船舶主机冷却水余热利用改造技术

该项目通过对船舶柴油机冷却水进行回收利用,采用管路与液货舱加热系统连通,不断循环提升至适当温度后对船舶所载货物进行加热和保温。通过对其机舱主机冷却管路、液货舱管路进行改造,新增循环水舱两个,安装循环水泵等相应设备,以使主机冷却水能够进入液货舱加热管路并形成闭式循环,从而不断地对主机进行冷却,对货物进行保温或加热,达到了节能减排的目的。     

直喷柴油机燃用纯生物柴油的试验研究

文章研究了在S195柴油机上进行了燃用生物柴油的负荷特性试验。研究的主要内容包括:一、燃用生物柴油对柴油机性能与排放特性的影响;二、改变柴油机供油提前角和喷油压力,研究发动机性能与排放的变化关系。结论包括:生物柴油能大大降低烟度的排放,并能在一定程度降低CO排放,但生物柴油油耗率和NOx排放较柴油高。由于生物柴油与柴油的理化特性有所不同,通过调整供油提前角和喷油压力的试验,得出了在S195柴油机上燃用生物柴油能获得较好的经济性与排放性的喷油压力和供油提前角。     

6135Z型CNG发动机性能预测

本文主要模拟了由6135Z柴油机改装的天然气发动机的缸内工作过程,并对改装前后的性能进行了对比,进而分析了改装后天然气发动机后动力性下降的原因,指出了适当提高压缩比和增大点火提前角可以使CNG发动机的动力性能提高。     

船用柴油机12PA6B超负荷性能试验研究

我国船用柴油机功率标准规定柴油机应能够在超负荷功率(即110%标定功率)下连续运转。超负荷工况各参数变化可以反映柴油机的整体性能,是船用柴油机负荷试验的重要工况点。本文通过陕柴重工生产的12PA6B柴油机的负荷试验,研究证实该机型在超负荷工况下能保持较低的燃油消耗率和烟度排放,以及较高的功率和扭矩输出。     

如何降低隧道无轨施工方案中柴油机有害气体的排放

隧道施工中，无轨施工方案的工程机械均采用柴油机作动力，因隧道内作业空间有限，环境恶劣，柴油机排放的废气污染严重，对工人的身体健康有危害，因此本文提出了几种可改善柴油机工作性能、降低有害物排放的方法。     

闭式冷却水热交换器故障原因分析与改进

针对方家山核电厂所在海域海水水质状况,通过设备故障分类和统计,总结了常规岛闭式冷却水系统板式热交换器和折流板热交换器的故障模式,并进行了原因分析。在系统布置、设备结构和适用水质等方面,对3种热交换器进行了对比,举例说明了同类型机组闭式冷却水系统板式热交换器运行成本。最终将闭式冷却水热交换器的板式方案改进为折流杆热交换器。实际运行证明,SRI系统热交换器的改进效果明显,对同类型机组板式热交换器的改进提供参考。     

船用柴油机NOx排放控制技术

本文简要介绍了船用柴油机的排放法规和现阶段国内外船用柴油机降低NOx排放的最新技术及其应用情况,并对满足未来超低排放法规的船用柴油机NOx排放控制技术进行了展望。     

轨道交通地下车站循环冷却水系统设计的探讨

提出地下车站循环冷却水系统设计中几个值得注意的问题,对冷却水系统的选择、冷却塔水量指标的选择与系统水力计算、冷却塔的选型与工艺布置等技术要求进行初步的探讨。     

涡轮增压器与柴油机的匹配分析

文章选取适当的柴油机增压器,利用计算法确定增压器增压参数,并通过AVL-BOOST软件建立柴油机增压模型,对发动机与涡轮增压器的匹配进行仿真,并且对匹配结果进行分析。结果表明,该软件进行增压器与柴油机的匹配仿真是比较好的,也说明了所选择的增压器是比较适合所匹配柴油机的。     

6135Z型柴油机CO和NO排放预测

预测柴油机有害排放,是降低柴油机有害排放的前提。本文建立了化学平衡计算模型、三区燃烧模型和NO排放模型,预测6135Z型柴油机按照负荷特性运行时生成CO和NO的特点及其排放浓度,并与实测的排放数据进行对比,结果表明二者吻合较好,可以为柴油机排放控制措施的选择提供一定的依据。     

