Zambia,the TAZARA and the alternative outlets to the sea

Zambia has attempted to reduce her excessive transport dependency on her traditional transport routes via South Africa and the former Portugese colonies. The costly construction of the Tanzania‐Zambia Railway (TAZARA) was part of this diversification strategy. This article examines the nature, extent and direction of Zambian traffic, including its historical evolution. It explores further the place of TAZARA among the various routes to Mozambican, Angolan and South African ports, and the ensuing actual and potential competition. Future traffic patterns will be influenced not only by the direct and service‐oriented costs of the different lines, but also by the region's volatile and uncertain political climate.     

诠释企业用人之道

人才资源位于企业各种可支配的资源之首.人才是水,企业是舟,水可载舟,亦可覆舟.企业之间的差距从根本上说是用人的差距.     

支架法在海中箱梁现浇施工中的应用

针对海中箱梁现浇施工中的工程量大、工期紧迫、悬臂法施工不能满足工期要求和施工难度大等问题,文章结合青岛海湾大桥箱梁现浇施工实践,介绍以钢管桩支撑作为承载基础,采用贝雷梁与碗扣式支架相结合的支架,成功地解决现浇箱梁施工难题的方法。     

Problems of the carless in the United Kingdom and the United States

An examination of current population statistics shows that in the U.S. more than half of the population is without immediate access to a car, and in the U.K. more than three-fifths of the population is without access to a car. This phenomenon has been accentuated by national investment in both countries in major highway programs. The term carless refers to more than just households that own no cars. It extends, in households with cars to those without licenses (old and young), the handicapped, and even the licensed drivers who have no access to the family car when it is in use elsewhere (e.g. at work). The most severely effected are those in urban areas and especially the urban poor. Transportation expenses are limited for the poor when other family expenditures (food, shelter) take a high priority. Once the work trip has been satisfied, money for other trips, for the poor, is not always available. One solution to cost-free travel is pedestrianism (walking), but this too is difficult in urban areas where the pedestrian has been overlooked in favor of the car. Solutions to problems of the carless include dial-a-ride, better public transit, and better design of urban form.     

基于声电类比法的管系气柱固有频率的计算

基于平面波动理论与电学系统方程的等价,建立管道气柱单元声学等效电路.采用MATLAB/SIMULINKL软件,通过谐振法对气柱系统进行电路仿真,得到其各阶固有频率,并与传递矩阵法计算结果相比较,误差很小,说明采用声电类比法计算气柱固有频率是有效的.     

道路货运成本结构与通行费下调效应分析

"超限超载"的产生与发展,蕴藏着深层的内在运作机理,包含着复杂的经济社会原因.其中道路货物运输价格体系的长期扭曲失衡与成本结构的有欠合理是一个不容忽视的根本原因.为此,公路所开展了货运市场运价与成本"治超"专项研究,先后历时一个多月,行程数千公里,深入7省市运输一线,对21家典型企业和个体业户的23辆货车、24条线路进行了跟踪调查,获取了大量的第一手资料与原始数据,并对此进行了解析.     

Is it the labor unions’ fault? Dissecting the causes of the impaired technical efficiencies of the legacy carriers in the United States

Data envelopment analysis is used to evaluate the technical efficiencies of a number of major passenger airlines in the United States at transforming their inputs (labor, fuel and fleet-wide seating capacity) into available seat-miles. A tobit regression model is then used to identify the underlying drivers of airline efficiency, as measured by the data envelopment analysis efficiency score. The impact of unionization on airline efficiency is found to be statistically insignificant, controlling for the influences of other hypothesized determinants of airline efficiency: the average age of an airline’s fleet, the average size of its aircraft, its average stage length, the extent to which the airline relies of hubbing within its route structure, the percent of its passenger enplanements that are international, and whether the airline is a legacy carrier. The statistically significant drivers of airline efficiency, at a ten percent level of significance, are average aircraft size, average stage length and the extent to which the airline relies on hubbing and connecting flights within its route structure. The stage length variable is not significant at a five percent level of significance, however. An increase in average aircraft size or in average stage length enhances an airline’s efficiency whereas an increase in hubbing reduces it.     

复合式TBM在重庆地铁实践中的关键技术研究

文章通过复合式TBM在重庆轨道交通六号线工程中的应用实践,对复合式TBM的特点及其工程适应性进行了分析;对衬砌断面及其支护参数的设计、超深竖井及其支护参数的设计,以及复合式TBM穿越建筑物的施工微扰动控制设计等几大关键技术方案进行了详细阐述;明确了设计方案的合理性与先进性.     

