Analysis of the Stability of the Shield Tunnel Excavation Face Considering Fluid-Solid Coupling Effect北大核心CSCD

In order to study the impacts of the transient seepage on the stability of tunnel excavation face during the installation of lining segments, the fluid-solid coupling effect based numerical model of the tunnel excavation face was developed by the finite element software PLAXIS. With adoption of the variablecontrolling approach, the influences of the depth/diameter ratio (the ratio of the buried depth to diameter of the tunnel) and the support pressure ratio (the ratio of the face support pressure to water and soil pressures ahead of the excavation face) on the face stability and ground settlement were investigated, respectively. At same time, the failure modes of the excavation face under the fluid-solid coupling analysis were also discussed. The results show that:1) the transient seepage leads to the development of the soil arching at the front of the excavation face, in which the smaller deformation at the excavation face is achieved, and so less support pressure for the face stability is allowed. While for the plastic analysis without taking into account the effect of transient seepage, a higher support pressure is required to maintain the stability of the excavation face; 2) in the fluid-solid coupling analysis, the depth/diameter ratio has less impacts on the stability of the excavation surface, but has larger impacts on the ground settlement. The larger the depth/diameter ratio, the larger the ground surface settlement and the settlement profile; 3) however, with the combination of the decrease of the support pressure and the impact of transient seepage on the settlement of ground surface, the soil arching effect in front of the excavation face is gradually reduced. The deformation zone at the ground surface is then connected with the deformed part ahead of the tunnel face to form a wedge-shaped soil sliding zone. It is also observed that the wedge-shaped body tends to have a larger funnel-shaped failure mode than that in the plastic analysis without considering the transient seepage. The results show that the transient seepage has a great impact on the stability of tunnel excavation face in the soil condition with high permeability ratio. The fluid-solid coupling analysis should be adopted to evaluate the deformation of excavation face and ground settlement. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

提高轻烃回收率的方法

针时负压法油稳定装置原设计不配套、轻烃回收率较低等问题,完善了原油稳定配套工艺,提高了轻烃回收率。通过增加外冷却系统,解决了原系统冷却量不足的问题;通过对原油稳定塔进行改装,采用尾气气提技术,提高了稳定塔效率,改善了压缩机的运行状况;通过采用进塔温度控制、系统参数调控和生产工艺流程合理调配等方法,提高了轻烃回收率和综合效益。     

Study of Controlling Measures for Existing Railway Deformation Caused by Metro Shield Tunnel Under-passing Construction北大核心CSCD

Based on the background of the first phase project of the R3 line of Jinan Rail Transit, and in view of the metro shield tunnel passing under the existing railway bridge and subgrade, this paper uses Abaqus to establish a numerical model to simulate the deformation of the existing bridge and subgrade of the Jiaoji railway line under the two conditions of non-active reinforcement and reinforcement. The results show that under the condition of no reinforcement, the maximum settlement of the top bridge on the pier is -5.88 mm, and the maximum settlement difference is 5.16 mm, which exceed the deformation control requirements of the 5 mm regarding the bridge pier of the railway with ballast track. The maximum lateral displacement and longitudinal displacement of the pier are 0.28 mm and -3.01 mm, respectively. After the reinforcement measures of the bored piles are adopted, the maximum settlement of the top bridge on the pier is -1.71 mm, and the maximum settlement difference is 1.16 mm, which fully meet the bridge pier deformation control standard. The maximum lateral displacement and longitudinal maximum displacement are -0.245 mm and -2.83 mm, respectively, which meet the requirements of the control standard. The vertical settlement of the railway subgrade is relatively small. The maximum settlement values under the two working conditions are -12.31 mm and -11.97 mm, respectively, which meet the subgrade settlement control requirement of 20 mm. It is proved that the reinforcement effect of the bored pile is good, and the reinforcement scheme is safe and feasible. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

流速对Ω形波纹管变形补偿与承载能力影响

为研究流速对Ω形波纹管变形补偿与承载能力的影响,分别采用有限单元法和有限体积法对该波纹管内的空气流动进行数值模拟,计算出不同空气流速作用下的压力载荷;将该压力载荷作用于波纹管内壁面上,采用有限单元法和有限体积法得出不同空气流速作用下Ω形波纹管的轴向刚度和最大等效应力。结果表明：Ω形波纹管的变形补偿能力随流速的增大呈增强趋势,承载能力随流速的增大呈减弱趋势,且2种数值模拟方法计算结果的相对误差小于8％。     

Research on a Calculation Method for the Damage Evaluation of the Existing Urban Tunnel Lining Structure北大核心CSCD

