一种天然气发动机空燃比控制策略的研究

提高电控天然气发动机的空燃比控制精度，是改善发动机经济性、动力性和降低尾气排放的关键环节。本文将模糊神经网络与PI控制技术相结合构成一种模糊神经解耦混合控制器。新控制器在控制过程中借助模糊神经网络的自学习算法实现控制参数的在线调整。将该算法应用于天然气发动机空燃比控制中，利用宽域空燃比传感技术，通过调整喷射脉宽控制发动机的空燃比，取得了较好的控制效果。     

燃油修正值分析在发动机故障诊断中的应用

发动机控制单元（ECU）对空燃比的控制是通过对喷油量（喷油脉宽）的控制来完成的。ECU在控制空燃比时可采用2种方式：开环控制和闭环控制。在空燃比开环控制中,ECU先根据发动机转速和进气量,按理论空燃比（14．7：1）计算出基本喷油量,然后结合冷却液温度、负荷等发动机实际运行条件对基本喷油量进行适当修正,以使发动机在各种运行条件下均能获得最佳空燃比,这种控制方式不对实际空燃比进行监测。     

增程发动机冷启动及稳定运行的控制策略研究

建立了电动汽车增程器系统的模块化控制仿真平台。将GT-Power中的接口模块与Simulink模块建立耦合模型，进一步通过Matlab/Simulink建立转速控制和空燃比控制模型，研究了增程发动机冷起动及稳定运行时转速和空燃比的控制策略，对比了传统 PID控制方法以及模糊 PID控制方法。结果表明，模糊 PID控制在目标转速以及空燃比的响应速度和误差方面均优于传统 PID 控制；稳定运行时，增程发动机转速保持在最佳工况点 3 000 r/min 附近，实现发动机高效节能。     

电控汽油喷射发动机瞬态过程空燃比控制

在发动机台架上对EQ491i电控汽油喷射发动机的加、减载瞬态过程的空燃比进行了测量 ,对引起瞬态过程空燃比变化的原因进行了分析 ,并通过试验研究了相应的修正控制项对空燃比的影响。研究结果表明 ,以线性表格为基础的修正方式不能完全控制瞬态过程空燃比的偏移 ,初始阶段的空燃比偏移脉冲难以避免。     

宽带型氧传感器的结构原理及故障分析

<正>一、故障现象氧传感器也称气体浓度传感器,是电控发动机控制系统中一个非常重要的传感器,其功能是通过监测排气中氧离子的含量来获得混合气的空燃比信号,并将空燃比信号转变为电信号输入发动机电子控制单元(ECU)。ECU根据氧传感器信号对喷油时间进行修正,实现空燃比(A/F)反馈控制(闭环控制),从而将空燃比控制在14.7左右(过量空气系数约为1),使发动机在最佳混合气浓度下工作,从而达到降低有害气体的排放和节油的目的。氧传感器出现故障     

喷油脉宽和燃油修正指数在油控故障诊断中的运用

发动机电子控制单元ECU对空燃比的控制是通过燃油喷射的控制来完成。发动机工作时,ECU从传感器获得空气流量等信号,计算喷油量,从而使混合气空燃比达到预先设定的最佳值。发动机工作时,如果进气系统和燃油供应系统发生故障,都会造成混合气空燃比失调。文中应用丰田皇冠3GR-FE发动机运行的仿真数据,对于上述原理进行论述。     

关于环保型发动机机动车尾气污染治理初探

<正>一环保型发动机概述环保型发动机是指安装了三元催化转化器系统,通过氧传感器反馈控制空燃比,使用微电脑对发动机工作性能及尾气排放全方位系统控制,它能精确控制空燃比。环保型发动机与化油器发动机相比具有以下先进性:1.任何工况下都能获得精确空燃比的混合气;     

一种实现组合燃烧模式闭环控制的宽域氧传感器控制器

为了降低重型增压燃气发动机燃料消耗和热负荷,并使之运行在稀薄燃烧区,设计了一种宽域氧(UEGO)传感器控制器和基于此控制器快速实现稀薄燃烧控制的方法。该控制器通过采集UEGO、发动机转速和进气压力等信号,精确计算得到当前工况下的空燃比值,并与可标定的目标空燃比值进行比较,判断当前混合气的浓稀状态,向基于理论空燃比控制的燃气发动机ECU实时输出模拟的开关型氧传感器信号。试验表明:控制器结合基于理论空燃比控制的ECU能实现燃气发动机理论空燃比燃烧和稀薄燃烧组合模式的闭环控制。     

英国凯旋摩托车E-OBD技术简介（3）

采用理论空燃比反馈控制,有些工况下是不适宜的,如发动机起动时以及刚起动未暖机时,由于发动机温度低,需要较浓的混合气,如将混合比控制在理论空燃比附近,发动机可能会熄火。又如发动机在大负荷、高速运转时,也需要较浓的混合气,否则发动机会熄火。     