新老路基结合部处治技术

文章分析了路基拓宽工程的主要方式和工程技术问题,提出了新老路基不协调变形的计算方法和路面结构对路基不协调变形的力学响应模式,通过建立基于不协调变形控制的路基拓宽设计理论和方法,系统地提出不同条件下的新老路基结合部处治技术及其施工控制方法,为公路路基拓宽工程的设计与施工提供了科学依据。     

Evaluating the efficiency of the Essential Air Service program in the United States

Essential Air Service (EAS) is a federally funded program in the United States that provides connecting, commercial air service between rural communities and their nearest large or medium commercial hub airport. During fiscal year 2010, $170 million dollars were spent to provide this service to 107 communities in the US. However, with significant variations in subsidies to each airport (ranging from $427,757 to $3,082,403) and marked differences in passengers served, there are serious concerns regarding the overall efficiency of the EAS program. The purpose of this paper is to use data envelopment analysis integrated in a geographic information system for evaluating service efficiencies at the community level. Policy implications and strategies to improve the EAS program are discussed.     

浅谈高速公路美丽服务区的建设思路

构建美丽服务区应以绿色、低碳、循环发展、智慧化以及满足出行用户的多元化需求为出发点,从节能建筑、清洁能源应用、污水处理及循环利用、固废处理及循环利用、生态服务、人性化服务等环节综合考虑,从而提升服务区整体形象,加强服务区设施的人性化和标准化服务管理。本文从高速公路美丽服务区构建的必要性入手,探讨了从节能建筑、清洁能源应用、污水处理及循环利用、固废处理及循环利用、生态服务、人性化服务等方面构建美丽服务区。     

川气东送天然气管道线路水合物形成预测

为了更好地预测、分析和处理水合物造成的不良后果,以川气东送管道为例讨论了天然气水合物的形成原因,提出了输气管线水合物预测模型,并建立了水合物形成预测的压力和温度计算模型,编制了“水合物预测软件”,预测该管道线路和场站的水合物形成条件和易形成水合物的区域.文中通过以上方法很好地预测了川气东送管道水合物的形成区域及情况,该预测方法可用于天然气管道线路水合物的形成预测.     

里昂都灵山底铁路隧道横通道的施工

Saint Martin La Porte(SMLT)横通道是里昂都灵山底隧道勘探作业的关键组成部分.Razel公司隧道设计部主任Eric Matuieu叙述了所遇到的极端地层条件.     

正确编制沥青路面概算有效控制高速公路投资

结合工作实际阐述了沥青路面概算编制过程、方法技巧、常见问题及处理办法。     

高压泄压阀指挥器的改进

泄压设施是石油化工装置安全保护系统的重要组成部分。对于长距离密闭输油管道,输油泵站必须设有压力保护泄放设施,防止瞬变压力对输油设备造成的危害。担负着胜利油田原油外输任务的东临复线沿线泵站的高压泄压阀出现的故障多集中在泄压阀指挥器上,经过分析调研试验后,对高压泄压阀指挥器进行了改造,利用压力开关、电磁换向阀、继电器等电器元件构成电气装置指挥器替代原设备的机械结构指挥器,保证了泄压阀的控制精度和可靠性。     

汶川震后杨家山隧道断层塌方成因及其地质雷达预研究

受汶川地震的影响,经过断层带的公路隧道在施工时更容易出现大的塌方事故.为避免造成人员伤亡和经济损失,本文以广甘高速公路杨家山隧道右洞桩号K22+624段塌方为工程背景,采用现场地质描述分析、地质雷达探测,以及编写程序的正演模拟相结合,对汶川地震过后断层带对隧道塌方的影响进行研究.结果表明,在震后断层带的影响范围内,围岩整体特性发生突变,雷达波形图中会形成强烈的反射波信号,经过后期处理,能够得到较为清晰的波形异常图,从而推测出掌子面前方可能出现塌方的情况.文章最后对地质雷达探测加以正演模拟,可有效地指导整个隧道施工过程,并取得较好的经济收益.     

紧邻有轨电车高架桥基坑施工安全保障措施

结合苏州太湖大道改造工程阳山西路隧道基坑工程,文章分析了紧邻有轨电车高架桥基坑施工时存在的风险及相应安全保证措施,研究了各主要施工工序的控制要点,并对施工期间可能出现的风险提出了针对性的应急措施,不仅可以确保基坑的安全和稳定,而且将基坑施工对高架桥的影响降到最低,安全保障措施可供类似工程参考。     

广西优先发展公共交通思路探析

文章从广西城市客运行业发展的现状出发,提出优先发展公共交通示范城市试点工程的工作思路,并在深入分析广西城市客运行业存在问题的基础上,提出了行业发展的初步设想.     

桥梁下部结构加固主要工艺

结合京福高速K30+924通道桥维修加固工程,叙述了高压喷射灌浆法、粘贴碳纤维贴片法及钢板补强法的施工工艺。     

广州地铁东山口站站台隧道扩挖修建技术

广州地铁六号线东山口站为国内首例在周边环境复杂条件下实施"先隧后站、盾构隧道扩挖"修建地铁车站的工程。文章介绍了该站左线站台隧道在盾构隧道的基础上扩挖形成地铁车站的主要修建技术及施工特点和难点。实践证明,采用盾构与明(暗)挖法相结合修建地铁车站的施工技术,是城市繁华地区修建地铁车站有效解决区间盾构隧道与车站施工相互干扰难题的重要途径。