2013,天然气车用年

据安迅思调研,近年来国内车辆"油改气"、新LNG汽车投入市场发展较快,尤其是2013年进展迅猛.截至2013年4月底,各大液化天然气汽车生产商已售出LNG汽车约9.3万辆,较去年年底增加约30.99％;越来越多的车辆使用LNG(液化天然气)、CNG(压缩天然气)等替代能源,普通汽油和柴油等传统车用能源受到挤压;此外,甲醇汽油和乙醇汽油也占据了一定的市场份额.安迅思预计,2013年车用燃料将呈现多元化发展,普通汽柴油的消费将受到影响.     

我国液化天然气汽车发展前景的探讨

日益严重的环境问题与能源危机促使人们不断加大对车用发动机替代燃料的研究力度,燃气汽车因其经济性与环保性在替代燃料汽车中备受关注。本文比较了各种燃气汽车的特性,认为液化天然气汽车的综合性能优于目前的压缩天然气与液化石油气汽车,为此着重分析了液化天然气汽车在我国汽车领域推广的可行性和必要性。在分析的过程中,我们对加气站与技术标准等问题也进行了简要阐述。     

车用乙醇汽油使用常识问答

根据国家对车用乙醇汽油推行政策的确认,目前使用乙醇汽油的车辆越来越多,但好多驾驶员对车用乙醇汽油不了解,在换用乙醇汽油后出现这样或那样的问题。为便于广大汽车、摩托车驾驶人员了解和掌握有关乙醇汽油的使用。特介绍一点乙醇汽油的使用知识。     

天然气汽车储气方式研究

通过天然气和汽油用作汽车燃料的对比，可看出用天然气作为车用燃料的可行性和必要性；分析了当前汽车用天然气的3种储气方式：液化天然气、压缩天然气和吸附天然气，并比较3种储气方式的优缺点。     

车用乙醇汽油的使用及故障排除

使用车用乙醇汽油的必要性目前,世界能源紧张,环境污染加剧,美国、日本、中国和巴西等国家在部分汽车上率先使用了车用乙醇汽油（以下简称乙醇汽油）,并将乙醇汽油列为主要开发项目之一。无疑,乙醇汽油的推广使用对解决我国能源紧张、减少环境污染、转化陈化粮、稳定农民收入、增加就业机会等方面将起到积极的作用。     

车用乙醇汽油的蒸发排放试验研究

在排放80000km耐久试验前后对车用乙醇汽油和93#汽油的蒸发污染物排放进行对比测量,研究车用乙醇汽油对燃油蒸发污染物排放的影响一结果表明,试验所用的车用乙醇汽油对目前汽车的蒸发污染物排放控制系统具有良好的适应性.     

车用乙醇汽油使用常识简介

2004年2月，国家发展改革委等8部门联合制定颁布了《车用乙醇汽油扩大试点方案》和《车用乙醇汽油扩大试点工作实施细则》。这次车用乙醇汽油扩大试点工作涉及到9个省(黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河南、安徽、河北、山东、江苏和湖北)，其中吉林省是在全境范围内推广使用车用乙醇汽油，其市场覆盖率已达到100％，从E90号到E97号车用乙醇汽油替代了所有在用车汽油品种。下面一组文章是吉林省运输管理局程滨等8位同志在车用乙醇汽油扩大试点工作结束后，总结车用乙醇汽油使用经验的基础上撰写的，现刊出，以便交流，以期促进车用乙醇汽油的推广应用。     

《变性燃料乙醇》、《车用乙醇汽油》国家标准发布实施

《变性燃料乙醇》、《车用乙醇汽油》两项国家标准近日发布实施。这将为我国积极、稳妥地推广使用车用乙醇汽油,规范两种产品的生产、混配、使用和质量监督起到技术保证作用。 变性燃料乙醇、车用乙醇汽油是我国即将在汽车用燃料推广使用的一种特殊产品。根据《中华人民共和国标准法》规定,两项国家标准为强制性国家标准。     

由乙醇汽油引起的典型故障分析

我国车用乙醇汽油的试点及推广工作于2001年开始，现已扩大到10余省范围。随着乙醇汽油在我国的普遍应用，由乙醇汽油引起的故障案例也逐渐增多。本文通过两个典型的故障实例，分析由使用乙醇汽油引起的故障原因，供广大汽车维修人员参考借鉴。     

浅析乙醇汽油在摩托车上的应用

对乙醇汽油在摩托车上的应用做了分析研究,介绍了车用乙醇汽油的腐蚀性、溶胀性、动力性及清洗性。对乙醇汽油的动力性和溶胀性进行了试验和试验结果分析。试验证明,必须对普通摩托车做适应性调整之后才能使用乙醇汽油。     

Effect of various LPG supply systems on exhaust particle emission in spark-ignited combustion engine