基于氧传感器模型的空燃比精确控制器开发

氧传感器在发动机运行过程中由于长期使用或环境恶劣等因素将导致其信号失真,为此提出模型算法替代氧传感器实物的思路,根据模型设计理念,设计一种实现空燃比精确控制的控制器。在Matlab/Simulink环境下,搭建空燃比控制器算法模型,主要包括氧传感器信号计算模块、模式调度模块和PI控制器模块。将由空燃比算法模型所得空燃比输入氧传感器模型,得到氧传感器信号值,将该信号值反馈到PI控制器模块中,进行喷油量修正,使空燃比控制在14.7附近。试验结果表明,该控制系统在没有使用氧传感器的条件下可将空燃比精确控制在14.31~15.01范围内。与装有氧传感器的电控原机相比,排放性能相似。     

PFI汽油机空燃比控制仿真及试验研究

基于发动机台架试验,建立并标定了进气道燃油喷射单缸汽油机一维仿真模型,探索了空燃比控制的新方法。依据经典控制理论,通过所建空燃比PID控制器与参数整定,实现了稳态空燃比控制。基于x-τ油膜模型,提出了其代数控制X-Y油膜方程,分析了进气道燃油传输过程对空燃比控制的影响;通过燃油阶跃扰动法,对X,Y参数进行识别,获得了X,Y参数MAP图,构建了离散化燃油动态补偿器,实现了空燃比在瞬态工况下的前馈控制。     

Idle speed controller based on active disturbance rejection control in diesel engines

This study proposes a design for an idle speed controller to compensate for varying engine load and friction torque in passenger car diesel engines. An active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) framework, comprised of a disturbance compensator and a feedback controller, is applied to an idle speed controller to compensate for disturbances such as engine load and friction torque. In addition, a feedforward compensator is designed into the ADRC framework to improve disturbance rejection performance. The proposed controller is validated by engine and vehicle experiments and the experiment results are compared with a commercial controller.     

Robust yaw stability control for electric vehicles based on active front steering control through a steer-by-wire system

A robust yaw stability control design based on active front steering control is proposed for in-wheel-motored electric vehicles with a Steer-by-Wire (SbW) system. The proposed control system consists of an inner-loop controller (referred to in this paper as the steering angle-disturbance observer (SA-DOB), which rejects an input steering disturbance by feeding a compensation steering angle) and an outer-loop tracking controller (i.e., a PI-type tracking controller) to achieve control performance and stability. Because the model uncertainties, which include unmodeled high frequency dynamics and parameter variations, occur in a wide range of driving situations, a robust control design method is applied to the control system to simultaneously guarantee robust stability and robust performance of the control system. The proposed control algorithm was implemented in a CaSim model, which was designed to describe actual in-wheel-motored electric vehicles. The control performances of the proposed yaw stability control system are verified through computer simulations and experimental results using an experimental electric vehicle.     

车用稀燃增压单一燃料CNG发动机电控系统的研究

为深入研究 CNG发动机稀薄燃烧特性 ,进一步降低天然气发动机的有害排放 ,设计了车用增压天然气发动机电控系统。该系统采用高能点火模块来获得天然气着火所需的点火能量 ,电控喷射单元采用模糊控制器来获得比较精确的空燃比控制 ,实现对天然气发动机的顺序多点喷射。运用该系统对增压单一燃料 CNG发动机的燃烧和排放性能进行了试验研究 ,结果表明了该系统的有效性。     

System identification and attitude control of motorcycle by computer-aided dynamics analysis

System identification of the motorcycle model constructed by computer-aided dynamics analysis is introduced to design a control system for attitude stabilization of the motorcycle. The identified model can be reduced to the coupled mode system between the roll and the front steering. The front-steering control system using the roll angle is designed by H_∞ control theory, based on the reduced-order model and the full-order model, respectively. It is verified from simulation results that the motorcycle attitude against disturbance is stabilized by the H_∞ controller, and that the reduced-order controller exhibits efficient stabilization performance in comparison with the full-order controller.     

