煅烧炉用金属波纹膨胀节设计

煅烧炉工作环境为高温、高压,整个系统频繁振动,这就要求系统上安装的波纹膨胀节有很高的抗振动疲劳能力,同时波纹管材料要有很好的耐高温腐蚀性能.文中简单介绍煅烧炉用金属波纹膨胀节的工作条件、波纹管疲劳寿命提高方法、波纹管材料选择及耐应力腐蚀能力、波纹膨胀节现场应用情况等.煅烧炉用金属波纹膨胀节已应用在化工厂,产品满足现场运行要求.     

核级阀用金属波纹管性能指标及行业标准

核级阀用金属波纹管是核电站管路系统截止阀、闸阀的重要部件,但此类产品没有统一的标准规范。为了提高该类产品的设计、制造和检验水平,编制了此标准。文中介绍了新发布机械行业标准规定的主要性能指标,包括波纹管组件的典型结构、常用材料、波纹管设计、焊缝、密封性、耐压能力和循环寿命等技术要求。给出了适用可行的核级阀用金属波纹管试验方法及检验规则。     

高压组合电器用金属波纹管补偿器国家标准解析

金属波纹管补偿器主要用于设备的温度补偿和安装补偿。目前我国已研发了为80万V、110万V特高压输变电系统配套应用的波纹管补偿器产品,并已大批量应用于输变电系统中。随着输变电电压等级的不断提高,对金属波纹补偿器的设计、制造、检验水平要求也越来越高。根据波纹补偿器产品设计、制造、检验要求,编制了GB/T30092-2013。本文主要介绍该标准的设计、制造、检验要求。     

金属波纹管试验研究

应用微机控制液压伺服动静试验机和稳压压力系统等进行金属波纹管压力及位移条件下的疲劳寿命试验,并通过试验结果与软件分析结果的对比,不断改进和提高软件分析的准确度.另外,通过对3种不同材料的真实应力-应变的试验,为软件分析用的材料数据库提供了真实的材料性能参数,为金属波纹管的设计、研究提供了数据和试验验证.     

影响金属波纹管成形减薄量的主要因素

文中根据生产实践中积累的经验,总结了成形减薄量的变化规律,阐述了影响金属波纹管成形减薄量的主要因素,明确了材料伸长率、波纹管变形率、热处理、焊缝与金属波纹管成形减薄量的关系,为设计制造过程中控制成形减薄量提供了数据,为金属波纹管的批量生产及新产品的开发提供了科学依据.     

波纹管非线性有限元分析及其软件开发

着重从材料非线性和几何非线性两个方面分析了波纹管的非线性特性 ,根据有限元程序设计方法 ,编制专门的有限元分析程序 ,对波纹管进行了应力应变分析。在此基础上 ,利用VisualC 6 0与FortranPowerStation 4 0混合语言编程技术 ,开发出一套Windows环境下的波纹管有限元分析系统。通过参数化的前处理程序、非线性求解程序和Windows图形用户接口的设计 ,实现了有限元建模技术、求解技术和后处理技术的集成 ,大大提高了波纹管应力应变分析的效率。     

金属波纹管疲劳寿命的有限元分析

应用MSC.Fatigue软件,利用E-N曲线,以初始裂纹法为主要分析方法,对U型波纹管进行疲劳寿命分析,得到波纹管在各种工况下的疲劳寿命,从而进行波纹管的优化设计。主要介绍了波纹管寿命分析的一般思路及其力学原理。经试验验证：有限元法能够很好地模拟金属波纹管的疲劳寿命,精度也大大高于经验公式,同时也为波纹管寿命分析开辟了新的研究途径。     

基于有限元的金属波纹管柱失稳分析和试验研究

金属波纹管的稳定性在宇航、航空、精密仪表以及大型工程结构等领域属于关键技术指标,而且是研究难点。为了解决这类问题,文中应用MSC.Marc软件,针对典型的U型波纹管进行柱失稳研究,研究其极限失稳压力以及变形规律等。通过试验验证,有限元法的分析精度优于工程方法。将有限元法、工程设计和试验结合应用,共同进行金属波纹管柱失稳研究,能够显著提高设计精度,加快研制进程,减少研制成本,进而提高产品的综合性能与市场竞争力。     

双相不锈钢在GIS波纹管补偿器中的应用

文中介绍了GIS波纹管补偿器的设计及制造工艺。依据双相不锈钢的性能特点,分析探讨了用其设计制造GIS波纹管补偿器的可行性,并介绍了双相不锈钢波纹管管坯的焊接技术。产品检验和型式试验证明:双相不锈钢波纹管能够满足设计参数要求,与奥氏体不锈钢波纹管相比,同样的性能指标,双相不锈钢波纹管层数可大幅减少,在保证产品质量的同时,可明显降低制造成本。     

金属波纹管膨胀节在燃气管网中的应用与事故预防

金属波纹管膨胀节是城市燃气管网的重要组成构件,它的安全稳定是城市燃气安全运行的重要条件.文中对金属波纹管膨胀节在燃气管网运行中的应用进行了介绍,对膨胀节事故进行了统计与失效原因分析,并开展了相关的试验研究.针对失效原因,对在管网建设中如何选用、安装膨胀节以及随后的运行过程中如何维护管理提出了建议.     