The particle size distribution and particle number (PN) concentration emitted by internal combustion engine are a subject of significant environmental concern because of their adverse health effects and environmental impact. This subject has recently attracted the attention of the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP). In 2007, the UN-ECE GRPE PMP proposed a new method to measure particle emissions in the diluted exhaust of automotive engines and a regulation limit (<6.0×10¹¹ #/km, number of particles). The specific PN regulation of spark-ignited combustion engine will be regulated starting on September 1, 2014 (EURO 6). In this study, three types of LPG supply systems (a mixer system and a multi-point injection system with gas-phase or liquid-phase LPG fuel) were used for a comparison of the particulate emission characteristics, including the nano-sized particle number density. Each of the three LPG vehicles with various LPG injection systems contained a multi-cylinder engine with same displacement volumes of 2,000 cm³ and a three-way catalytic converter. The test fuel that was used in this study for the spark-ignited combustion engine was n-butane basis LPG fuel, which is primarily used for taxi vehicles in Korea. The characteristics of nano-particle size distribution and number concentration of particle sizes ranging from 20 to 1,000 nm (aerodynamic diameter) that were emitted from the three LPG vehicles with various LPG supply systems were investigated by using a condensation particle counter (CPC), which is recommended by the PMP under both the NEDC and FTP-75 test modes on a chassis dynamometer. The experimental results indicate that the PN emission characteristics that were obtained by the CPC system using the PMP procedure are sufficiently reliable compared to other regulated emissions. Additionally, the sources of PN emissions in ascending order of magnitude are as follows: mixer type, gas-phase LPG injection (LPGi) and liquid-phase LPG injection (LPLi) passenger vehicles. The liquid-phase LPG injection system produced relatively large particle sizes and number concentrations compared to the gaseous system, regardless of the vehicle driving cycle. This phenomenon can be explained by unburned micro-fuel droplets that were generated due to a relatively short homogeneous fuel-air mixture duration in the engine intake manifold. Also the particle number emissions from the LPG vehicle were influenced by the vehicle driving cycle.     

液化石油气汽车技术的发展与应用

介绍了液化石油气(LPG)汽车改装技术及发展状况,分析了其性能特点和排放效果,提出了加快我国LPG电控喷射技术发展的必要性。在LPGV技术的发展中,首先,介绍了车用LPG混合气系统(第一代)。其次,介绍了电子控制车用LPG气化器系统(第二代)。最后,介绍了车用LPG电控喷射系统(第三代)。     

Effect of fuel choice on nanoparticle emission factors in LPG-gasoline bi-fuel vehicles

Nanoparticle and gas-phase emission factors are presented for a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) passenger vehicle and are compared to gasoline operation. A bi-fuel LPG-gasoline vehicle certified for use on either fuel was used as the test vehicle so that a direct comparison of the emissions could be made based on fuel choice. These values were considered along with previous studies to determine the relative change in particulate emissions due to fuel choice over a wide range of vehicles and operating conditions. The vehicle examined in this study was tested on a chassis dynamometer for both steadystate and transient conditions. Transient test cycles included the US FTP72 driving cycle, Japanese driving cycle and modified Indian driving cycle while steady-state tests were done at vehicle speeds ranging from 10–90 km/hr in various transmission gears. Exhaust particle size distributions were measured in real-time using a differential mobility spectrometer (DMS50), and particle number and particle mass emission factors were calculated. For both fuels, the majority of the particles ranged from 5 to 160 nm in terms of particle diameter, with typically more than 85% of the particles in the nucleation mode (between 5–50 nm). In most cases, the vehicle produced a greater fraction of larger (accumulation mode) particles when fuelled on LPG. Using the data in the literature as well as the data in the current study, gasoline fuel produces 4.6 times more particles in terms of number and 2.1 times more particles in terms of mass.     

不同动力电池新能源货运配送车辆节能减排绩效评价研究

为研究新能源货运车辆装配不同动力电池对节能减排的影响,选取某款新能源货运配送车辆为研究对象,利用GaBi软件建立了3种常用动力电池的整车生命周期评价模型,从原材料获取、生产制造、装配、运行使用、报废回收5个阶段进行节能减排差异分析,并对全球变暖潜值 （Global Warming Potential,GWP） 等环境影响类型进行归一化处理和量化计算处理。结果表明,分别装配3种电池整车的化石能源消耗以煤炭为主、环境排放以CO2为主;纯电动汽车的能源消耗、污染物排放集中在运行使用阶段;综合比较,装配了三元锂电池的整车,其全生命周期节能减排效果最佳,装配了锰酸锂电池的整车则表现最差。加大清洁能源的使用力度、减少用于电力生产的化石能源消耗、提高回收率等措施,可以显著减少污染物排放。     