液压机械无级变速器速比自抗扰控制研究

本文中设计了一种单行星排液压机械无级变速器,并为提高其速比跟踪控制性能,提出一种带前馈的自抗扰控制算法,以实现速比的跟踪控制。首先建立系统数学模型,通过传动系统转速关系的理论分析,得到前馈控制量,进一步采用自抗扰控制器对速比进行闭环控制。接着建立系统仿真平台和原型样车,通过仿真和试验对设计的带前馈自抗扰速比控制器进行验证。结果表明:提出的自抗扰速比控制法能有效实现速比的跟踪控制,与经典PID控制相比,具有速比偏差小、响应速度快、适应性好和抗干扰能力强的优点。     

H2 optimal control of disturbance-delayed systems with application to vehicle suspensions

Optimal control of systems with time delays among disturbances, such as vehicle suspensions, is a relatively simple but long-standing problem in time-delayed control. We consider the exact H₂ optimal control of systems with time-delayed disturbances and develop a computationally efficient approach for controller synthesis. We extend the Lyapunov-based H₂ norm computation to systems with time-delayed disturbances and then derive a concise formula to explicitly evaluate the sensitivity of the system H₂ norm with respect to controller gains. Thence, a set of necessary conditions for H₂ optimal control of such systems using static output feedback are obtained in the form of algebraic equations. Gradient-based methods are adapted to optimize the controller gains. The method is also extended to reduced-order and decentralized control. As an application, a passive suspension system for an eight-DOF four-wheel vehicle is designed via structured H₂ optimization. The results are compared with those of a design based on a Pade expansion for the time delays and a design obtained by neglecting the disturbance delays.     

汽车防抱死制动系统的自抗扰控制研究

汽车防抱死制动系统（Anti-lock Braking System,ABS）的作用是确保汽车制动时行驶方向的稳定性、可靠性,但是目前仍存在非线性、时变性以及参数不确定性等问题。为保证汽车制动行驶过程中的操纵稳定性和安全性,进一步实现各工况下防抱死制动系统的优化控制,以影响整车稳定的变量滑移率为研究对象,分析所设计策略的控制效果。搭建汽车动力学模型、制动系统模型、轮胎模型和滑移率模型等主要模型,设计基于滑移率的ABS二阶非线性自抗扰控制器。运用MATLAB/Simulink软件对基于自抗扰控制（Active Disturbance Rejection Control,ADRC）的ABS制动过程和基于模糊PID控制的ABS制动过程进行仿真,对比研究最佳滑移率、载荷、水泥-冰对接路面、扰动等对制动过程中的轮速、车速以及滑移率等动态性征反映的稳定性和抗扰能力的影响,同时研究其对最终制动距离和最终制动时间反映的制动性能的影响。最后,将自抗扰控制器和模糊PID控制器装配于试验车辆的ABS,进行水泥路面和冰-水泥对接路面制动过程的实车试验。研究结果表明：基于二阶非线性自抗扰控制算法的ABS制动的最终制动距离和最终制动时间更短、制动效果更优,制动过程中的轮速、车速和滑移率在响应速度、稳定性和抗扰能力等方面均更佳;试验结果与仿真结果吻合,证明了仿真模型及其仿真结果的可行性和正确性。     

Optimal design of adaptive shaking vibration control for electric vehicles

This paper provides a complete design solution about adaptive optimal shaking vibration control for electric vehicles. A general 4-DOF and 5-order linear torsional vibration model is established under given wheel speed, and the frequency characteristics of the vibration system are elaborately analysed in terms of variation of wheel speed and different model parameters. Aiming at decreasing the shaking vibration at the least sacrifice of acceleration loss, and improving the robustness of the system against external disturbance, a combination of feed-forward and feed-backward adaptive control structure is proposed. Further, a non-linear multi-constraint optimisation problem is formulated for solving the optimal adaptive control variables within the two-dimensional design space composed of the wheel speed and driver's torque command. Furthermore, the distribution of the optimal adaptive control variables within the design space and its extended application under different tyre road conditions are discussed. Eventually, several simulation test cases are particularly designed to verify the performances of the controller on all aspects. Test results show that the optimal adaptive controller achieves satisfactory anti-shaking vibration, acceleration maintaining and robustness performances within the whole adaptive design space as desired.     

Velocity control with disturbance observer for pedal-assisted electric bikes

This paper proposes a velocity control approach for light electric bicycles with human power assistance. A disturbance observer mechanism is used to estimate the sum of the human torque and resistance torques. The resulting vehicle velocity control provides better battery energy efficiency by knowledge of the instantaneous human torque assistance and better speed control by knowledge of the instantaneous resistive torque. The disturbance observer is tuned in terms of the DC gain of a low-passed Q-filter for both open-loop and closed-loop schemes. Assuming that the slow varying nature of the disturbance has been properly estimated and compensated, the torque control law is designed via an optimal control approach to achieve multi-objective performances regarding the external disturbance input, control signal magnitude, and velocity tracking error. The three main parameters of the electric bike, including the moment of inertia, the radius of tyre and the vehicle weight are allowed to be variational. Specifically, the deviation of the inertia moment and deviation of the tyre radius are addressed during the controller design in terms of linear matrix inequalities. On the other hand, the effect of vehicle weight deviation on the system behaviour is evaluated when the vehicle is implemented with the constructed control law. Based on the parameters and specifications of the EL-168 electric bike produced by KENTFA Advanced Technology, Taiwan, the design results are verified through time–response simulations.