Experimental analysis of exhaust gas after treatment system using water scrubbing in a single cylinder diesel engine for diesel and biofuel blends

A low-cost exhaust gas after treatment system called water-scrubbing is attempted in this paper. An emission treatment setup is fabricated, which is installed in the exhaust of the engine. This takes the exhaust gas and sprays water in the exhaust and passes it through the chamber containing silica gel. An attempt is made to investigate experimentally the performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine, with and without water injection at the exhaust using diesel fuel (DF), diesel-Karanja oil blend (DKB) and diesel-Jatropha oil blend (DJB). The exhaust gas after treatment system helps to reduce NOx, CO and Particulate matter. The performance of the engine has also been monitored to determine whether the engine has any decrease in performance when the setup is used and it is found that there is no change in the engine performance.     

Thermodynamic,environmental and economic analysis of absorption air conditioning unit for emissions reduction onboard passenger ships

In this paper, the waste heat of exhaust gases and jacket cooling water in marine diesel engines are analyzed to operate the absorption refrigeration unit (ARU). Thermo-economic and environmental analysis of the absorption refrigeration cycle operated with the two heat sources that use lithium bromide as an absorbent is carried out. The analysis is performed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software package where the thermodynamic properties of the steam and the LiBr-water mixtures are provided. The used EES code is verified by published experimental data. As a case study, high speed passenger vessel operating in the Red Sea area has been investigated. The results show that a considerable specific economic benefit could be achieved from ARU jacket cooling water operated over that gained from main engine exhaust gases. Environmentally, applying ARU machine during cruise will reduce the annual fuel consumption for the diesel generators by 156 ton with a reduction percentage of 23%. This will reduce the exhaust gas emissions by 6.3% from the applied main engine emissions. In addition, this will result in reducing NO_x, SO_x, and CO₂ emissions with cost-effectiveness of 4.99 $/kg, 13.18 $/kg, and 0.08 $/kg, respectively.     

Environmental effect of CI engine using microalgae methyl ester with doped nano additives

Algae are organisms that grow in marine environments and use carbon dioxide and light to create bio-mass. There are two groupings of algae: microalgae and macroalgae. Macroalgae are the large, multi-cellular algae often seen growing in ponds. Microalgae, on the other hand, are tiny, unicellular algae that normally grow in suspension within a body of water. Algae oil from microalgae has the possible to become a sustainable fuel source as biodiesel. Microalgae are produced through photosynthesis by utilizing sunlight, water, carbon dioxide and other nutrients. The Botryococcus braunii algal oil was extracted by mechanical extraction method. The transesterification reaction of Botryococcus braunii algal oil with methanol and base catalyst was used for the production of biodiesel. The samples B20 were prepared for each methyl ester obtained from Botryococcus braunii algal oil separately and then the doping of TiO₂ and SiO₂ nanoparticles were added to the each B20 blend samples at a dosage of 50 ppm and 100 ppm with an aid of ultrasonicator. Moreover, in the absence of any engine modifications, the performance and emission characteristics of those blend samples have been investigated from the experimentally measured values such as density, viscosity, calorific value, etc. while the engine performance was also analyzed through the parameters like BSFC, BTH, exhaust emission of CO, HC, NOx and CO₂. The experimental results reveal that the use of biodiesel blend with nano additives in diesel engine has exhibited good improvement in performance characteristic and reduction in exhaust emissions.     

Experimental investigation of evaporation rate and exhaust emissions of diesel engine fuelled with cotton seed methyl ester and its blend with petro-diesel

An experimental study to measure the evaporation rates, engine performance and emission characteristics of cotton seed biodiesel (cotton seed oil methyl ester) and its blends in different volumetric proportions with diesel is presented. The thermo-physical properties of all the fuel blends have been measured and presented. Evaporation rates of neat cotton seed biodiesel, neat diesel and their bends have been measured under slow convective environment of air flowing with a constant temperature. Evaporation constants have been determined by using the droplet regression rate data. The neat fuels and fuel blends have been utilized in a test engine with different load conditions to evaluate the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of the fuels. The specific fuel consumption values of the two blends, viz. B25 and B75 are found to be same. At the highest load, B0 records the lowest CO volume followed by B100. From the observed evaporation, performance and emissions characteristics, it is suggested that a blend of B50 and B75 can be optimally used in standard diesel engine settings.     