Numerical Analysis of the Mixture Formation in a Two-Stroke Wall-Guided LPG DI Engine for Extended-Range Electric Vehicle

The use of automotive LPG characteristics which are easy to evaporate vaporization and carry. The paper presents a design of extended-range electric vehicle for wall-guided two stroke LPG engine with direct injection combustion system. Based on the modified vehicle LPG spray model, a database describing the characteristics of vehicle LPG fuel was built and imported into the CFD software. And the accuracy of the model is verified by the Schlieren experimental results. The concentration and velocity field of the mixture in the cylinder under different load conditions are numerically analyzed. The analyzed result indicated that the start injection time θ = 60°–70°CA BTDC under part load condition, the plug electrode near the gathering of a richer mixture is easy to be fired at spark ignition time, the obvious formation of mixture in cylinder is formed and the overall air-fuel ratio is above 40: 1. The start-transition working condition and large load conditions in the piston moves upward before closing the exhaust port to start injection LPG. The optimized LPG injection start time θ ensures that the fresh gas is locked in the cylinder when the exhaust port is closed (63°CA ABDC). In the ignition time of the spark plug, an ideal homogeneous mixture in the cylinder is realized.     

汽油／LPG双燃料轿车双点火提前角自动切换装置

汽油车改装成汽油／LPG双燃料车后，由于汽油和LPG的物化性质和燃烧特性有较大的差别，因而使用同一个点火提前角是不合理的。本文以桑 塔纳LX型轿车发动机为对象，通过台 试验得出燃用LPG时的最佳点火提前角，在原车点火系统的基础上，研制出一套能根据不同的燃料自动切换点火提前角的点火装置，该装置在台架和整车道路试验中都获得较好的结果。     

EQ6100发动机液化石油气供给系统研制

本文通过用液化石油气作为汽油机的代用燃料在东风ＥＱ６１００发动机上进行试验研究，详细介绍了单燃料系统主要部件的结构特点，发动机台架性能试验与整车道路试验结果。     

On-road chasing measurement of exhaust particle emissions from diesel,CNG, LPG,and DME-fueled vehicles using a mobile emission laboratory

We designed and applied a mobile emission laboratory for on-road measurements of exhaust particles emitted from conventional diesel, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and dimethyl ether (DME)-fueled vehicles. Fuel type and vehicle driving conditions significantly affected the particle size distribution and the number concentrations of the nucleation mode. For all buses, the size distributions of particles in the exhaust under idling conditions had larger mode diameters than at constant speed conditions of 50 km/h or 80 km/h. The nucleation mode (< 50 nm) fraction of diesel, CNG, LPG, and DME at a constant speed of 50 km/h was 53%, 63%, 79%, and 99%, respectively, indicating that the DME-fueled bus emitted the most nanoparticles. As the vehicle speed increased from 50 km/h to 80 km/h, the nucleation mode fraction of diesel, CNG, LPG, and DME changed to 43%, 99%, 99%, and 99%, representing a significant increase in the number concentrations of nanoparticles in the CNG and LPG-fueled vehicles. The particle size distributions in the exhaust of diesel, CNG, LPG, and DME-fueled vehicles were not affected by increase in the chasing distance.     

Effects of gasoline, diesel, LPG, and low-carbon fuels and various certification modes on nanoparticle emission characteristics in light-duty vehicles

This study was focused on experimental comparisons of the effects of various vehicle certification modes on particle emission characteristics of light-duty vehicles with gasoline, diesel, LPG, and low-carbon fuels such as bio-diesel, bioethanol, and compressed natural gas, respectively. The particulate matter from various fueled vehicles was analyzed with the golden particle measurement system recommended by the particle measurement programme, which consists of CVS, a particle number counter, and particle number diluters. To verify particle number and size distribution characteristics, various vehicle emission certification modes such as NEDC, FTP-75, and HWFET were compared to evaluate particle formation with both CPC and DMS500. The formation of particles was highly dependent on vehicle speed and load conditions for each mode. In particular, the particle numbers of conventional fuels and low-carbon fuels sharply increased during cold start, fast transient acceleration, and high-load operation phases of the vehicle emission tests. A diesel vehicle fitted with a particulate filter showed substantial reduction of particulate matter with a number concentration equivalent to gasoline and LPG fuel. Moreover, bio-fuels and natural gas have the potential to reduce the particulate emissions with the help of clean combustion and low-carbon fuel quality compared to non-DPF diesel-fueled vehicles.     

汽车用无石棉制动器衬片的研制

传统的汽车制动器衬片是以石棉纤维为基材经混合热压而成，但其污染环境，对新研制的无石棉（水镁石）制动器衬片进行了介绍，经台架试验和装车道路试验表明，其各项性能均满足技术条件要求，道路试验里程均达到设计里程２５０００ｋｍ。