The operation safety of the public transport is seriously threaten by the occurrence of defects and damages in existing urban tunnels, which affects the quality of traffic, and will shorten the service life of urban tunnels. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the damages of the tunnel lining structure quickly and accurately. The damage evaluation methods of the existing urban tunnel lining structure are investigated and analyzed in this paper, and a combination method of the macroscopic evaluation of the existing damaged urban tunnel and the damage mechanism of the lining structural material is proposed. Among them, the assessment method specified in the national criterion is selected to evaluate the damages of the lining structure for the macroscopic evaluation, and the classification of tunnel health levels is optimized. Meanwhile, the damage modulus based on the elastic modulus is selected, and the concept of elastic modulus reduction rate is introduced for the mechanism of damage. Furthermore, the assumed function relationship between the health level and the damage degree of existing urban tunnels is proposed and established, which provides a new idea for structural damage assessment of existing urban tunnels. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

运营盾构隧道不同椭圆度变形情况下受力性能分析北大核心CSCD

地下结构施工不当会对邻近既有地铁盾构隧道结构产生巨大影响。文章以广州市某地铁线路下穿施工导致既有运营地铁盾构隧道产生较大变形的工程实例为背景,分析了既有隧道结构因地层损失产生不同椭圆度变形情况下管片结构的受力情况。基于工程实测数据,运用三维有限元分析软件,考虑了管片接头处的螺栓孔等细部构造,研究了管片椭圆度与结构应力状态之间的量化关系,并分析了结构的塑性变形情况及其发展趋势。结果表明:随着盾构隧道管片椭圆度的增大,结构最大主应力值与最大剪应力值均增大,且盾构隧道结构最大剪应力与椭圆度呈线性相关关系;盾构隧道结构最大主应力随椭圆度变化更加明显,与椭圆度呈非线性相关关系。     

长距离输气管道的最优输量研究

对已建成的长距离输气管道,可通过增设压气站的方法来增加管道的输量,随着压气站数的增加,管道的输量增大,管道的经济效益增加,但当输量增大到一定值时,管道的经济效益要降低,因此,长距离输气管道存在着一个使管道的经济效益最大的最优输量。以内部收益率为评价指标,分别计算各个方案的内部收益率,作出内部收益率与管道输量的关系曲线,内部收益率最大的方案所对应的输量就是长距离输气管道的最优输量。最后以一条输气管道为例进行了实例计算。     

崇文门地铁车站管幕预支护施工效应模拟分析

北京地铁五号线崇文门站下穿既有地铁一号线区间隧道,车站顶板与区间隧道底板间距2.858 m,施工中为了严格控制既有环线区间隧道的沉降,确保环线地铁运营安全,首次采用了管幕预支护技术。文章采用3D-S igm a三维有限元软件对施工效应进行模拟分析,预测车站施工引起的既有隧道的沉降量,以确定合理的管幕预支护参数及其作用效果。     

高速铁路隧道长度对压缩波波前变形的影响研究

依据一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动理论,以及黎曼变量特征线方法,在控制方程中计入瞬态摩擦项及传热项,对不同长度无碴隧道内压缩波波前变形进行数值模拟。与国外现场试验比较验证,表明本文计算方法和程序是正确的;在长隧道计算工况下,隧道长度对出口处压缩波的压力梯度影响明显,为进一步研究微压波强度提供依据。     

油气管道焊接接头的应力腐蚀及防护

焊接过程引起焊接接头组织和力学性能的不均匀性。通过研究焊接接头应力腐蚀的规律,发现焊缝比母材具有更高的应力腐蚀敏感性;焊缝硬化层越宽对应力腐蚀越敏感;工作温度越高应力腐蚀敏感电位区间越宽;适量的加入合金元素可提高焊接接头的抗应力腐蚀能力;改善介质条件也是很重要的方面。     

压实度对级配碎石弹性模量影响的试验研究

文章为了揭示压实度对级配碎石弹性模量的影响,根据级配碎石垫层弹性模量的变化规律,对级配碎石层体积与弹性模量的关系进行剖析,通过对级配碎石压实度与弹性模量关系的试验,得出级配碎石层缓解不均匀沉降后的弹性模量变化规律。     

The identification of factors influencing destination choice: An application of the repertory grid methodology

A common problem of all cognitive-behavioural models of destination choice is that of the identification of factors influencing the behaviour of interest. This paper considers the applicability of Kelly's repertory grid methodology to identify the factors influencing consumer choice of shopping centres. Firstly, some methodological issues in the assessment of the relative importance people attach to certain variables in deciding where to shop are discussed. Secondly, the main findings of an application of the repertory grid methodology are presented. The paper concludes by discussing some implications of the measurement of the determinants of choice behaviour and the construction of mathematical models of destination choice.     