Correcting injection pressure maladjustments to reduce NOX emissions by marine diesel engines

Emissions from the exhausts of marine diesel engines comprises several different gases including NO_X. These are currently regulated at the international level under Regulation 13 of ANNEX VI of MARPOL 73/78, but this regulation only applies to new engines and is based on bench tests, for only a single engine designated the “parent engine”. Here, the need to take measurements from across their whole range and once in operation on board a vessel is examined. This would not only improve assessment of new equipment against the current regulation, but would also detect defects in the functioning of the engine.     

电力推进技术在渡船中的应用

近年来,国家陆续出台了关于长江生态保护的相关文件。随着电力推进技术在节能减排方面的优势显现,常规动力渡船存在的问题显而易见,如较长传动轴增加了能量损耗,降低了能源效率;柴油机的响应较慢,影响船舶的机动性;柴油机的燃烧不充分导致燃油的过多消耗,以及柴油机直驱渡船的动力推进装置占据了机舱的大部分空间。本文结合电力推进渡船的应用情况,针对上述常规推进渡船的缺点,对船舶动力系统进行了改进,采用全回转电力推进取代原先柴油机直驱,电站采用高压共轨电喷式柴油机带动发电机发电,经整流实现直流组网后,统一为全船提供动力和日常用电。     

The impact of marine engine operation and maintenance on emissions

This paper examines the role of marine engine maintenance in reducing pollution. It tests four marine diesel engines, one constructed prior to January 1, 2000 and three after 2000. This paper explains how the condition of an engine’s nozzles and faulty injection pressure significantly influence NO_x and CO emissions and describes both bench and onboard ship tests, on engines fitted with new or worn nozzles at different injection pressures. The tests showed that, when the engine constructed prior to 2000 operates under normal in-service conditions, the emissions are within limits, but, with a small fault in injection timing, the NO_x emissions exceed the limits. For the engines constructed after 2000, a fault in the maintenance of the nozzles increases the CO emissions to a high level.     

金属波纹管在柴油机排气系统中的应用

根据柴油机排气管道系统的具体应用要求,对金属波纹管设计技术、导流套设计技术、组件制造技术进行研究.确定了多层薄壁密波的波纹管结构,翻边免焊的连接工艺,导流套的选型及设计原则,最终使金属波纹管满足国内大功率柴油机排气系统的应用要求.     

Effect on direct injection naturally aspirated diesel engine characteristics fuelled by pine oil,ceiba pentandra methyl ester compared with diesel

This paper explores the experimental investigation of the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of bio fuels from ceiba pentandra methyl ester (CPME), ceiba pentandra methyl ester-pine oil blends (CPMEP) and pine oil and the results are compared with diesel. In ceiba pentandra seed oil the CPME yield is 92% by using transesterification process with the optimum conditions of 560 rpm, reaction time 58 min, catalyst concentration 13 g and methanol amount 500 ml. The viscosity of CPME is high when compare with diesel. So the low viscosity of pine oil is blended with CPME and it can be directly used in diesel engine without any modification. At different loads the Pine oil, CPME and CPMEP blends were used in direct injection naturally aspirated compression ignition engine. The outcomes exhibited that at full load conditions for CPME and CPMEP blends increased brake specific fuel consumption, and decreased brake thermal efficiency, CO, HC emissions. NOx emissions decreased and smoke emissions are increased on CPME and CPMEP blends, expect B25 blend compared with diesel. The combustion analysis like the heat release rate, peak cylinder pressure, cumulative heat release rate and ignition delay for CPME, CPMEP blends slightly lower and combustion duration higher than diesel and pine oil. At the Same engine operating condition, the engine fuelled with pine oil the values of brake thermal efficiency 4.79%, peak cylinder pressure, heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate and ignition delay are increased. Brake specific fuel consumption, CO, HC, and smoke were 9.46%, 16.66%, 14.89% and 8.33% decreased. However, the NOx emission is 8.29% higher than that of diesel. Experimental fuels up to B50 (50% pine oil and 50% CPME) blends have proved good potential for future energy is needed.