汽油机的稀燃系统

本文分析了稀燃对汽油机性能的影响，介绍了几种采用不同控制方式的稀燃系统。     

车用CNG发动机理论空燃比与稀燃对比研究

文中对采用进气道内电控多点顺序喷射燃料供给方式的增压CNG发动机进行了实验研究,对理论空燃比条件下与稀燃条件下的发动机动力性、热负荷及排放性进行了对比分析。此外,文中同时给出了节气门开度及点火提前角及负荷对CNG发动机性能影响的分析结果。     

汽油机稀薄燃烧技术发展分析

汽油机的燃油经济性比柴油机差,所以降低汽油机的能耗则显得更为迫切.稀薄燃烧是提高汽油机燃油经济性的重要手段.近些年来,对以分层稀薄燃烧缸内直喷汽油机和均质压燃汽油机为代表的新型稀薄燃烧模式的研究,极大地提高了汽油机的燃油经济性.本文论述了稀薄燃烧的实现方式及其优缺点,并重点介绍了稀薄燃烧的三种形式:气道喷射稀燃系统(PFI)、直接喷射稀燃系统(GDI)和均质混合气压燃系统(HCCI),且相互比较.文章最后简要论述稀薄燃烧的发展趋势及我国在这方面的研究状况.     

车用发动机稀燃快燃能量叠加点火系研究

根据稀燃快燃对点燃式发动机点火系统的要求,研发了一种新的多电容放电能量叠加点火系统。该系统既保留了传统电容放电点火系统的优点,又克服了其放电时间短、单次点火能量小的缺点。这里对其基本组成、工作原理、工作过程及其充、放电特性进行了研究。在此基础上运用了工程计算软件进行了分析和测试,探讨了电路参数对其充、放电特性的影响。结果表明：稀燃快燃能量叠加点火系能够大幅度提高火花塞单次放电点火能量．有效延长放电火花在高电压区的维持时间,是一种比较理想的稀燃快燃点火方式。     

车用汽油机实现稀薄燃烧的技术措施

叙述了汽油机实现稀燃的关键技术,通过对进气道喷射和缸内直喷两种稀燃关键技术的论述及对比分析,提出了车用汽油机实现稀燃是提高车用汽油机经济性和改善排放性能的重要途径。     

闭环控制系统空燃比波动对三效催化剂活性的影响

通过对国外资料的考察分析，论述了空经波动对车用三效催化剂活性的影响，在催化剂与电喷发动机的匹配中，必须考虑催化剂的动态特性。对催化剂的动态性能和静态性能进行了试验对比，并针对不同幅值和频率的空燃比波动对催化剂性能的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明催化剂在动态的性能好于静态；随空燃比叔动幅值的增大，催化剂选择窗口变宽。     

天然气发动机燃烧方式分析

根据混合气形成和着火方式将天然气发动机的燃烧模式分成均质混合气点燃、非均质混合气点燃、均质混合气压燃和非均质混合气压燃/引燃4种。分析了这4种燃烧模式针对发动机性能和排放方面的特点,讨论了目前存在的问题。认为目前最有实用价值的模式为柴油引燃天然气非均质扩散燃烧,因为其热效率高于火花点火发动机,与传统柴油机相当,而有害排放物排放却较柴油机明显降低,并且相对于HCCI更易实现。     

车用汽油机稀薄燃烧的实现及排放特征分析

研究了车用465汽油机稀薄燃烧的实现与机内净化策略,借助于缸内存在的滚流运动,采用适当的气道内喷射方式,实现了均质稀薄燃烧,不同负荷时的稀燃极限可达21~22,分析了汽油机稀燃排放的特征,NOx排放先升高后降低,HC和CO排放明显降低,合理控制稀燃空燃比,可降低NOx排放。     

化油器高原补偿装置的研究

本文简述了海拔高度对混合气空燃比的影响，对为高原地区的、使用的可自动调节混合气燃比的化油器高原补装置就其结构原理，补偿方式，模拟试验方法等方面作了介绍。     

车用催化转化器性能试验台架空燃比控制系统的研制

空燃比控制是催化转化器性能评试验的关键，本文利用电控匹配技术，研制了车用催化转化器性能试验台架空燃比控制系统。该系统在催化转化器性能试验中发挥了重要作用。本文从控制策略的确定、控制将置软硬件的研制、系统软件设计、试验应用等几方面介绍了控制系统的研制过程及其应用情况。     