电力推进技术在渡船中的应用

近年来,国家陆续出台了关于长江生态保护的相关文件。随着电力推进技术在节能减排方面的优势显现,常规动力渡船存在的问题显而易见,如较长传动轴增加了能量损耗,降低了能源效率;柴油机的响应较慢,影响船舶的机动性;柴油机的燃烧不充分导致燃油的过多消耗,以及柴油机直驱渡船的动力推进装置占据了机舱的大部分空间。本文结合电力推进渡船的应用情况,针对上述常规推进渡船的缺点,对船舶动力系统进行了改进,采用全回转电力推进取代原先柴油机直驱,电站采用高压共轨电喷式柴油机带动发电机发电,经整流实现直流组网后,统一为全船提供动力和日常用电。     

The role of nano additives for biodiesel and diesel blended transportation fuels

The energy crisis is due to two reasons, one is the rapid increase in worldwide population and the other is changing living style of human beings. The fossil fuel is also a major contributor to add the harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. Fuel modifications play a major role in increasing engine efficiency and reducing emissions. In the present investigation focused on fuel modifications in diesel engine. Initially the single cylinder diesel engine was operated with 20MEOM, 40MEOM, 60MEOM, 8MEOM and 100MEOM without additives with diesel at different loads at constant rated speed. From the experimental study proved that 20MEOM is the best fuel ratio compared to other blends. In second phase based upon first phase results the engine was operated 20MEOM blended fuel with adding 50 ppm copper oxide nano additives with diesel using solgel process. From the results, the brake thermal efficiency was 2.19% improved compared than 20MEOM blend without additive at full load condition. Emissions of HC, CO and smoke were considerably reduced. The present analysis reveals that the biofuel from mahua oil with nano additives is quite suitable as an alternate fuel for diesel engine.     

车用柴油机NO_x形成及控制

相对汽油发动机污染物排放,柴油发动机CO和CH的排放较低,不到汽油机的10%,但NOX排放水平却高于汽油发动机。本文重点讨论柴油发动机排气污染物中NOx的成分及危害,分析了NO的生成机理及影响因素,提出了控制柴油机NO排放的技术和方法。     

Effect on direct injection naturally aspirated diesel engine characteristics fuelled by pine oil,ceiba pentandra methyl ester compared with diesel

This paper explores the experimental investigation of the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of bio fuels from ceiba pentandra methyl ester (CPME), ceiba pentandra methyl ester-pine oil blends (CPMEP) and pine oil and the results are compared with diesel. In ceiba pentandra seed oil the CPME yield is 92% by using transesterification process with the optimum conditions of 560 rpm, reaction time 58 min, catalyst concentration 13 g and methanol amount 500 ml. The viscosity of CPME is high when compare with diesel. So the low viscosity of pine oil is blended with CPME and it can be directly used in diesel engine without any modification. At different loads the Pine oil, CPME and CPMEP blends were used in direct injection naturally aspirated compression ignition engine. The outcomes exhibited that at full load conditions for CPME and CPMEP blends increased brake specific fuel consumption, and decreased brake thermal efficiency, CO, HC emissions. NOx emissions decreased and smoke emissions are increased on CPME and CPMEP blends, expect B25 blend compared with diesel. The combustion analysis like the heat release rate, peak cylinder pressure, cumulative heat release rate and ignition delay for CPME, CPMEP blends slightly lower and combustion duration higher than diesel and pine oil. At the Same engine operating condition, the engine fuelled with pine oil the values of brake thermal efficiency 4.79%, peak cylinder pressure, heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate and ignition delay are increased. Brake specific fuel consumption, CO, HC, and smoke were 9.46%, 16.66%, 14.89% and 8.33% decreased. However, the NOx emission is 8.29% higher than that of diesel. Experimental fuels up to B50 (50% pine oil and 50% CPME) blends have proved good potential for future energy is needed.     

内河船用柴油机冷却水系统节能探讨

内河船用柴油机在工作时,其燃油经济性能、动力性能和环境性能直接受到冷却系统性能的好坏的限制。本文对内河船用柴油机冷却水系统节能进行了探讨,提出了对冷却水温度进行恒温控制必将成为冷却水系统设计的重点。     

Development of optimum friction new nano hybrid composite liner for biodiesel fuel engine

This work presents the preparation of aluminum (Al) 6061 nano hybrid composite samples reinforced with equal weight percentage of nano-ZrO₂, micro-SiC, micro-Gr particles of 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, and 3% using stir casting method. Friction characteristics of the composite samples under reciprocating conditions were studied at 125 °C using L₂₇ orthogonal array and Taguchi method. The results of analysis of variance showed the influencing parameter for friction coefficient in the order of applied load and reciprocating sliding speed, followed by sliding distance and percent reinforcement. Hence, the total combined reinforcement sample of 6.75% was found to be optimum in terms of frictional characteristics and tensile strength. It was selected to synthesize lightweight nano hybrid composite cylinder liner (NL) and to replace the present cast iron cylinder liner (CL) used in biodiesel engine application. The developed NL had a 43.75% reduced weight than the currently used CL. Neat diesel and biodiesel from Jatropha oil and its diesel blends were used as test fuels. Experimental results proved that NL improved brake thermal efficiency, in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate and reduced carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and smoke emission in comparison with the existing liner. The results also showed that emission of the oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) increased marginally with the new liner. Thus, the newly developed NL was found suitable for both diesel- and biodiesel-operated internal combustion engines.