高铁站功能区布局优化模型研究

为使高铁站功能区的布局更加科学合理,论文以旅客在高铁站房内的平均走行时间最少和高铁站建造成本最低为目标,综合考虑功能区的面积、长宽比例、功能区禁止重叠、流线等约束条件,构建基于多目标混合规划的高铁站功能区布局优化模型,通过算例验证了模型的有效性。该方法得出的结论可以为高铁站功能区布局的规划设计提供参考。     

地下结构抗震减震措施与研究方法探讨

由于地下结构一直被认为有较好的抗震性能,所以对其抗震减震的理论研究较少,实际工程中采取的抗震减震措施仅仅停留在经验阶段。通过对地下结构抗震减震措施及其分析方法进行研究,对目前地下结构的震害特点、抗震减震措施和理论分析方法进行了归纳总结。分析表明,地下结构的破坏过程主要受地震位移场的控制,与加速度场的关系不明显,所以应尽快修订《铁路抗震设计规范》中有关隧道抗震部分的条文;高烈度地震区的隧道抗震减震措施的耦合技术、减震机理与随机响应分析及动力可靠度的关系、洞口结构抗减震技术以及不同地震烈度下的设防长度、基础处理技术和减震层参数之间的联系等方面需加强研究。这些成果将为高烈度地震区进行的隧道设计和施工提供理论依据。     

软岩公路隧道系统锚杆概率可靠度及灵敏度分析

为了解锚喷支护中系统锚杆受力情况,判断隧道衬砌结构稳定性,确保施工安全,避免支护结构失稳带来的损失,结合工点工程地质条件,选择围岩弹性模量、衬砌厚度等作为主要随机变量,计算得到锚杆概率可靠度.利用Spearman秩相关系数对锚杆概率灵敏度进行分析,认为围岩物性参数和喷混凝土厚度是影响锚杆可靠性的主要因素.要提高锚喷支护的安全和稳定性,除保证系统锚杆施工质量外,应确保喷混凝土厚度及其施工质量.在研究段落选择任意断面埋设预制测试锚杆,对隧道周边围岩不同点位锚杆锚固力进行连续监测,获得了大量实测数据;通过绘制时态曲线和锚杆轴力图,分析得到锚杆轴力大小、横向分布及时态变化情况,从承载力角度验证了锚杆的可靠度,现场测试与概率可靠度计算结果吻合.     

Measuring network reliability: A game theoretic approach

Despite the importance of assessing the reliability of transport networks in general there is a paucity of suitable techniques. In part this is due to the fact that network performance depends both on the state of the infrastructure and on the behaviour of network users, where user behaviour is governed by expectations about the state of the network. An approach based on game theory is proposed whereby the performance of the network is estimated for the case where network users are extremely pessimistic about the state of the network. Where the routes are prespecified and route utilities depend only on exogenously given scenarios, the estimation problem may be formulated as a linear program. A reformulation of the problem as a non-linear program allows the impact of the degree of user pessimism on expected network utility to be studied. The problems of implementing the method for large networks with multiple origins and destinations is discussed and an algorithm is proposed.     

The accuracy of the multinomial logit model as an approximation to the multinomial probit model of travel demand

The multinomial probit model of travel demand is considerably more general but much less tractable than the better-known multinomial logit model. In an effort to determine the effects of using the relatively simple logit model in situations where the assumptions of probit modeling are satisfied but those of logit modeling are not, the accuracy of the multinomial logit model as an approximation to a variety of three-alternative probit models has been evaluated. Multinomial logit can give highly erroneous estimates of the choice probabilities of multinomial probit models. However, logit models appear to give asymptotically accurate estimates of the ratios of the coefficients of the systematic components of probit utility functions, even when the logit choice probabilities differ greatly from the probit ones. Large estimation data sets are not necessarily needed to enable likelihood ratio tests to distinguish three-alternative probit models from logit models that give seriously erroneous estimates of the probit choice probabilities. Inclusion of alternative-specific dummy variables in logit utility functions cannot be relied upon to reduce significantly the errors of logit approximations to the choice probabilities of probit models whose utility functions do not contain the dummies.     

旁通阀开度对清管器泄流流场影响研究

为了分析旁通阀不同开度对清管器泄流流场的影响,以可控速清管器为例,建立了清管器的流体区域泄流流场模型,利用ANSYS Fluent软件对清管器进行网格划分及流场特性的仿真分析,获得不同开度下清管器流场压力云图,并以清管器旁通阀开度作为优化对象,对上下游压差的数值模拟结果建立了Fluent拟合曲线图.分析结果表明,旁通阀...