Model based burnt gas fraction controller design of diesel engine with VGT/Dual loop EGR system

-Recently, regulation of NOx and PM emission in diesel engines has become stricter and the EGR system has been expanded into a dual loop EGR system to increase EGR rate as well as to utilize exhaust gas strategically. In terms of engine combustion characteristics, burnt gas fraction is becoming an important factor of solving the NOx and PM emission reduction problem more efficiently but conventional controller focused only pressure and air flow rate targets. Unlike the previous studies, this paper describes a model based burnt gas fraction control structure for a diesel engine with a dual loop EGR and a turbocharger. Feedforward control inputs based on burnt gas fraction states aids in the precise control of diesel engines, especially in transient states by considering coupled behavior within the system. For the controller validation, a control oriented reduced order model of a diesel engine air management system is established to simplify the control input computation and its stability is proved by analysing the internal dynamics stability. Then, a sliding mode controller is designed and controller robustness at certain operating points is validated using an HiLS bench.     

用FAS法研究车用内燃机换气瞬态性能

本文论述了用非线性方程全近似格式的多重网格法（ＦＡＳ方法）研究车用内燃机换气瞬态性能的方法，实测了进气管总管某一截面上气体流动参数，用多重网格法对进气管内的气流运动进行了数值计算，直观地描述了车用内燃机进气管各歧管内气体流动的瞬态过程，为改善车用内燃机的性能提供了有效的研究方法。     

垃圾填埋气内燃机的研制与试验

阐述了开发垃圾填埋气内燃机的重要性,分析了垃圾填埋气中CO2成分对垃圾填埋气内燃机有关参数的影响。以2190T天然气发动机为基础,采用提高压缩比、调整点火提前角、预燃室式燃烧室、进气增压等技术措施,初步开发出2190垃圾填埋气内燃机。试验结果表明,采用上述技术措施,可改善和提高垃圾填埋气内燃机的性能指标。     

Combustion characteristics of LPG and biodiesel mixed fuel in two blending ratios under compression ignition in a constant volume chamber

This study aims to investigate the combustion characteristics of mixed fuel of liquefied propane gas (LPG) and biodiesel under compression ignition (CI) in an effort to develop highly efficient and environmentally friendly mixed fuelbased CI engines. Although LPG fuel is known to be eco-friendly due to its low CO₂ emission, LPG has not yet been widely applied for highly efficient CI engines because of its low cetane number and is usually mixed with other types of CI-friendly fuels. In this study, a number of experiments were prepared with a constant volume chamber (CVC) setup to understand the fundamental combustion characteristics of mixed fuel with LPG and biodiesel in two weight-based ratios and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) conditions. The results from the current investigations verify the applicability of mixed fuel of LPG and biodiesel in CI engines with a carefully designed combustion control strategy that maximizes the benefits of the mixed fuel. Based on the results of this study, ignition is improved by increasing the cetane value by using higher blending ratios of biodiesel. As the blending ratios of biodiesel increased, CO and HC decreased and CO₂ and NO_x increases.     

混合器优化设计

分析了天然气发动机空气和天然气在混合器内的流动规律，建立了混合气流量与混合器喉口面积、入口角度间的数学模型；并对数学模型进行优化求解；通过发动机台架试验验证了优化模型能使天然气发动机的功率损失降到最低。并论述了天然气发动机的改进方案。     

谈减轻我国汽车发动机排气污染的实用技术

从我国的汽车保有状况、道路状况、汽车产品质量状况等方面，谈了治理汽车排气污染的迫切性。分别分析了汽油机、柴油机的排气污染物生成机理，分别从几个方面阐述减轻车用汽油机、柴油机排气污染的实用技术。     

Adaptation Strategy for Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Common Rail Pressure to Improve Transient Torque Response in Diesel Engines

