing tankers have increased only moderately; and the introduction of new international and national rules for tanker design have made it worthwhile to conserve existing vessels. Although there is a similarity in age distribution between the Liberties and the VLCCs and ULCCs, the situation of the two categories of vessel is otherwise so different that a demand for a VLCC and ULCC replacement of the same magnitude as was experienced for the Liberties cannot be expected.