Fuel injection limitation algorithms are widely used to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions under transient states in diesel engines. However, the limited injection quantity leads to a decrease in the engine torque response under transient states. To overcome this issue, this study proposes an adaptation strategy for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and common rail pressure combined with a fuel injection limitation algorithm. The proposed control algorithm consists of three parts: fuel injection limitation, EGR adaptation, and rail pressure adaptation. The fuel injection quantity is limited by adjusting the exhaust burned gas rate, which is predicted based on various intake air states like air mass flow and EGR mass flow. The control algorithm for EGR and rail pressure was designed to manipulate the set-points of the EGR and rail pressure when the fuel injection limitation is activated. The EGR controller decreases the EGR gas flow rate to rapidly supply fresh air under transient states. The rail pressure controller increases the rail pressure set-point to generate a well-mixed air-fuel mixture, resulting in an enhancement in engine torque under transient states. The proposed adaptation strategy was validated through engine experiments. These experiments showed that PM emissions were reduced by up to 11.2 %, and the engine torque was enhanced by 5.4 % under transient states compared to the injection limitation strategy without adaptation.     

米勒循环发动机缸内气体流动与燃烧分析

在某1．6L发动机的基础上进行纵向开发,以此来实现高压缩比米勒循环发动机。利用大型三维计算流体动力学（CFD）软件STAR‐CD对采用进气门晚关策略的高压缩比米勒循环发动机进行数值模拟,对比分析了采用两种几何形状活塞的米勒循环发动机的缸内气体流动模式及燃烧过程。计算结果表明：经过结构优化的活塞方案相对于原方案可以获得较优的缸内流动及燃烧特性。计算结果将为实际开发中的高压缩比米勒循环发动机的活塞选型及燃烧室优化提供理论及数据支撑。     

Influence of the accelerating operation mechanism on the combustion noise in DI-diesel engines

This paper focuses on the mechanisms of combustion noise during the accelerating operation of multi-cylinder diesel engines using testing technology for the transient conditions of IC engines. Based on impact factors, such as the gas dynamic load and cylinder pressure oscillations, tests and analysis of the combustion noise during transient and steady-state conditions for different loads are made on four-cylinder naturally aspirated engines, turbocharged engines, EGR-introduced engines, and high pressure common rail engines. The laws of combustion noise difference for the same engine speed and load are researched during transient and steady-state conditions. It is found that during transient conditions, the maximum pressure rise rate and the high frequency oscillation amplitude of the cylinder pressure are all higher than those observed during steadystate conditions for the same engine speed and load. With their joint action, the combustion noise during transient conditions is greater than that during steady-state conditions. Turbocharging is useful in reducing the combustion noise during transient conditions. Turbocharging has a better effect on the control over the combustion noise during transient conditions with a constant engine speed and an increasing torque than in conditions with a constant torque and an increasing engine speed. One of the main reasons for different control effects on the combustion noise is that turbocharging causes different wall temperatures inside combustion chambers. The introduction of the appropriate EGR is helpful in the reduction of the combustion noise during transient conditions. The key to the control of combustion noise with EGR during transient conditions is whether a real-time adjustment to the EGR rate can be made to achieve the optimization of the EGR rates for different transient conditions. By means of analyzing the differences in the combustion noise between the transient and steady-state conditions for different pilot injection controls, we obtain a strategy for controlling the combustion noise during transient conditions with a pilot injection. Compared with the steady-state conditions, a larger pilot injection quantity and a longer interval between the main injection and pilot injection should be selected for transient conditions, and this is verified through tests.     

Gain-scheduled EGR control algorithm for light-duty diesel engines with static-gain parameter modeling

This paper presents a model-based gain scheduling algorithm of a PI-based EGR controller for light-duty diesel engines. In order to capture nonlinear characteristic of the EGR system, we have proposed a new scheduling variable to illustrate the static-gain of the plant model as a linear function. The proposed scheduling variable is composed of the air-tofuel ratio of the exhaust gas and the pressure ratio between the exhaust and intake manifolds. Using the scheduling variable, a static-gain model achieved 0.94 of the R-squared value with 810 of steady-state measurements which include key engine operating conditions. Based on the model of the static-gain parameter, the gains of the PI controller are decided by Skogestad internal model control (SIMC) tuning rule in real-time. Through various scenarios of engine experiments, the proposed gain scheduling algorithm represented that the PI gains were successfully adapted according to the changes of the engine operating conditions.